41
Views
124
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Quinones as toxic metabolites of benzene

Pages 673-678 | Published online: 20 Oct 2009

References

  • Aksoy , M. , Erdem , S. and Dincol , C. 1974 . Leukemia in shoe workers exposed chronically to benzene . Blood , 44 : 837 – 841 .
  • Cronkite , E. P. , Bullis , J. E. , Inoue , T. and Drew , R. T. 1984 . Benzene inhalation produces leukemia in mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 75 : 358 – 361 .
  • Decoufle , P. , Blattner , W. and Blair , A. 1983 . Mortality among chemical workers exposed to benzene and other agents . Environ. Res. , 30 : 16 – 25 .
  • Coldwater , L. J. 1941 . Disturbances in the blood following exposure to benzol . J. Lab. Clin. Invest. , 26 : 957 – 973 .
  • Conasun , L. M. , Witmer , C , Kocsis , J. J. and Snyder , R. 1973 . Benzene metabolism in mouse liver microsomes . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 26 : 398 – 406 .
  • Greenlee , W. F. and Irons , R. D. 1981 . Modulation of benzene‐induced lymphocytopenia in the rat by 2,4,5,2’,4’,5'‐hexachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,3’,4'‐tetrachlorobiphenyl . Chem. Biol. Interact. , 33 : 345 – 360 .
  • Greenlee , W. F. , Gross , E. A. and Irons , R. D. 1981a . Relationship between benzene toxicity and the disposiiton of 14C‐labeled benzene metabolites in the rat . Chem. Biol. Interact. , 33 : 285 – 299 .
  • Greenlee , W. F. , Sun , J. D. and Bus , J. S. 1981b . A proposed mechanism of benzene toxicity: Formation of reactive intermediates from polyphenol metabolites . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 59 : 187 – 195 .
  • Infante , P. F. , Rinsky , R. A. , Wagoner , J. K. and Young , R. J. 1977 . Leukemia in benzene workers . Lancet , 2 : 76 – 78 .
  • Irons , R. D. and Neptun , D. A. 1980 . Effects of the principal hydroxy‐metabolites of benzene on microtubule polymerization . Arch. Toxicol. , 45 : 297 – 305 .
  • Irons , R. D. , Heck , H. d'A. , Moore , B. J. and Muirhead , K. A. 1979 . Effects of short‐term benzene administration on bone marrow cell cycle kinetics in the rat . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 51 : 399 – 409 .
  • Irons , R. D. , Dent , J. G. , Baker , T. S. and Rickert , D. E. 1980 . Benzene is metabolized and covalently bound in bone marrow in situ . Chem. Biol. Interact. , 30 : 241 – 245 .
  • Irons , R. D. , Neptun , D. A. and Pfeifer , R. W. 1981 . Inhibition of lymphocyte transformation and microtubule assembly by quinone metabolites of benzene: Evidence for a common mechanism . J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. , 30 : 359 – 372 .
  • Irons , R. D. , Pfeifer , R. W. , Aune , T. M. and Pierce , C. W. 1984 . Soluble immune response suppressor inhibits microtubule function in vivo and microtubule assembly in vitro . J. Immunol. , 133 : 2032 – 2036 .
  • Jerina , D. , Daly , J. , Witkop , B. , Zaltzman‐Nirenberg , P. and Undenfriend , S. 1968 . Role of the arene oxide‐oxepin system in the metabolism of aromatic substrates. I. In vitro conversion of benzene oxide to a premercapturic acid and a dihydrodiol . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 128 : 176 – 183 .
  • Laskin , S. and Goldstein , B. D. 1977 . Benzene toxicity: A critical review . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health ,
  • Latta , J. S. and Davies , L. T. 1941 . Effects on the blood and hemopoietic organs of the albino rat of repeated administration of benzene . Arch. Pathol. , 31 : 55 – 67 .
  • Maltoni , C. and Scarnato , C. 1979 . First experimental demonstration of the carcinogenic effects of benzene . Med. Lav. , 70 : 332 – 357 .
  • Mann , K. , Giesel , M. , Fasold , H. and Haase , W. 1974 . Isolation of native microtubules from porcine brain and characterization of SH groups essential for polymerization at the GTP binding sites . FEBS Lett. , 92 : 45 – 48 .
  • Morimoto , K. and Wolff , S. 1980 . Increase in sister chromatid exchanges and perturbations of cell division kinetics in human lymphocytes by benzene metabolites . Cancer Res. , 40 : 1189 – 1193 .
  • Muirhead , K. A. , Irons , R. D. , Bruins , R. and Horank , P. K. 1980 . A rabbit bone marrow model system for the evaluation of cytotoxicity: Characterization of normal bone marrow cell cycle parameters by flow cytometry . Cytochemistry , 28 : 526 – 532 .
  • National Toxicology Program . Carcinogenesis studies of benzene in B6C3F1 mice , U.S. Tech. Rep. Ser. Department of Health and Human Services . in press
  • Pfeifer , R. W. and Irons , R. D. 1981 . Inhibition of lectin stimulated agglutination and mitosis by hydroquinone: Reactivity with intracellular sulfhydryl groups . Exp. Mol. Pathol. , 35 : 189 – 198 .
  • Pfeifer , R. W. and Irons , R. D. 1982 . Effect of benzene metabolites on PHA‐stimulated lymphopoiesis in rat bone marrow . J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. , 31 : 155 – 170 .
  • Pfiefer , R. W. and Irons , R. D. 1983 . Alteration of lymphocyte function by quinones through sulfhydryl‐dependent disruption of microtubule assembly . Int. J. Immunopharmacol. , 5 : 463 – 470 .
  • Sawahata , T. , Rickert , D. E. and Greenlee , W. F. 1985 . “ Metabolism of benzene and its metabolites in bone marrow ” . In Toxicology of the Blood and Bone Marrow , Edited by: Irons , R. D. 141 – 148 . New York : Raven .
  • Tunek , A. , Plat , K. L , Pryzybylski , M. and Oesch , F. 1980 . Multistep metabolic activation of benzene. Effect of Superoxide dismutase on covalent binding to microsomal macromolecules, and identification of glutathione conjugates using high pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry . Chem. Biol. Interact. , 33 : 1 – 17 .
  • Viana , N. J. and Polan , A. 1979 . Lymphomas and occupational benzene exposure . Lancet , i : 1394 – 1395 .
  • Vigliani , E. C. 1976 . Leukemia associated with benzene exposure . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 271 : 134 – 151 .
  • Wierda , D. and Irons , R. D. 1982 . Hydroquinone and catechol reduce the frequency of progenitor B lymphocytes in mouse spleen and bone marrow . Immunopharmacology , 4 : 41 – 54 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.