References
- American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists . 1971 . Colour Index, , 3d ed. vol. 2 , 2439 3561 Research Triangle Park, N.C. vol. 3
- Bartek , M. J. , Labudde , J. A. and Maibach , H. I. 1972 . Skin permeability in vivo: Comparison in rat, rabbit, pig and man . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 58 (3) : 114 – 123 .
- Bickers , D. and Kappas , A. 1974 . Metabolic and pharmacologic properties of skin . Hosp. Pract. , May : 97 – 106 .
- IARC . 1982 . Benzidine and its salts . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risk Chem. Hum. , 29 : 149 – 183 .
- Imaida , K. , Ishihara , Y. , Nishio , O. and Nakanishi , K. 1983 . Carcinogenicity and toxicity tests on p‐phenylenediamine in rats and mice . Toxicol. Lett. , 16 (3–4) : 259 – 269 .
- Loomis , T. 1980 . “ Skin as a portal of entry for systemic effects ” . In Current Concepts in Cutaneous Toxicity , Edited by: Drill , V. A. and Lazar , P. 153 – 169 . New York : Academic .
- Maibach , H. I. and Wolfram , L. J. 1981 . Percutaneous penetration of hair dyes . J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. , 32 : 223 – 229 .
- Malkinson , F. and Gehlmann , L. 1977 . “ Factors affecting percutaneous absorption ” . In Cutaneous Toxicity , Edited by: Drill , V. A. and Lazar , P. 63 – 81 . New York : Academic .
- Martin , C. N. and Kennelly , J. C. 1981 . Rat liver microsomal azoreductase activity on four azo dyes derived from benzidine, 3,3'‐dimethylbenzidine or 3,3'‐dimethoxybenzidine . Carcinogenesis (Lond.) , 2 (4) : 307 – 312 .
- Midwest Research Institute . 1979 . “ Letter reports to IBM Corporation on analysis of rabbit urine samples ” . Kansas City, Mo.
- Morrison , R. T. and Boyd , R. N. 1973 . Organic Chemistry, , 3d ed. , 775 Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 1980 . Carcinogenicity and metabolism of azo dyes, especially those derived from benzidine , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service . Publication 80–119
- Pannatier , A. , Jenner , P. , Testa , B. and Etter , J. C. 1978 . The skin as a drug‐metabolizing organ . Drug Metab. Rev. , 8 (2) : 319 – 343 .
- Rinde , E. and Troll , W. 1975 . Metabolic reduction of benzidine azo dyes to benzidine in the rhesus monkey . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 55 (1) : 181 – 182 .
- Shah , P. V. and Guthrie , F. E. 1983 . Dermal absorption of benzidine derivatives in rats . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 31 (1) : 73 – 78 .
- Sontag , J. M. 1981 . Carcinogenicity of substituted benzenediamines (phenylenediamines) in rats and mice . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 66 (3) : 591 – 601 .
- U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare . 1978 . Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals , DHEW publication (NIH) 78–23
- Yoshida , O. and Miyakawa , M. 1973 . “ Etiology of bladder cancer; Metabolic aspects ” . In Analytic and Experimental Epidemiology of Cancer , Edited by: Nakohara , W. , Hirayama , T. , Nishioka , K. and Sugano , H. 31 – 39 . Baltimore : University Park Press .