Variability in Sex Attitudes and Sexual Histories Across Age Groups of Bisexual Women and Men in the United States

References

• Balsam, K. F., Beadnell, B., & Riggs, K. R. (2012). Understanding sexual orientation health disparities in smoking: A population-based analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 482–493. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01186.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, M., Richards, C., Jones, R., Bowes-Catton, H., Plowman, T., Yockney, J., & Morgan, M. (2012). The bisexuality-report: Bisexual inclusion in LGBT equality and diversity., Milton Keynes, UK: Open University, Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance and Faculty of Health and Social Care.
   Google Scholar
• Binson, D., & Catania, J. A. (1998). Respondents' understanding of the words used in sexual behavior questions. Public Opinion Quarterly, 62, 190–208. doi:10.1086/297840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehmer, U., Bowen, D. J., & Bauer, G. R. (2007). Overweight and obesity in sexual-minority women: Evidence from population-based data. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1134–1140. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.088419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Cecil, H., Wagstaff, D. A., Pinkerton, S. D., & Abramson, P. R. (2000). Is it “sex”?: College students' interpretations of sexual behavior terminology. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 108–116. doi:10.1080/00224490009552027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick, W. (2012). Assessing bisexual stigma and mental health status: A brief report. Journal of Bisexuality, 12(2), 214–222. doi:10.1080/15299716.2012.674860
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & McCabe, S. E. (2014). Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(1), 35–45. doi:10.1037/h0098851
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, L. (2001). The ambiguity of “having sex”: The subjective experience of virginity loss in the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 38(2), 127–139. doi:10.1080/00224490109552080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra, A., Mosher, W. D., & Copen, C. (2011). Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from 2006–2008 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Report, No 36. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Conron, K. J., Mimiaga, M. J., & Landers, S. J. (2010). A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 100(10), 1953–1960. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.174169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copen S. E., Chandra, A., and Febo-Vazquez, I. (2016). Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation among adults aged 18–44 in the United States: Data from the 2011–2013 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Report, No. 88. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Diamant, A. L., Wold, C., Spritzer, K., & Gelberg, L. (2000). Health behaviors, health status, and access to and use of health care: A population-based study of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women. Archives of Family Medicine, 9(10), 1043–1051. doi:10.1001/archfami.9.10.1043
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Everett, B. G. (2013). Sexual orientation disparities in sexually transmitted infections: Examining the intersection between sexual identity and sexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(2), 225–236. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9902-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H. J., Barkan, S. E., Muraco, A., & Hoy-Ellis, C. P. (2013). Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: Results from a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1802–1809. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galupo, M. P. (2011). Bisexuality: Complicating and conceptualizing sexual identity. Journal of Bisexuality, 11(4), 545–549. doi:10.1080/15299716.2011.620866
   Google Scholar
• Galupo, M. P., Davis, K. S., Grynkiewicz, A. L., & Mitchell, R. C. (2014). Conceptualization of sexual orientation identity among sexual minorities: Patterns across sexual and gender identity. Journal of Bisexuality, 14(3/4), 433–456. doi:10.1080/15299716.2014.933466
   Google Scholar
• Galupo, M. P., Mitchell, R. C., & Davis, K. S. (2015). Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(4), 355–364. doi:10.1037/sgd0000131
   Google Scholar
• Gates, G. (2011). How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender? Retrieved from http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-How-Many-People-LGBTApr-2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gingrich, P. (2004). Introductory statistics for the social sciences. Chapter 11 Measures of Association. Retrieved from http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/ch11a.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gute, G., Eshbaugh, E., & Wiersma, J. (2008). Sex for you, but not for me: Discontinuity in undergraduate emerging adults' definitions of “having sex.” Journal of Sex Research, 45(4), 329–337. doi:10.1080/00224490802398332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, G. W., Jernewall, N., & Zea, M. C. (2004). Giving voice to emerging science and theory for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 187–199. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.187
   Google Scholar
• Hart, S. L., & Bowen, D. J. (2009). Sexual orientation and intentions to obtain breast cancer screening. Journal of Women's Health, 18(2), 177–185. doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010a). Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14–94. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(Suppl. 5), 255–265. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02012.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010b). Sexual behaviors, relationships, and perceived health status among adult women in the United States: Results from a national probability sample. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(Suppl. 5), 277–290. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02010.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., & Glunt, E. K. (1988). An epidemic of stigma: Public reactions to AIDS. American Psychologist, 43(11), 886–891. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.43.11.886
   Google Scholar
• Hill, B. J., Rahman, Q., Bright, D. A., & Sanders, S. A. (2010). The semantics of sexual behavior and their implications for HIV/AIDS research and sexual health: U.S. and U.K. gay men's definitions of having “had sex.” AIDS Care, 22(10), 1245–1251. doi:10.1080/09540121003668128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, A., & Spicer, L. (2013). “Having sex” as a graded and hierarchical construct: A comparison of sexual definitions among heterosexual and lesbian emerging adults in the U.K. Journal of Sex Research, 50(2), 139–150. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.635322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (2015). Health disparities among bisexual people. Retrieved from http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/HRC-BiHealthBrief.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM), Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, Board on the Health of Select Populations. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffries, W. L. (2014). Beyond the bisexual bridge. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 320–329. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, A. S., & Ross, L. K. (2006). Mental health issues: A comparison of lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual women. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(1), 33–57. doi:10.1300/J082v51n01_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, F. A., Brown, D. V., Jr., & Kim, S. M. J. (2014). CE: Addressing health care disparities in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population: A review of best practices. American Journal of Nursing, 114(6), 24–34. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000450423.89759.36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, K., & Ryan, J. M. (2011). Design, development and testing of the NHIS sexual identity question. Retrieved from http://wwwn.cdc.gov/qbank/report/Miller_NCHS_2011_NHIS%20Sexual%20Identity.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nabors, N. A., Hall, R. L., Miville, M. L., Nettles, R., Pauling, M. L., & Ragsdale, B. L. (2001). Multiple minority group oppression: Divided we stand? Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 5(3), 101–105. doi:10.1023/A:1011652808415
   Google Scholar
• The Open University. (2012). The bisexuality report: Bisexual inclusion in LGBT equality and diversity. UK: Barker, M., Richards, C., Jones, R., Bowes-Catton, H., Plowman, T., Yockney, J., & Morgan, M.
   Google Scholar
• Pathela, P., Blank, S., Sell, R. L., & Schillinger, J. A. (2006). The importance of both sexual behavior and identity. American Journal of Public Health, 96(5), 765. doi:10.2105/2FAJPH.2005.079186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathela, P., Hajat, A., Schillinger, J., Blank, S., Sell, R., & Mostashari, F. (2006). Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: A population-based survey of New York City men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145(6), 416–425. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, T. J., & Pfaus, J. G. (2015). Bisexuality and mental health: Future research directions. Journal of Bisexuality, 15(1), 82–98. doi:10.1080/15299716.2014.994694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, Z., & Muehlenhard, C. (2007). What is sex and why does it matter? A motivational approach to exploring individuals' definitions of sex. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 256–268. doi:10.1080/00224490701443932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitts, M., & Rahman, Q. (2001). Which behaviors constitute “having sex” among university students in the U.K.? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30(2), 169–176. doi:10.1023/A:1002777201416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall, H., & Byers, E. S. (2003). What is sex? Students' definitions of having sex, sexual partners, and unfaithful sexual behavior. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 12, 87–96.
   Google Scholar
• Rankin, S., Morton, J., & Bell, M. (2015). Complicated? Bisexual people's experiences and ideas for improving services. Equality Network, LGBTI Equality and Human Rights in Scotland. Retrieved from http://www.equality-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Complicated-Bisexual-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rawlings, M. K., Graff, R. J., Calderon, R., Casey-Bailey, S., & Pasley, M. V. (2006). Differences in perceptions of what constitutes having “had sex” in a population of people living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the National Medication Association, 98, 845–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richters, J., & Song, A. (1999). Australian university students agree with Clinton's definition of sex. British Medical Journal, 318, 1011–1012. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7189.1011a
   Google Scholar
• Ross, L. E., Dobinson, C., & Eady, A. (2010). Perceived determinants of mental health for bisexual people: A qualitative examination. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 496–502. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.156307
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, S. A., Hill, B. J., Yarber, W. L., Graham, C. A., Crosby, R. A., & Milhausen, R. R. (2010). Misclassification bias: Diversity in conceptualisations about having “had sex.” Sexual Health, 7, 31–34. doi:10.1071/SH09068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, S. A., & Reinisch, J. M. (1999). Would you say you “had sex” if…? Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 275–277. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.3.275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell, K. K., & Strassberg, D. S. (2015). How do heterosexual undergraduate students define having sex? A new approach to an old question. Journal of Sex Research, 52(5), 507–516. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.888389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schick, V., Rosenberger, J., Herbenick, D., Collazo, E., Sanders, S. & Reece, M. (2015). The behavioral definitions of ‘having sex with a man’ and ‘having sex with a woman’ identified by women who have engaged in sexual activity with both men and women. Journal of Sex Research. doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1061632
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tomedi, L. E., & Padilla, J. L. (2013). Health inequities by sexual orientation in New Mexico, 2005–2011. New Mexico Department of Health. Retrieved from http://www.nmtupac.com/pdf/LGBT_2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011a). Healthy people 2020—lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=25
   Google Scholar
• Weinrich, J. D. (2014). On the design, development, and testing of sexual identity questions: A discussion and analysis of Kristen Miller and J. Michael Ryan's work for the National Health Interview Survey. Journal of Bisexuality, 14, 502–523. doi:10.1080/15299716.2014.952052
   Google Scholar
• Young, R. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2005). The trouble with “MSM” and “WSW”: Erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse. American Journal of Public Health, 95(7), 1144–1149. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar