15
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Cutaneous absorption and decontamination of [3H]T‐2 toxin in the rat model

, , &
Pages 413-423 | Received 13 Jun 1988, Accepted 13 Oct 1988, Published online: 15 Oct 2009

References

  • Bamburg , J. R. and Strong , F. M. 1971 . “ 12–13‐Epoxytrichothecenes ” . In Microbial Toxins VII: Algal and Fungal Toxins , Edited by: Kadis , S. , Ciegler , A. and Ajl , S. 207 – 292 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Bridges , C. H. 1978 . “ Mycotoxicoses in horses ” . In Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses , Edited by: Wyllie , T. D. and Morehouse , L. G. 173 – 181 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Committee on Protection Against Mycotoxins, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council . 1983 . Protection Against Trichothecene Mycotoxins , 227 Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
  • Dahlgren , R. R. and Williams , D. E. 1972 . Clinical report: Hemorrhagic syndrome in feedlot cattle . Bovine Pract. , 7 : 52 – 53 .
  • Cosselin , R. E. , Smith , R. P. , Hodge , H. C. and Braddock , J. E. 1984 . Chemical Toxicology of Commercial Products. , Fifth Edition , II‐407 – II‐408 . Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins .
  • Creenway , J. H. and Puls , R. 1976 . Fusariotoxicosis from barley in British Columbia. I. Natural occurrence and diagnosis . Can. J. Comp. Med. , 40 : 12 – 15 .
  • Hawkins , C. S. Jr. and Reifenrath , W. G. 1984 . Development of an in vitro model for determining the fate of chemicals applied to skin . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 4 : S133 – S144 .
  • Heyndrickx , A. and Heyndrickx , B. 1984 . Treatment of Iranian soldiers attacked by chemical and microbiological war gases . Arch. Belg. Med. Soc. Hyg. Med. Trav. Med. Legale Suppl. , : 157 – 159 .
  • Joffe , A. Z. 1978 . “ Fusarium pode F. sporotrichioides as principal causal agents of alimentary toxic aleukia ” . In Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses , Edited by: Wyllie , T. D. and Morehouse , L. G. 21 – 86 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Kemppainen , B. W. and Riley , R. T. 1984 . Penetration of [3H]T‐2 toxin through excised human and guinea pig skin during exposure to [3H]T‐2 toxin adsorbed to corn dust . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 22 : 893 – 896 .
  • Kemppainen , B. W. , Riley , R. T. , Pace , J. G. and Hoerr , F. J. 1986 . Effects of skin storage conditions and concentration of applied dose on [3H]T‐2 toxin penetration through excised human and monkey skin . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 24 : 221 – 227 .
  • Kemppainen , B. W. , Riley , R. T. , Joyave , J. L. and Hoerr , F. J. 1987 . In vitro percutaneous penetration and metabolism of [3H]T‐2 toxin: Comparison of human, rabbit, guinea pig and rat . Toxicon , 25 : 185 – 194 .
  • Kleinfeld , M. , Messite , J. , Swencicki , R. and Shapiro , J. 1968 . A clinical and physiologic study of grain handlers . Arch. Environ. Health , 16 : 380 – 384 .
  • Marshall , E. 1982 . A cloudburst of yellow rain reports . Science , 218 : 1202 – 1203 .
  • Matsumato , H. , Ito , T. and Ueno , Y. 1978 . Toxicological approaches to the metabolites of Fusaria. XII. Fate and distribution of T‐2 toxin in mice . Jpn. J. Exp. Med. , 48 : 393 – 399 .
  • Maxwell , S. A. , Brown , R. F. R. and Upshall , D. P. 1986 . The in vitro penetration and distribution of T‐2 toxin through human skin . Toxicology , 40 : 59 – 74 .
  • Mirocha , C. J. , Pawlosky , R. A. , Chatterjee , K. , Watson , S. and Hayes , W. 1983 . Analysis for Fusarium toxins in various samples implicated in biological warfare in Southeast Asia . J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. , 66 : 1485 – 1499 .
  • Ožegovič , L. , Pavlovič , R. and Milošev , B. 1971 . Toxic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis in fattening cattle and farm workers caused by mold from contaminated straw (stachybotryotoxicosis) . Vet. Saraj. , 20 : 263 – 267 .
  • Pace , J. G. , Watts , M. R. , Burrows , E. P. , Dinterman , R. E. , Matson , C. , Hauer , E. C. and Wannemacher , R W. Jr. 1985 . Fate and distribution of 3H‐labeled T‐2 mycotoxin in guinea pigs . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 80 : 377 – 385 .
  • Pang , V. F. , Swanson , S. P. , Beasley , V. R. , Buck , W. B. and Haschek , W. M. 1987 . The toxicity of T‐2 toxin in swine following topical application. I. Clinical signs, pathology and residue concentrations . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 9 : 41 – 49 .
  • Petrie , L. , Robb , J. and Stewart , A. F. 1977 . The identification of T‐2 toxin and its association with a haemorrhagic syndrome in cattle . Vet. Rec. , 101 : 326
  • Reifenrath , W. G. , Mershon , M. M. , Brinkley , F. B. , Miura , G. A. , Broomfield , C. A. and Cranford , H. B. 1984 . Evaluation of diethyl malonate as a simulant for 1,2,2‐trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) in shower decontamination of the skin . J. Pharm. Sci. , 73 : 1388 – 1392 .
  • Rosen , R. T. and Rosen , J. D. 1982 . Presence of four Fusarium mycotoxins and synthetic materials in “Yellow Rain” . Biomed. Mass Spectrom. , 9 : 443 – 450 .
  • Sato , N. and Ueno , Y. 1977 . “ Comparative toxicities of trichothecenes ” . In Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health , Edited by: Rodricks , J. V. , Hesseltine , C. W. and Mehlman , M. A. 295 – 307 . Park Forest South, Ill. : Pathotox .
  • Scheuplein , R. J. and Ross , L. W. 1974 . Mechanism of percutaneous absorption. V. Percutaneous absorption of solvent deposited solids . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 62 : 353 – 360 .
  • Ueno , Y. 1977 . “ Trichothecenes: Overview address ” . In Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health , Edited by: Rodricks , J. V. , Hesseltine , C. W. and Mehlman , M. A. 189 – 207 . Park Forest South, Ill. : Pathotox .
  • Wannemacher , R. W. Jr. , Bunner , D. L. and Barquist , R. F. 1985a . “ Evaluation of the ability of various agents to decontaminate skin of rats exposed to T‐2 toxin ” . In An Analysis of Available Methods and Materiels for Physical Defense against T‐2 Toxin , Edgewater, Md : U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development, and Engineering Center . DRDC‐TR‐84088, Appendix A
  • Wannemacher , R. W. Jr. , Bunner , D. L. , Pace , J. C. , Neufeld , H. A. , Brennecke , L. H. and Dinterman , R. E. 1985b . “ Dermal toxicity of T‐2 toxin in guinea pigs, rats, and Cynomolgus monkeys ” . In Trichothecenes and Other Mycotoxins , Edited by: Lacey , J. 423 – 432 . New York : Wiley .
  • Williams , N. , Skoulas , A. and Merriman , J. E. 1964 . Exposure to grain dust: I. A survey of the effects . J. Occup. Med. , 6 : 319 – 329 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.