References
- Horowitz , S. B. and Finley , B. L. 1994 . Setting health‐protective soil concentrations for dermal contact allergens: A proposed methodology . Reg. Toxicol. Pharm. , 19 : 31 – 47 .
- Nethercott , J. , Holness , L , Adams , R. , Belsito , D. , DeLio , V. , Emmitt , E. , Fowler , J. , Fisher , A. , Larsen , W. , Maibach , H. , Marks , J. , Mitchell , J. , Rietchel , R. , Rosenthal , L , Schorr , W. , Storrs , F. and Taylor , J. 1991 . Patch testing with a routine screening tray in North America 1985–1989. I: Frequency of response . Am. J. Contact Dermatitis , 2 : 122 – 129 .
- Nethercott , J. N. , Paustenbach , D. J. , Adams , R. , Fowler , J. , Morton , M. C. , Taylor , J. and Finley , B. L. 1994 . A study of chromium induced allergic contact dermatitis with 54 volunteers: Implications for environmental risk assessment . Occup. Environ. Med. , 51 (6) : 371 – 380 .
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy . June 9 1992 . “ Risk assessment of the allergic contact dermatitis potential of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil—derivation of an acceptable soil concentration ” . June 9 , Draft report, by Alan Stern
- Paustenbach , D. J. , Sheehan , P. J. , Pauli , J. M. , Wisser , L. M. and Finley , B. L. 1992 . Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe”; concentration . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 37 : 177 – 207 .
- Stern , A. H. , Bagdon , R. E. , Hazen , R. E. and Marzulli , F. N. 1993 . Risk assessment of the allergic dermatitis potential of environmental exposure to hexavalent chromium . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 40 : 613 – 641 .
- Upadhye , M. R. and Maibach , H. I. 1992 . Influence of area of application of allergen on sensitization in contact dermatitis . Contact Dermatitis , 27 : 281 – 286 .
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . December 1989 . “ Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Human Health Risk Assessment ” . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX Recommendations. Interim final December , 1989
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1992 . “ Dermal Assessment: Principles and Applications ” . Washington, D.C. EPA/600/8–91/011B
References
- McKone , T. E. 1990 . Dermal uptake of organic chemicals from a soil matrix . Risk Anal. , 10 (3) : 407 – 419 .
- Polak , L. 1983 . “ Immunology of chromium ” . In Chromium: Metabolism and Toxicity , Edited by: Burrows , D. Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
- Stern , A. H. , Bagdon , R. E. , Hazen , R. E. and Marzulli , F. N. 1993 . Risk assessment of the allergic dermatitis potential of environmental exposure to hexavalent chromium . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 40 : 613 – 641 .
- Upadhye , M. R. and Maibach , H. I. 1992 . Influence of area of application of allergens on sensitization in contact dermatitis . Contact Dermatitis , 27 : 281 – 286 .
- Wester , R. C. , Maibach , H. I. , Sedik , L. , Melendres , J. , DiZio , S. and Wade , M. 1992 . In vitro percutaneous absorption of cadmium from water and soil into human skin . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 19 : 1 – 5 .
- Yang , J. J. , Roy , T. A. , Krueger , A. J. , Neil , W. and Mackerer , C. R. 1989 . In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of benzo(a)pyrene from petroleum crude‐fortified soil in the rat . Bull. Environ Contam. Toxicol. , 3 : 207 – 214 .
References
- Finley , B. L. , Scott , P. K. and Mayhall , D. A. 1994 . Development of a standard soil‐to‐skin adherence probability density function for use in Monte Carlo analyses of dermal exposure . Risk Anal. , 14 (4) : 555 – 569 .
- McKone , T. E. 1990 . Dermal uptake of organic chemicals from a soil matrix . Risk Analysis , 10 (3) : 407 – 419 .
- Nethercott , J. , Paustenbach , D. , Adams , R. , Fowler , J. , Marks , J. , Morton , C. , Taylor , J. and Finley , B. 1994 . A study of chromium induced allergic contact dermatitis with 54 volunteers: Implications for environmental risk assessment . Occup. Environ. Med. , 51 (6) : 371 – 380 .