A convergent neurological and psychoanalytic view of the concept of regression and mental structure in a case of NMDA receptor encephalitis

References

• Anastasopoulos, D. (1988). Acting out during adolescence in terms of regression in symbol formation. International Review of Psychoanalysis, 15, 177–186.
   Google Scholar
• Arlow, J. A. (1979). The genesis of interpretation. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 27S, 193–206.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, L. E., Selinger, S. S., & Koisumi, H. (1981). Limbic regression with derepression of oedipal feelings. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 41, 81–84. doi:10.1007/BF01253044
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Artola, A., & Singer, W. (1987). Long-term potentiation and NMDA receptors in rat visual cortex. Nature, 330, 649–652. doi:10.1038/330649a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, C., Giustetto, M., Huang, Y., Hawkins, R., & Kandel, E. (2000). Is heterosynaptic modulation essential for stabilizing Hebbian plasticity and memory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(1), 11–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, K. G. (1978). The concept of phylogenetic regression. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 6, 5–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Battaglia, F., Benchenane, K., Sirota, A., Pennartz, C., & Wiener, S. (2011). The hippocampus: Hub of brain network communication for memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 310–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, M. R. (2000). The concept of long term potentiation of transmission at synapses. Progress in Neurobiology, 60(2), 109–137. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00006-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, A. (2002). DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes and Development, 16(1), 6–21. doi:10.1101/gad.947102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, A. (2007). Perceptions of epigenetics. Nature, 447, 396–398. doi:10.1038/nature05913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biven, B. M. (1977). A violent solution – the role of skin in a severe adolescent regression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 32, 327–352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blass, R. B. (2011). On the immediacy of unconscious truth: Understanding Betty Joseph's ‘here and now’ through comparison with alternative views of it outside of and within Kleinian thinking. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 92, 1137–1157. doi:10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00361.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993). A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature, 361(6407), 31–39. doi:10.1038/361031a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum, H. P. (1994). The conceptual development of regression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 49, 60–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brenner, C. (1968). Archaic features of ego functioning. The International journal of psycho-analysis, 49, 426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, C. (1998). Beyond the ego and the id revisited. The Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis, 7, 165–180.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, C. (2002). Conflict, compromise formation, and structural theory. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, LXXI, 397–417. doi:10.1002/j.2167-4086.2002.tb00519.x
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, C. (2003). Is the structural model still useful? International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 84, 1003–1096.
   Google Scholar
• Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007). Self-projection and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, W. (2002). The neural basis of Charles Bonnet hallucinations: A hypothesis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 73, 535–541. doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.5.535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, G., Fink, M., Petrides, G., Dowling, F., & Francis, A. (1996a). Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(2), 129–136. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, G., Fink, M., Petrides, G., Dowling, F., & Francis, A. (1996b). Catatonia. II. Treatment with lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(2), 137–143. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09815.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzsáki, G. (1996). The hippocampo-neocortical dialogue. Cerebral Cortex, 6(2), 81–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzsaki, G. (2007). The structure of consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 446, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Buzsáki, G. (2007). The structure of consciousness. Nature, 446, 267–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzsáki, G. (2010). Neural syntax: Cell assemblies, synapsembles, and readers. Neuron, 68, 362–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzsaki, G., & Watson, B. (2012). Brain rhythms and neural syntax: Implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14, 345–367.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calder, K. (1958). Technical aspects of regression during psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 6, 552–559. doi:10.1177/000306515800600309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citri, A., & Malenka, R. C. (2008). Synaptic plasticity: Multiple forms, functions, and mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(1), 18–41. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton, A. (1981). On the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives – IV: Instinctual drives and the Ego-Id-Superego model. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 50, 363–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotman, C.W., Monaghan, D. T., Ottersen, O. P., & Storm-Mathisen, J. (1987). Anatomical organization of excitatory amino acid receptors and their pathways. Trends in Neurosciences, 10, 273–280. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(87)90172-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cull-Candy, S. G., & Leszkiewicz, D. N. (2004). Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Sci STKE, 2004(255), re16. doi:10.1126/stke.2552004re16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalmau, J., Gleichman, A. J., Hughes, E. G., Rossi, J. E., Peng, X., Lai, M., … Lynch, D. R. (2008). Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: Case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurology, 7, 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalmau, J., Tuzun, E., Wu, H. Y., Masjuan, J., Rossi, J. E., Voloschin, A., … Lynch, D. R. (2007). Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Annals of Neurology, 61(1), 25–36. doi:10.1002/ana.21050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diogo, R., Richmond, B. G., & Wood, B. (2012). Evolution and homologies of primate and modern human hand and forearm muscles, with notes on thumb movements and tool use. Journal of Human Evolution, 63(1), 64–78. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling, A. S. (2004). A reconsideration of the concept of regression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 59, 191–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eickhoff, F.-W. (2006). Nachtraglichkeit from the perspective of the phylogenetic factor in Freud's “Moses and Monotheism.” Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review, 29(1), 53–59. doi:10.1080/01062301.2006.10592780
   Google Scholar
• Eisler, E. R. (1937). Regression in a case of multiple phobia. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 6, 86–95.
   Google Scholar
• Erlandsson, K., Bressan, R., Mulligan, R. S., Gunn, R. N., Cunningham, V. J., Owens, J., … Pilowsky, L. S. (2003). Kinetic modelling of [123i]CNS 1261 – a potential SPET tracer for the NMDA receptor. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 30, 441–454. doi:10.1016/S0969-8051(02)00450-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florance, N. R., Davis, R. L., Lam, C., Szperka, C., Zhou, L., Ahmad, S., … Dalmau, J. (2009). Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents. Annals of Neurology, 66(1), 11–18. doi:10.1002/ana.21756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud ( Chap. VI, Vol. 4, pp. 277–488 and Chap. VII, Vol. 5, 509–610). London: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1913). The theme of the three caskets. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 12, pp. 533–549). London: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1916–1917). Introductory lectures, Lecture XXII: Some thoughts on development and regression-aetiology. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 16, pp. 339–357). London: Hogarth Press
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3–63). London: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, A. (1936). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. In The writings of Anna Freud (Vol. 2, p. 196). Oxford: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1938). Totem and taboo. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 13, pp. 1–162). London: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geddes, J. W., Chang-Chui, H., Cooper, S. M., Lott, I. T., & Cotman, C. W. (1986). Density and distribution of NMDA receptors in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research, 399, 156–161. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90611-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn, J. (1965). Sensory determinants of the symbol three. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 422–434. doi:10.1177/000306516501300208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenacre, P. (1960). Regression and fixation: Considerations concerning the development of the ego. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 8, 703–723. doi:10.1177/000306516000800405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubrich-Simitis, I. (1988). Trauma or drive – drive and trauma – a reading of Sigmund Freud's “Phylogenetic Fantasy” of 1915. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 43, 3–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haberny, K. A., Paule, M. G., Scallet, A. C., Sistare, F. D., Lester, D. S., Hanig, J. P., & Slikker, W. (2002). Ontogeny of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system and susceptibility to neurotoxicity. Toxicological Sciences, 68(1), 9–17. doi:10.1093/toxsci/68.1.9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, H. (1956). The mutual influences in the development of ego and id. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 7, 9–30.
   Google Scholar
• Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hobson, A. (2009). The neurobiology of consciousness: Lucid dreaming wakes up. International Journal of Dream Research, 2(2), 41–44.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, R. E. (2008). Auditory/verbal hallucinations, speech perception neurocircuitry, and the social deafferentation hypothesis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 39(2), 87–90. doi:10.1177/155005940803900213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzinger, B., LaBerge, S., & Levitan, L. (2006). Psychophysiological correlates of lucid dreaming. Dreaming, 16(2), 88–95. doi:10.1037/1053-0797.16.2.88
   Google Scholar
• Hübener, M., & Bonhoeffer, T. (2010). Searching for engrams. Neuron, 67, 363–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, N. K. (1976). The social function of intellect. In P. G. Bateson & R. A. Hinde (Eds.), Growing points in ethology (pp. 303–317). Oxford: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inderbitzin, L. B., & Levy, S. T. (2000). Regression and psychoanalytic technique: The concretization of a concept. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, LXIX, 195–223. doi:10.1002/j.2167-4086.2000.tb00561.x
   Google Scholar
• Irani, S. R., Bera, K., Waters, P., Zuliani, L., Maxwell, S., Zandi, M. S., … Vincent, A. (2010). N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis: Temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes. Brain, 133, 1655–1667. doi:10.1093/brain/awq113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. W. (1969). The history of Freud's concepts of regression. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 17, 743–784. doi:10.1177/000306516901700304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, E. R. (2001). The molecular biology of memory storage: A dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 294, 1030–1038. doi:10.1126/science.1067020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, E. R., & Tauc, L. (1965a). Heterosynaptic facilitation in neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. Journal of Physiology, 181(1), 1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, E. R., & Tauc, L. (1965b). Mechanism of heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. Journal of Physiology, 181(1), 28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayser, M. S., Kohler, C. G., & Dalmau, J. (2010). Psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1039–1050. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernberg, O. (1991). Transference regression and psychoanalytic technique with infantile personalities. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72, 189–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. R. (1960). Regression and integration in the analytic setting – a clinical essay on the transference and counter-transference aspects of these phenomena. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 41, 130–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, C., & Laurent, G. (1999). Complexity and the nervous system. Science, 284(5411), 96–98. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalczyk, I., Duggal, N., & Bartha, R. (2012). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the motor cortex in cervical myelopathy. Brain, 135(Pt 2), 461–468. doi:10.1093/brain/awr328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiman, G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2000). Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature, 408, 357–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lashley, K. S. (1988). In search of the engram. Neurocomputing: Foundations of research, 57, 2–31.
   Google Scholar
• Lau, C. G., & Zukin, R. S. (2007). NMDA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 413–426. doi:10.1038/nrn2153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewald, H. W. (1981). Regression: Some general considerations. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 50, 22–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malenka, R. C., & Nicoll, R. A. (1999). Long-term potentiation – a decade of progress? Science, 285, 1870–1874. doi:10.1126/science.285.5435.1870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandler, G., & Shebo, B. J. (1982). Subitizing: An analysis of its component processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111(1), 1–22. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.111.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcovitz, E. (1963). The Concept of the id. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 11, 151–160. doi:10.1177/000306516301100109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaugh, J. L. (2000). Memory – a century of consolidation. Science, 287, 248–251. doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, J. T. (1978). Primary and secondary process in the context of cerebral hemispheric specialization. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 47, 237–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modell, A. H. (1975). The ego and the id fifty years later. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 56, 57–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morehead, D. (1999). Oedipus, Darwin, and Freud: One big, happy family? The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, LXVIII, 347–375. doi:10.1002/j.2167-4086.1999.tb00537.x
   Google Scholar
• Northoff, G., Bogets, B., Leschinger, F. B., Schmeling, C. v., Lenz, C., Heinzel, A., … Böker, H. (2002). Orbitofrontal cortical dysfunction and “sensori-motor regression”: A combined study of fMRI and personal constructs in catatonia. Neuropsychoanalysis, 4, 149–175. doi:10.1080/15294145.2002.10773394
   Google Scholar
• Nunberg, H. (1931). The synthetic function of the ego. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 12, 123–140.
   Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J., & Burgdorf, J. (2003). “Laughing” rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy? Physiology and Behavior, 79, 533–547. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00159-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J., Siviy, S., & Normansell, L. (1985). The psychobiology of play: Theoretical and methodological perspectives. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 465–492. doi:10.1016/0149-7634(84)90005-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penfield, W. (1968). Engrams in the human brain. Mechanisms of memory. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 61, 831.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brains record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86, 595–696. doi:10.1093/brain/86.4.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piazza, M., Mechelli, A., Butterworth, B., & Price, C. J. (2002). Are subitizing and counting implemented as separate or functionally overlapping processes? Neuroimage, 15, 435–446. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilowsky, L. S., Bressan, R. A., Stone, J. M., Erlandsson, K., Mulligan, R. S., Krystal, J. H., & Ell, P. J. (2005). First in vivo evidence of an NMDA receptor deficit in medication-free schizophrenic patients. Molecular Psychiatry, 11(2), 118–119. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piontelli, A. (2010). Development of Normal Fetal Movements gestation. Italia: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Raichle, M. E. (2009). A paradigm shift in functional brain imaging. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 12729–12734. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4366-09.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritvo, L. B. (1965). Darwin as the source of Freud's neo-Lamarckianism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 499–517. doi:10.1177/000306516501300302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Volume 1. Foundations (Vol. 1). London: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sandler, J., & Freud, A. (1983). Discussions with Anna Freud on the ego and the mechanisms of defense: The ego and the id at puberty. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 64, 401–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz-Clemente, A., Nicoll, R. A., & Roche, K. W. (2013). Diversity in NMDA receptor composition: Many regulators, many consequences. The Neuroscientist, 19(1), 62–75. doi:10.1177/1073858411435129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scatton, B. (1993). The NMDA receptor complex. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 7, 389–400. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.1993.tb01036.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 20(1), 11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shopper, M. (1967). Three as a symbol of the female genital and the role of differentiation. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 36, 410–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, J. M. (2008). Do all animals sleep? Trends in Neurosciences, 31, 208–213. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solms, M. (2013). The conscious id. Neuropsychoanalysis: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Psychoanalysis and the Neurosciences, 15(1), 5–19.
   Google Scholar
• Solms, M., & Panksepp, J. (2012). The “id” knows more than the “ego” admits: Neuropsychoanalytic and primal consciousness perspectives on the interface between affective and cognitive neuroscience. Brain Sciences, 2(2), 147–175. doi:10.3390/brainsci2020147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Solms, M., & Saling, M. (1986). On psychoanalysis and neuroscience: Freud's attitude to the localizationist tradition. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 67, 397–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. (2009). The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: A quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 489–510. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkey, P., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). The development of subitizing in young children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13, 399–420. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1995.tb00688.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titulaer, M. J., McCracken, L., Gabilondo, I., Armangué, T., Glaser, C., Iizuka, T., … Dalmau, J. (2013). Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: An observational cohort study. The Lancet Neurology, 12, 157–165. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70310-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuzun, E., Zhou, L., Baehring, J. M., Bannykh, S., Rosenfeld, M. R., & Dalmau, J. (2009). Evidence for antibody-mediated pathogenesis in anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Acta Neuropathologica, 118, 737–743. doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0582-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlhaas, P. J., Pipa, G., Lima, B., Melloni, L., Neuenschwander, S., Nikolic, D., & Singer, W. (2009). Neural synchrony in cortical networks: History, concept and current status. Frontiers Integrative Neuroscience, 3, 17. doi:10.3389/neuro.07.017.2009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varela, F. J., Lachaux, J. P., Rodriguez, E., & Martinerie, J. (2001). The brainweb: Phase synchronization and large-scale integration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 229–239. doi:10.1038/35067550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaliani, R., Mason, W., Ances, B., Zwerdling, T., Jiang, Z., & Dalmau, J. (2005). Paraneoplastic encephalitis, psychiatric symptoms, and hypoventilation in ovarian teratoma. Annals of Neurology, 58, 594–604. doi:10.1002/ana.20614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voss, U., Holzmann, R., Tuin, I., & Hobson, J. A. (2009). Lucid dreaming: A state of consciousness with features of both waking and non-lucid dreaming. Sleep, 32, 1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wandinger, K. P., Saschenbrecker, S., Stoecker, W., & Dalmau, J. (2011). Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: A severe, multistage, treatable disorder presenting with psychosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 231(1–2), 86–91. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westen, D., & Gabbard, G. D. (2002). Developments in cognitive neuroscience: I. conflict, compromise, and connectionism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 50, 53–98. doi:10.1177/00030651020500011501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitlock, J. R., Heynen, A. J., Shuler, M. G., & Bear, M. F. (2006). Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science, 313, 1093–1097. doi:10.1126/science.1128134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena – a study of the first not-me posession. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 34, 89–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1955). Metapsychological and clinical aspects of regression within the psycho-analytical set-up. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 36, 16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1959). Going to hospital with mother. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 40, 62–63.
   Google Scholar