References
- Antilla, L. (2010). Self-censorship and science: A geographical review of media coverage of climate tipping points. Public Understanding of Science, 19(2), 240–256. doi: 10.1177/0963662508094099
- Ayalon, A., Popovich, E., & Yarchi, M. (2016). From warfare to imagefare: How states should manage asymmetric conflicts with extensive media coverage. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(2), 254–273. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2014.897622
- Blasco, A., Pin, P., & Sobbrio, F. (2014). Paying positive to go negative: Advertisers’ competition and media reports. Working Paper DSE No. 772. Bologna: University of Bologna. Retrieved from https://www2.dse.unibo.it/mysql/wp_dsa.phpS
- Blasco, A., and Sobbrio, F. (2012). Competition and commercial media bias. Telecommunications Policy, 36(5), 434–447. doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2011.11.021
- Colistra, R. (2014). Are advertisers potential (and effective) influencers on news content? An examination of TV reporters’ perceptions of extramedia pressures on media content and coverage decisions. Electronic News, 8(2), 83–100. doi: 10.1177/1931243114546445
- Cushion, S., & Lewis, J. (2009). Towards a “foxification” of 24-hour news channels in Britain? An analysis of market-driven and publicly funded news coverage. Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 10(2), 131–153. doi: 10.1177/1464884908100598
- De Smet, D., & Vanormelingen, S. (2010). The advertiser is mentioned twice. Media bias in Belgian newspapers. Mimeo: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
- DellaVigna, S., & Kaplan, E. (2007). The Fox News effect: Media bias and voting. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122, 1187–1234. doi: 10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187
- Department of Treasury. (2013, December 18). Treasury designates Al-Qa’ida supporters in Qatar and Yemen. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254420819_The_Advertiser_is_Mentioned_Twice_Media_Bias_in_Belgian_Newspapers
- Dunaway, J. (2008). Markets, ownership, and the quality of campaign news coverage. The Journal of Politics, 70(04), 1193–1202. doi: 10.1017/S0022381608081140
- Fahmy, S., & Eakin, B. (2014). High drama on the high seas: Peace versus war journalism framing of an Israeli/Palestinian-related incident. International Communication Gazette, 76(1), 86–105. doi: 10.1177/1748048513504046
- Germano, F., & Meier, M. (2013). Concentration and self-censorship in commercial media. Journal of Public Economics, 97, 117–130. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.09.009
- Gibson, O. (2007). Murdoch wants sky news to be more like rightwing fox. Media Guardian, 24 November, Retrieved June 2008, from www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/24/bskyb.television
- Gordon, M. R., & Barnard, A. (2012, December 10). U.S. Places militant Syrian rebel group on list of terrorist organizations. The New York Times.
- Groeling, T. (2008). Who’s the fairest of them all? An empirical test for partisan bias on ABC, CBS, NBC, and fox news. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 38(4), 631–657. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02668.x
- Inside World Football. (2017, March 2). Barca and Qatar airways prepare to land new €50 m sponsorship. Retrieved from http://www.insideworldfootball.com/2017/03/02/barca-qatar-airways-prepare-land-new-e50m-sponsorship/
- Kalb, M. L., & Saivetz, C. (2007). The Israeli—Hezbollah war of 2006: The media as a weapon in asymmetrical conflict. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(3), 43–66. doi: 10.1177/1081180X07303934
- Kean, T. H. (2004). 9–11 Commission report: Final report of the national commission on terrorist attacks upon the United States. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
- Kerr, S. (2015, June 15). Qatar lashes out at “racist” world cup criticism. The Financial Times. Retrieved from www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1752d956-1277-11e5-bcc2-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3usQvMIWd
- Kessler, L. (1989). Women’s magazines’ coverage of smoking related health hazards. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 66(2), 267–276.
- Khalaf, R., & Fielding-Smith, A. (2013, May 26). Qatar bankrolls Syrian revolt with cash and arms. The Financial Times. Retrieved from www.ft.com/cms/s/0/86e3f28e-be3a-11e2-bb35-00144feab7de.html#axzz3Bb0c2wC8
- Kull, S., Ramsay, C., & Lewis, E. (2003). Misperceptions, the media, and the Iraq War. Political Science Quarterly, 118(4), 569–598. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00406.x
- Livingston, S. (1997). Clarifying the CNN effect: An examination of media effects according to type of military intervention. John F. Kennedy School of Government’s Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University. Retrieved from https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/r18_livingston.pdf
- MacArthur, R. J. (1992). The second front: Censorship and propaganda in the gulf war. New York, NY: Hill & Wang.
- Marketing Week. (2015, August). Qatar makes TV debut with sky weather sponsorship (Qatar airways). Retrieved January 25, 2016, from www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-135264475.html
- Mazzetti, M., C. J. Chivers, & Schmitt, E. (2013, June 29). Taking outsize role in Syria, Qatar funnels arms to rebels. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/world/middleeast/sending-missiles-to-syrian-rebels-qatar-muscles-in.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
- McKnight, D. (2010). Rupert Murdoch’s news corporation: A media institution with a mission. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 30(3), 303–316. doi: 10.1080/01439685.2010.505021
- Norton, B. (2016). Leaked Hillary Clinton emails show U.S. allies Saudi Arabia and Qatar supported ISIS. Salon.com. Retrieved May 4, 2017, from http://www.salon.com/2016/10/11/leaked-hillary-clinton-emails-show-u-s-allies-saudi-arabia-and-qatar-supported-isis/.
- Nye, J. S. (1991). Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153–171.
- Price, C. J. (2003). Interfering owners or meddling advertisers: How network television news correspondents feel about ownership and advertiser influence on news stories. The Journal of Media Economics, 16(3), 175–188. doi: 10.1207/S15327736ME1603_3
- Prosor, R. (2014). Club med for terrorists. The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/opinion/qatar-club-med-for-terrorists.html?_r=0
- Reuter, J., & Zitzewitz, E. (2006). Do ads influence editors? Advertising and bias in the financial media. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121( February), 197–227.
- Rinallo, D., & Basuroy, S. (2009). Does advertising spending influence media coverage of the advertiser? Journal of Marketing, 73(6), 33–46. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.73.6.33
- Rinallo, D., Basuroy, S., Wu, R., and Jeon, H. J. (2013). The media and their advertisers: Exploring ethical dilemmas in product coverage decisions. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(3), 425–441. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1353-z
- Ruenzi, S., Focke, F., & Niessen-Ruenzi, A. (2014). A friendly turn: Advertising bias in the news media. Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2014: Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik – Session: Empirical Industrial Organization II, No. E09-V2.
- Samuel-Azran, T. (2006). From Osama Bin-Laden’s mouthpiece to the darling of the alternative media websites: The representation of English Aljazeera. Net in the West. In R. Berenger (Ed.), Cybermedia go to war (pp. 103–114). Spokane, WA: Marquette Books.
- Samuel-Azran, T. (2009). Counterflows and counterpublics: The Al-Jazeera effect on western discourse. Journal of International Communication, 15(1), 56–73. doi: 10.1080/13216597.2009.9674744
- Samuel-Azran, T. (2010). Al Jazeera and US war coverage. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
- Samuel-Azran, T. (2013). Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and new tactics in state-sponsored media diplomacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(9), 1293–1311. doi: 10.1177/0002764213487736
- Samuel-Azran, T. (2016). Intercultural communication as a clash of civilizations. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
- Sheafer, T., & Gabay, I. (2009). Mediated public diplomacy: A strategic contest over international agenda building and frame building. Political Communication, 26(4), 447–467. doi: 10.1080/10584600903297240
- Soley, L. C., & Craig, R. L. (1992). Advertising pressures on newspapers: A survey. Journal of Advertising, 21(4), 1–10. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1992.10673381
- Sweet, G. (2017, March 2). Barcelona flying as they land new £43million sponsorship deal with Qatar Airways. The Sun. Retrieved from https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/2995528/barcelona-flying-as-they-land-new-43million-sponsorship-deal-with-qatar-airways/.
- Sweney, M. (2010, April 28). Leaders’ debate: Nearly 700 complain to Ofcom over treatment of Nick Clegg. The Guardian (London).
- The Media Blog. (2010, April 27). UK media bias: BBC and channel 4 beat sky and ITV on political balance. Retrieved January 25, 2016, from http://themediablog.typepad.com/the-media-blog/2010/04/uk-media-bias-bbc-channel-4-sky-itv-politics-brown-cameron-clegg-230270410.html
- US Energy Information Administration. (2015, October 20). Qatar international energy data and analysis. Retrieved from www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis_includes/countries_long/Qatar/qatar.pdf.
- Warner, K. E., Goldenhar, L. M., & McLaughlin, C. G. (1992). Cigarette advertising and magazine coverage of the hazards of smoking a statistical analysis. New England Journal of Medicine, 326(5), 305–309. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201303260505
- Yarchi, M. (2016). Does using “imagefare” as a state’s strategy in asymmetric conflicts improve its foreign media coverage? The case of Israel. Media, War and Conflict, 9(3), 290–305. doi: 10.1177/1750635215620826