Toxicity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide to alveolar macrophages: Comparative study revealing differences in their mechanism of toxic action

References

• Alink , C. M. , Van der Hoeven , J. C. M. , Debets , F. M. H. , Van de Ven , W. S. M. , Boleij , J. S. M. and Koeman , J. H. 1979 . A new exposure model for in vitro testing of effects of gaseous pollutants on mammalian cells by means of gas diffusion through plastic films . Chemosphere , 2 : 63 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bils , R. F. 1974 . Effect of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on monkey lung ultrastructure . Pneumono‐logie , 150 : 99 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyland , E. and Chasseaud , L. F. 1967 . Enzyme catalysed conjugations of glutathione with unsatu‐rated compounds . Biochem. J. , 104 : 95 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , C. K. and Tappel , A. L. 1973 . Activities of pentose shunt and glycolytic enzymes in lungs of ozone‐exposed rats . Arch. Environ. Health , 26 : 205 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , C. K. , Dillard , C. J. and Tappel , A. L. 1974 . Glutathione peroxidase system and lysozyme in rats exposed to ozone or nitrogen dioxide . Environ. Res. , 7 : 311 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , N. , Scott , C. C. , Neukom , C. , Lopresti , R. J. , Weber , C. and Saucy , C. 1981 . Total synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of α‐tocopheryl acetate. Determination of their stereoisomeric and enanthiomeric purity by gas chromatography . Helv. Chim. Acta , 64 : 1158 – 1173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criegee , R. 1957 . Course of ozonization of unsaturated compounds . Rec. Chem. Prog. , 18 : 111 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• De Laat , S. W. , Van der Saag , P. T. and Shinitzky , M. 1977 . Microviscosity modulation during the cell cycle of neuroblastoma cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 74 : 4458 – 4461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diplock , A. T. 1982 . The modulating influences of vitamin E in biological membrane unsaturated phospholipid metabolism . Acta Vitaminol. Enzymol. , 4 : 303 – 309 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diplock , A. T. and Lucy , J. A. 1973 . The biochemical modes of action of vitamin E and selenium; A hypothesis . FEBS Lett. , 29 : 205 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan , D. E. 1959 . Spectrofluorometric determination of tocopherols . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 84 : 116 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , M. J. , Johnson , L. V. , Stephens , R. J. and Freeman , C. 1976 . Renewal of the terminal bron‐chiolar epithelium in the rat following exposure to NO2 or O3 . Lab. Invest. , 35 : 246 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folch , J. , Lees , M. and Sloane‐Stanley , G. H. 1957 . A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues . J. Biol. Chem. , 226 : 497 – 509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuzawa , K. , Tokumura , A. , Ouchi , S. and Tsukatani , H. 1982 . Antioxidant activities of tocopherols on Fe2+‐ascorbate‐induced lipid peroxidation in lecithin liposomes . Lipids , 17 : 511 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , B. D. , Hamburger , S. J. , Falk , G. W. and Amoruso , S. J. 1977 . Effect of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the agglutination of rat alveolar macrophages by concanavalin A . Life Sci. , 21 : 1637 – 1644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , E. , Warshauer , D. , Lippert , W. and Tarkington , B. 1974 . Ozone and nitrogen dioxide exposure. Murine pulmonary defense mechanisms . Arch. Environ. Health , 28 : 85 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guicherit , R. , Jeltes , R. and Lindqvist , F. 1972 . Determination of the ozone concentration in outdoor air near Delft, the Netherlands . Environ. Pollut. , 3 : 91 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutteridge , J. M. C. 1978 . The membrane effects of vitamin E, cholesterol and their acetates on peroxidative susceptibility . Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , 22 : 563 – 572 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huygen , C. 1970 . Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with Griess‐type reagents . Anal. Chem. , 42 : 407 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim , A. L. , Zee , J. C. and Osebold , J. W. 1980 . The effects of ozone on the respiratory epithelium of mice II. Ultrastructural alterations . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , 3 : 251 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Lucy , J. A. 1972 . Functional and structural aspects of biological membranes: A suggested structural role for vitamin E in the control of membrane permeability and stability . Ann. NYAcad. Sci. , 203 : 4 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggio , B. , Diplock , A. T. and Lucy , J. A. 1977 . Interactions of tocopherols and ubiquinones with monolayers of phospholipids . Biochem. J. , 161 : 111 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , R. J. , Williams , M. C. , Greenleaf , R. C. and Clements , J. A. 1977 . Isolation and properties of type II alveolar cells from rat lung . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 115 : 1015 – 1026 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meister , A. 1983 . Selective modification of glutathione metabolism . Science , 220 : 472 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , F. J. , Menzel , D. B. and Coffin , D. L. 1978 . Similarity between man and laboratory animals in regional pulmonary deposition of ozone . Environ. Res. , 17 : 84 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mino , M. and Sugita , K. 1978 . “ The membrane action of alpha‐tocopherol upon oxidative damage in erythrocytes ” . In Tocopherol, Oxygen and Biomembranes , Edited by: De Duve , C. and Hayai‐shi , O. 71 – 81 . North Holland : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Mustafa , M. G. and Tierney , D. F. 1978 . Biochemical and metabolic changes in the lung with oxygen, ozone and nitrogen dioxide toxicity . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 118 : 1061 – 1090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustafa , M. G. , Elsayed , N. M. , Von Dohlen , F. M. , Hasset , C. M. , Postlethwait , E. M. , Quinn , C. L. , Graham , J. A. and Gardner , D. E. 1984 . A comparison of biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide, ozone and their combination in mouse lung I. Intermittent exposures . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 72 : 82 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor , W. A. and Lightsey , J. W. 1981 . Mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide reactions: Initiation of lipid peroxidation and the production of nitrous acid . Science , 214 : 435 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor , W. A. , Stanley , J. P. , Blair , L. and Cullen , G. B. 1976 . Autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. I. Effect of ozone on the autoxidation of neat methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate . Arch. Environ. Health , 36 : 201 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Pryor , W. A. , Lightsey , J. W. and Church , D. F. 1982 . Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids; Addition and hydrogen abstraction mechanisms . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 104 : 6685 – 6692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietjens , I. M. C. M. , Alink , G. M. and Vos , R. M. E. 1985 . The role of glutathione and changes in thiol homeostasis in cultured lung cells exposed to ozone . Toxicology , 35 : 207 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roehm , J. N. , Hadley , J. G. and Menzel , D. B. 1971 . Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by ozone and nitrogen dioxide . Arch. Environ. Health , 23 : 142 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagai , M. , Ichinose , T. , Oda , H. and Kubota , K. 1982 . Studies on biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide II. Changes of the protective systems in rat lungs and of lipid peroxidation by acute exposure . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 9 : 153 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisankar , E. V. and Patterson , L. K. 1979 . Reactions of ozone with fatty acid monolayers: A model system for disruption of lipid molecular assemblies by ozone . Arch. Environ. Health , 34 : 346 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokinger , H. E. 1965 . Ozone toxicology. A review of research and industrial experience . Arch. Environ. Health , 10 : 719 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voisin , C , Erb , F. , Pommery‐Dutriez , N. and Aerts , C. 1980 . Agressions par gaz toxiques et défense phagocytaire de l'appareil respiratoire approche “in vitro.” . Ann. Anesthesiol. Fr. , 6 : 639 – 643 .
   Google Scholar
• Weissbecker , L. , Carpenter , R. D. , Luchsinger , P. C. and Osdene , T. S. 1969 . In vitro alveolar macrophage viability. Effect of gases . Arch. Environ. Health , 18 : 756 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zitnik , L. A. , Schwartz , L W. , McQuiller , N. K. , Zee , Y. C. and Osebold , J. W. 1978 . Pulmonary changes induced by low‐level ozone: Morphological observations . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , 1 : 365 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar