Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale in a sample of Italian adolescents

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, J. G., Putnam, F. W., Carlson, E. B., Libero, D. Z., & Smith, S. R. (1997). Development and validation of a measure of adolescent dissociation: The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 491–497. doi:10.1097/00005053-199708000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere, J. (1996). Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC): Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, S. R., & Cheek, J. M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality, 54, 106–148. doi:10.1111/jopy.1986.54.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner, R., Parzer, P., Schuld, V., & Resch, F. (2000). Dissociative symptomatology and traumatogenic factors in adolescent psychiatric patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 71–77. doi:10.1097/00005053-200002000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caretti, V., Craparo, G., Ragonese, N., & Schimmenti, A. (2005). Disregolazione affettiva, trauma e dissociazione in un gruppo non clinico di adolescenti. Una prospettiva evolutiva [Affect dysregulation, trauma, and dissociation in a nonclinical group of adolescents: A developmental perspective]. Infanzia e Adolescenza: Psicodinamica e Psicopatologia, 4, 170–178.
   Google Scholar
• Caretti, V., Craparo, G., & Schimmenti, A. (2006). Fattori di rischio della dipendenza patologica in adolescenza [Risk factors of pathological addiction in adolescence]. Infanzia e Adolescenza: Psicodinamica e Psicopatologia, 5, 160–169.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, E. B., Dalenberg, C. J., & McDade-Montez, E. (2012). Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder part I: Definitions and review of research. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4, 479–489. doi:10.1037/a0027748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabrol, H., Saint-Martin, C., Sejourné, N., & Moyano, O. (2009). Contributions des symptomes dissociatifs aux comportements antisociaux dans uné chantillon d’adolescents scolariès [Contribution of dissociative symptoms to antisocial behavior in a sample of high-school students]. L’Encéphale, 35, 52–56. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2007.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Blasi, M., Cavani, P., Pavia, L., Lo Baido, R., La Grutta, S., & Schimmenti, A. (2015). The relationship between self-image and social anxiety in adolescence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 74–80. doi:10.1111/camh.2015.20.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutra, L., Bureau, J., Holmes, B., Lyubchik, A., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2009). Quality of early care and childhood trauma: A prospective study of developmental pathways to dissociation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 383–390. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a653b7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrington, A., Waller, G., Smerden, J., & Faupel, A. W. (2001). The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale: Psychometric properties and difference in scores across age groups. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 722–727. doi:10.1097/00005053-200110000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heir, T., Piatigorsky, A., & Weisaeth, L. (2009). Longitudinal changes in recalled perceived life threat after a natural disaster. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 510–514. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck Seeley, S. M., Perosa, S. L., & Perosa, L. M. (2004). A validation study of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 755–769. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisiel, C. L., & Lyons, J. S. (2001). Dissociation as a mediator of psychopathology among sexually abused children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1034–1039. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madigan, S., Vaillancourt, K., McKibbon, A., & Benoit, D. (2012). The reporting of maltreatment experiences during the adult attachment interview in a sample of pregnant adolescents. Attachment & Human Development, 14, 119–143. doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.661230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., & Peeters, E. (2003). The links between the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), fantasy proneness, and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 18–24. doi:10.1097/00005053-200301000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson, D., & Svedin, C. G. (2006). Dissociation among Swedish adolescents and the connection to trauma: An evaluation of the Swedish version of Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 684–689. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000235774.08690.dc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, J. R., Sroufe, L. A., Weinfield, N. S., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (1997). Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 855–879. doi:10.1017/S0954579497001478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2009). Identity processes and quality of emotional autonomy: The contribution of two developmental tasks on middle-adolescents’ subjective well-being. Identity, 9, 323–340. doi:10.1080/15283480903422798
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W. (1993). Dissociative disorders in children: Behavioral profiles and problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 39–45. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(93)90006-Q
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W. (1997). Dissociation in children and adolescents: A developmental perspective. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, B. S. (2000). Exposure to community violence in adolescence: Trauma symptoms. Adolescence, 35, 271–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2013). The psychological and psychiatric effects of terrorism: Lessons from London. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36, 339–350. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sar, V., Onder, C., Kilincaslan, A., Zoroglu, S. S., & Alyanak, B. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder among adolescents: Prevalence in a university psychiatric outpatient unit. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15, 402–419. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.864748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmenti, A., Albasi, C., Lasorsa, C., Porcellini, E., & Granieri, A. (2005). Relazione tra sintomi post-traumatici ed esperienze dissociative: Studi preliminari su un campione non clinico di adolescenti di 12–14 anni [The relationship between posttraumatic symptoms and dissociative experiences: Preliminary studies on a nonclinical sample of adolescents ages 12–14 years]. AIP - Sezione Di Psicologia Clinica, 7, 87–89.
   Google Scholar
• Schimmenti, A., & Bifulco, A. (2015). Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: The role of attachment styles. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20(1), 41–48. doi:10.1111/camh.2015.20.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J.-U., Jeong, S. H., & Chung, U.-S. (2009). The Korean version of the Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale: Psychometric properties and the connection to trauma among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Investigation, 6, 163–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. R., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Reliability and validity of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 9, 125–129.
   Google Scholar
• Soukup, J., Papežová, H., Kuběna, A. A., & Mikolajová, V. (2010). Dissociation in non-clinical and clinical sample of Czech adolescents: Reliability and validity of the Czech version of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. European Psychiatry, 25, 390–395. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Tolmunen, T., Maaranen, P., Hintikka, J., Kylmä, J., Rissanen, M., Honkalampi, K., & Laukkanen, E. (2007). Dissociation in a general population of Finnish adolescents. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 614–617. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e318093f487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, F. S. (2008, April). What’s really going on with this child? Understanding and treating traumatized children with dissociation. Presentation at the first biannual conference of the European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshizumi, T., Hamada, S., Kaida, A., Katafumi, G., & Murase, S. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Japanese adolescents from a community sample. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 11, 322–336. doi:10.1080/15299731003786454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Jager-Hyman, S., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2008). The course of dissociation for patients with borderline personality disorder and Axis II comparison subjects: A 10-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118, 291–296. doi:10.1111/acp.2008.118.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. (2006). The passage to adulthood: Challenges of late adolescence. New Directions for Youth Development, 2006, 13–28. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1537-5781
   Google Scholar
• Zoroglu, S. S., Sar, V., Tuzun, U., Tutkun, H., & Savas, H. A. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 56, 551–556. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.01053.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar