Voices on Emiratization: the impact of Emirati culture on the workforce participation of national women in the UAE private banking sector

References

• Abdelkarim , A. 2001a . Research Report 1: UAE Labour Market and Problems of Employment of Nationals, An overview and Policy Agenda , Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Abdelkarim , A. , ed. 2001b . Employment and Employability in a Small Oil Economy – The UAE , Maastricht : Shaker .
   Google Scholar
• Abu Ghazaleh , D. 2004 . ‘We can’t afford to see UAE nationals jobless: Al Tayer’ . The Gulf News , : 34
   Google Scholar
• Al Abed , I. 2001 . “ ‘The Historical Background and Constitutional Basis to the Federation’ ” . In United Arab Emirates: a new perspective , Edited by: Al Abed , I. and Hellyer , P. 121 – 144 . London : Trident .
   Google Scholar
• Al Abed , I. and Vine , P. , eds. 2000 . United Arab Emirates Yearbook 1999 , London : Ministry of Information and Culture, Trident Press .
   Google Scholar
• Al Abed , I. , Vine , P. and Hellyer , P. , eds. 2004 . United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2004 , London : Ministry of Information and Culture, Trident Press .
   Google Scholar
• Al Abed , I. , Vine , P. , Hellyer , P. and Vine , P. , eds. 2006 . United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2006 , London : Ministry of Information and Culture, Trident Press .
   Google Scholar
• Al Abed , I. , Vine , P. , Hellyer , P. and Vine , P. , eds. 2007 . United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2007 , London : Ministry of Information and Culture, Trident Press .
   Google Scholar
• Al Hashimi , S. 2002 . Work and Work Conditions of the UAE Nationals in the Private Sector , UAE National Labour Force Survey Series, No. 1 Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Al Sadik , A.T. 2001 . “ ‘Evolution and Performance of the UAE Economy’ ” . In United Arab Emirates: a new perspective , Edited by: Al Abed , I. and Hellyer , P. 202 – 230 . London : Trident .
   Google Scholar
• Amutabi , M. and Lutta‐Mukhebi , M. 2001 . “Gender and Mining in Kenya: The Case of Mukibira Mines in Vihiga District” . Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies , 1 (2) : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Arabwomenconnect . 2003 . “ ‘Women in the U.A.E.’ ” . In Arabwomenconnect URL: http://arabwomenconnect.org (accessed 01 May 2003)
   Google Scholar
• Archer , M. 1988 . Culture and Agency: The Place of Culture in Social Theory , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , M. 1965. {1869} . Culture and Anarchy , Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barlas , A. 2002 . Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qurʾan , Austin : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baud , I. and Mahgoub , K.H. 2001 . Research Report 2: Towards Increasing National Female Participation in the Labour Force , Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia) .
   Google Scholar
• Bouhdiba , A. 1985 . Sexuality in Islam , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Bryman , A. 1984 . ‘The debate about quantitative and qualitative research: A question of method or epistemology?’ . The British Journal of Sociology , 35 (1) : 75 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , R.B. 1994 . Introduction to Research Methods , 4th Edition , Melbourne : Longman Cheshire .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , J.C. 1982 . Theory of Fertility Decline , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , J. 2002 . Preliminary Interpretations of Background Information on the Labour Markets in the Five Northern Emirates , Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information, Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , J. , ed. u.p. . Higher Education and Human Resource Needs for Nationals in the Government Sector of the UAE , Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information, (Tanmia) . (draft)
   Google Scholar
• CIA . 2006 . ‘United Arab Emirates’ , The World Factbook . http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ae.html (accessed 19 June 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , M. 2001 . Women Claim Islam: Creating Islamic Feminism Through Literature , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , R. 2002 . ‘The Gulf in 2003 What's in store for the GCC in 2003 . Gulf Business , 7 (8) December 2002, n.p.
   Google Scholar
• DDIA . 2004 . “ Dubai Development and Investment Authority ” . URL: http://www.ddia.ae (accessed 29 September 2004)
   Google Scholar
• Denzin , N.K. 1970 . “ Chapter 12: Strategies of Multiple Triangulation, from Norman K. Denzin ” . In The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods , 298 – 313 . Chicago : Aldine Pub. Co .
   Google Scholar
• Dommisse , A. and Kazi , W. 2005 . ‘Securitisation and Shariʾah law’ . Middle East Banker , : 48 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• During , S. 2005 . Cultural Studies: A Critical Introduction , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Eagleton , T. 2000 . The Idea of Culture , Oxford : Blackwell Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• EIU . 2003 . “ Economist Intelligence Unit Limited ” . In United Arab Emirates, Country Profile 2003 , Dartford, , UK : Pattersons .
   Google Scholar
• Erturk , Y. 1991 . “Convergence and Divergence in the Status of Muslim Women: The Cases of Turkey and Saudi Arabia” . International Sociology , 6 ( 1 ) : 307 – 320 . September
   Google Scholar
• Ertuk , Y. 2004 . “Considering the Role of men in gender agenda setting: conceptual and policy issues” . Feminist Review , 78 : 4 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Giele , J.Z. 1977 . “Introduction: The Status of Women in Comparative Perspective’ ” . In Women: Roles and Status in Eight Countries , Edited by: Giele , Janet Z. and Audrey , C. Smock . 3 – 31 . New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Goetz , B.S. 1997 . “Who needs (sex) when you can have (gender)? Conflicting discourses on gender at Beijing” . Feminist Review , 56 : 3 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , J. 2001 . Price of Honour, Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence on the Islamic World , London : Warner Books .
   Google Scholar
• Grewal , I. 1994 . “ ‘Autobiographical subjects, diasporic locations’ ” . In Scattered Hegemonies: postmodernity and transnational feminist practices , Edited by: Grewal , I. and Kaplan , C. 231 – 254 . University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gulf News . 2004 . “ ‘Zayed's policies empowered women’ ” . 5 6th November 2004
   Google Scholar
• Heard‐Bey , F. 2001 . “ ‘The Tribal Society of the UAE and its Traditional Economy’ ” . In United Arab Emirates: a new perspective , Edited by: Al Abed , I. and Hellyer , P. 98 – 116 . London : Trident .
   Google Scholar
• Hellyer , P. 2001 . “ ‘Evolution of UAE Foreign Policy’ ” . In United Arab Emirates: a new perspective , Edited by: Al Abed , I. and Hellyer , P. 161 – 178 . London : Trident .
   Google Scholar
• Homoud , S.H. 1983 . “ ‘Islamic banking in theory and practice’ ” . In Arab Banking and Finance Handbook 1983 , Edited by: Barker , P. 43 – 46 . Bahrain : Falcon .
   Google Scholar
• Hussein , F. , ed. 1984 . Muslim Women , London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Hyndman , J. 1998 . ‘Managing Difference: gender and culture in humanitarian emergencies’ . Gender, Place and Culture , 5 (3) : 241 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• ILO . 2005 . Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) Programme: The 20 Key Indicators of the Labour Market; KILM 1. Labour force participation rate URL: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/indicators.htm#kilm1 (accessed 20 August 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Inglis , F. 2004 . Culture , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jacob , E. 1990 . ‘Alternative approaches for studying naturally occurring human behavior and thought in special education research’ . The Journal of Special Education , 24 (2) : 195 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenks , C. 2005 . Culture , second edition , Oxon : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kabeer , N. 2000 . The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti , D. 1988 . ‘Bargaining with Patriarchy’ . Gender & Society , 2 (3) : 274 – 290 . September
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karake‐Shalhoub , Z. and Al Qasimi , L. . ‘Information/Knowledge Society: The Case of the UAE’ . Paper presented at the Western Asia Preparatory Conference for the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) . February 4–6 2003 , Beirut.
   Google Scholar
• Kawach , N. 2004 . ‘Divorce rate resists emphasis on family’ . Gulf News , : 7
   Google Scholar
• Khaleej Times . 2003 . “ ‘Country needs well trained cadre: Zayed’ ” . 1 10th March 2003
   Google Scholar
• Kazim , A. 2000 . The United Arab Emirates, A.D. 600 to The Present: A Socio‐Discursive Transformation in the Arabian Gulf , Dubai : Gulf Book Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Koczberski , G. 1998 . “Women in Development: a critical analysis” . Third World Quarterly , 19 (3) : 395 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaikah , S.J. 2001 . “ ‘Islamic Vs. Conventional Banks – Control Measures of Banking Business’ ” . In Arab Banking and Finance Handbook 2001 , Edited by: Gopalakrishnan , V.N. 11 – 13 . Bahrain : Tele‐Gulf Directory .
   Google Scholar
• Mann , M. 1986 . “ ‘A Crisis in Stratification Theory?’ ” . In Gender and Stratification , Edited by: Crompton , R. and Mann , M. 40 – 56 . Cambridge, , UK : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , J. 1996 . “ Using qualitative research to develop causal explanations ” . In Harvard Project on Schooling and Children , Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Moghadam , V.M. 2003 . Modernizing Women: gender and social change in the Middle East , London : Lynne Rienner Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Moghissi , H. 1999 . Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of Postmodern Analysis , London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Morada , H.B. 2002 . Work and Work Conditions of the UAE Nationals: A Four‐Sector Comparison , UAE National Labour Force Survey Series, No. 5 Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia) .
   Google Scholar
• NBD . 2002 . “ ‘Emiratization Efforts in the UAE: Impediments to a Serious Vision’ ” . National Bank of Dubai . URL: http://www.nbd.com/NBD/NBD_CDA/CDA_WEB_PAGES/Financial_Outlook (accessed 14 February 2005)
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , C. 2004 . UAE National Women at work in the Private Sector: Conditions and Constraints , Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia) . Labour Market Study No. 20
   Google Scholar
• Ram , K. and Ahmed , O.S. 2001 . Skills, Wages and Working Conditions in the Banking Sector , Survey No. 1, Sector Survey Series Dubai : Centre for Labour Market Research and Information (CLMRI), The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Sabbah , F. 1985 . Woman in the Muslim Unconscious , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sabban , R. (u.d.) . “ ‘United Arab Emirates: Migrant Women in the United Arab Emirates; the case of female domestic workers’ ” . GENPROM Working Paper No. 10, Series on Women and Migration Geneva : Gender Promotion Programme, ILO . URL: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/download/swmuae.pdf (accessed 01 February 2005)
   Google Scholar
• Scandura , T.A. and Williams , E.A. 2000 . ‘Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research’ . Academy of Management Journal , 43 (6) : 1248 – 1264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shihab , M. 2001 . “ ‘Economic Development in the UAE’ ” . In United Arab Emirates: a new perspective , Edited by: Al Abed , I. and Hellyer , P. 249 – 259 . London : Trident .
   Google Scholar
• Sigot , A.J. 1995 . “Discourse on Gender and Natural Resource Management” . In Towards Common Ground: Gender and Natural Resource Management in Africa , Edited by: Sigot , A. , Thrupp , L.A. and Green , J. Nairobi : African Centre for Technology Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Skelton , T. and Allen , T. , eds. 1999 . Culture and Global Change , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Tanmia . 2004a . A Strategy for Career Development , Dubai : Employment and Human Resources Report, The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia) .
   Google Scholar
• Tanmia . 2004b . Towards a Strategy for Enhancing Wage Employment of UAE Nationals in the Private Sector , Dubai : Employment and Human Resources Report, The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Tanmia . 2004c . Towards Employable Skills: Reform of Higher Education Programmes , Dubai : Employment and Human Resources Report, The National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority (Tanmia) .
   Google Scholar
• Tohidi , N. 1994 . “ ‘Modernity, Islamization, and Women in Iran’ ” . In Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies , Edited by: Moghadam , V.M. 110 – 147 . London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP . 2002 . Arab Human Development Report 2002 , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , G. 1998 . Educative Assessment , Jossey‐Bass, CA : San Francisco .
   Google Scholar
• Wohlers‐Scharf , T. 1983 . “ ‘Arab and Islamic banking – a short history and a long future’ ” . In Arab Banking and Finance Handbook 1983 , Edited by: Barker , P. 36 – 39 . Bahrain : Falcon .
   Google Scholar
• Worsley , P. 1999 . “ ‘Classic conceptions of culture’ ” . In Culture and Global Change , Edited by: Skelton , T. and Allen , T. 13 – 21 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Yamani , M. , ed. 1996 . Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives , New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , G. 2002 . Retaining the UAE National Employees in the Private Sector: Findings of two Surveys and Lessons to Human Resource Managers , UAE National Labour Force Survey Series, No. 6 Centre for Labour Market Research and Information, Tanmia .
   Google Scholar
• Yousif , A.A. 2001 . “ ‘What are the problems confronting Islamic banking?’ ” . In Arab Banking and Finance Handbook 2001 , Edited by: Gopalakrishnan , V.N. 8 Bahrain : Tele‐Gulf Directory .
   Google Scholar