974
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Are Major Dissociative Disorders Characterized by a Qualitatively Different Kind of Dissociation?

, , &
Pages 9-24 | Received 16 Jun 2009, Accepted 27 Jul 2010, Published online: 13 Jan 2011

REFERENCES

  • Allen , J. G. , Console , D. A. and Lewis , L. 1999 . Dissociative detachment and memory impairment: Reversible amnesia or encoding failure? . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 40 : 160 – 171 .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : Author . text rev.).
  • Bernstein , D. P. and Fink , L. A. 1998 . CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A retrospective self-report , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
  • Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability and validity of a dissociation scale . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 727 – 735 .
  • Boon , S. and Draijer , N. 1993 . Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: A clinical investigation of 71 patients . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 489 – 494 .
  • Braun , B. G. 1993 . “ Multiple personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Similarities and differences ” . In International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes , Edited by: Wilson , J. P. and Raphael , B. 35 – 47 . New York, NY : Plenum Press .
  • Coons , P. M. , Bowman , E. S. and Milstein , V. 1988 . Multiple personality disorder: A clinical investigation of 50 cases . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 176 : 519 – 527 .
  • Dell , P. F. 1998 . Axis II pathology in outpatients with dissociative identity disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 186 : 352 – 356 .
  • Dell , P. F. 2001 . Why the diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder should be changed . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 2 : 7 – 37 .
  • Dell , P. F. 2002 . Dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 190 : 10 – 15 .
  • Dell , P. F. 2006a . The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID): A comprehensive measure of pathological dissociation . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 7 ( 2 ) : 77 – 106 .
  • Dell , P. F. 2006b . A new model of dissociative identity disorder . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 29 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 .
  • Dell , P. F. 2009 . “ The long struggle to diagnose multiple personality disorder (MPD): Partial MPD ” . In Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM–V and beyond , Edited by: Dell , P. F. and 'Neil , J. A. O . 403 – 428 . New York, NY : Routledge .
  • Dell , P. F. and Lawson , D. 2009 . “ Empirically delineating the domain of pathological dissociation ” . In Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM–V and beyond , Edited by: Dell , P. F. and 'Neil , J. A. O . 667 – 692 . New York, NY : Routledge .
  • Ellason , J. W. , Ross , C. A. and Fuchs , D. L. 1996 . Lifetime Axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma history in dissociative identity disorder . Psychiatry , 59 : 255 – 266 .
  • Franke , G. 1994 . SCL-90-R. Die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis – Deutsche version , Weinheim, Germany : Beltz . [The Symptom Checklist by Derogatis--German Version]
  • Freyberger , H. J. , Spitzer , C. and Stieglitz , R. D. 1999 . FDS, Fragebogen zu dissoziativen symptomen [Dissociative Experience Scale (DES; Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W., 1986) – German modified version] , Göttingen, , Germany : Hogrefe .
  • Gast , U. 2003 . Das Konzept der komplexen dissoziativen Störungen [The concept of major dissociative disorders] . Psychodynamische Psychotherapie , 2 : 1 – 12 .
  • Gast , U. , Dell , P. F. , Rodewald , F. , Müller , M. , Benecke , H. H. and Emrich , H. M. Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID)—German version: Validation of the instrument and first results of a prevalence study . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation . New Orleans, LA. December .
  • Gast , U. , Oswald , P. , Zündorf , F. and Hofmann , A. 2000 . Das Strukturierte Klinische Interview für DSM-IV-Dissoziative Störungen. Interview und Manual [The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders. Interview and Manual] , Göttingen, , Germany : Hogrefe .
  • Gast , U. , Rodewald , F. , Benecke , H.-H. and Driessen , M. 2001 . Deutsche Bearbeitung des Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire] , Hannover, , Germany : Hannover Medical School . Unpublished Manuscript
  • Gast , U. , Rodewald , F. , Dehner-Rau , C. , Kowalewski , E. , Engl , V. , Reddemann , L. and Emrich , H. M. Validation of the German version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID-g) . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation . Chicago, IL. November .
  • Hager , W. 2004 . Testplanung zur statistischen Prüfung psychologischer Hypothesen. Die Ableitung von Vorhersagen und die Kontrolle der Determinanten des statistischen Tests [Planning statistical tests of psychological hypotheses. Deriving predictions and controlling the determinants of statistical tests] , Göttingen, , Germany : Hogrefe .
  • Hilgard , E. 1977 . Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action , New York, NY : Wiley .
  • Holmes , E. A. , Brown , R. J. , Mansell , W. , Fearon , R. P. , Hunter , E. C. M. , Fraquilho , F. and Oakley , D. A. 2005 . Are there two qualitatively distinct forms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications . Clinical Psychology Review , 25 : 1 – 23 .
  • Kluft , R. P. 1987 . First-rank symptoms as a diagnostic clue to multiple personality disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 293 – 298 .
  • Margraf , J. 1994 . Mini-DIPS – Diagnostisches Kurzinterview bei psychischen Störungen [Mini-DIPS-Brief diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders] , Berlin, Germany : Springer .
  • Mombour , W. , Zaudig , M. , Berger , P. , Gutierrez , K. , Berner , W. , Berger , K. and v. Bose , M. 1996 . International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 Modul. Manual mit Interview [International personality disorder examination (IPDE)-German version. Manual and Interview] , Bern, Switzerland : Verlag Hans Huber .
  • Nash , M. R. , Hulsey , T. L. , Sexton , M. C. , Harralson , T. L. and Lambert , W. 1993 . Long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: Perceived family environment, psychopathology, and dissociation . Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology , 61 ( 2 ) : 276 – 283 .
  • Nijenhuis , E. R. S. , Spinhoven , P. , Van Dyck , R. , Van der Hart , O. , Chatrou , M. , Moene , F. and Vanderlinden , J. 1999 . Somatoform dissociation discriminates among diagnostic groups over and above general psychopathology . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 33 : 512 – 520 .
  • Norton , G. R. , Ross , C. A. and Novotny , M. F. 1990 . Factors that predict scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 46 ( 3 ) : 273 – 277 .
  • Putnam , F. W. , Guroff , J. J. , Silberman , E. K. , Barban , L. and Post , R. M. 1986 . The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder. A review of 100 recent cases . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 47 : 285 – 293 .
  • Rodewald , F. 2005 . Diagnostik dissoziativer Störungen [Diagnosis of dissociative disorders] , Hannover, , Germany : Dissertation Thesis. Hannover Medical School .
  • Rodewald , F. and Gast , U. 2005 . Studie zur Validierung des Strukturierten Klinischen Interviews für DSM–IV Dissoziative Störungen (SKID-D). Abschlussbericht DFG-Forschungsprojekt EM 18/16 [Validation-study with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SKID-D). Final Report DFG-Research Project EM 18/16] , Hannover, , Germany : Hannover Medical School .
  • Rodewald , F. , Wilhelm-Gößling , C. , Emrich , H. M. , Reddemann , L. and Gast , U. Comorbid disorders in female patients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative identity disorder not otherwise specified , Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease . in press
  • Ross , C. A. , Miller , S. D. , Reagor , P. , Bjornson , L. , Fraser , G. A. and Anderson , G. 1990 . Schneiderian symptoms in multiple personality disorder and schizophrenia . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 31 ( 2 ) : 111 – 118 .
  • Sandberg , D. A. and Lynn , S. J. 1992 . Dissociative experiences, psychopathology and adjustment, and adolescent maltreatment in female college students . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 101 : 717 – 723 .
  • Şar , V. , Yargiç , I. and Tutkun , H. 1996 . Structured interview data on 35 cases of dissociative identity disorder in Turkey . American Journal of Psychiatry , 153 : 1329 – 1333 .
  • Schneider , K. 1959 . Clinical psychopathology , New York, NY : Grune & Stratton .
  • Steele , K. S. , Dorahy , M. J. , Van der Hart , O. and Nijenhuis , E. R. S. 2009 . “ Dissociation versus alterations in consciousness: Real but different concepts ” . In Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM–V and beyond , Edited by: Dell , P. F. and 'Neil , J. A. O . 155 – 169 . New York, NY : Routledge .
  • Steinberg , M. 1994 . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Dissociative Disorders–Revised (SCID-D–R) , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
  • Steinberg , M. , Hall , P. , Lareau , C. and Cicchetti , D. 2001 . Recognizing the validity of dissociative symptoms and disorders using the SCID-D-R: Guidelines for clinical and forensic evaluations . Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal , 10 ( 2 ) : 225 – 242 .
  • Steinberg , M. , Rounsaville , B. and Cicchetti , D. V. 1990 . The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R Dissociative Disorders: Preliminary report on a new diagnostic instrument . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 76 – 81 .
  • Tillman , J. G. , Nash , M. R. and Lerner , P. M. 1994 . “ Does trauma cause dissociative pathology? ” . In Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives , Edited by: Lynn , S. J. and Rhue , J. W. 395 – 414 . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
  • Van der Hart , O. , Nijenhuis , E. , Steele , K. and Brown , D. 2004 . Trauma-related dissociation: Conceptual clarity lost and found . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 38 : 906 – 914 .
  • Van IJzendoorn , M. H. and Schuengel , C. 1996 . The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) . Clinical Psychology Review , 16 : 365 – 382 .
  • Waelde , L. C. , Silvern , L. and Fairbank , J. A. 2005 . A taxometric investigation of dissociation in Vietnam veterans . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 18 : 359 – 369 .
  • Waller , N. G. , Putnam , F. W. and Carlson , E. 1996 . Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences . Psychological Methods , 1 : 300 – 321 .
  • Waller , N. G. and Ross , C. A. 1997 . The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 106 : 499 – 510 .
  • Watson , D. 2003 . Investigating the construct validity of the dissociative taxon: Stability analyses of normal and pathological dissociation . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 112 : 298 – 305 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.