Child abuse and neglect in complex dissociative disorder, abuse-related chronic PTSD, and mixed psychiatric samples

References

• Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Boon, S., & Draijer, N. (1993). Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: A clinical investigation of 71 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 489–494.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6, 16–27.
   Google Scholar
• Coons, P. M. (1994). Confirmation of childhood abuse in child and adolescent cases of multiple personality disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 461–464. doi:10.1097/00005053-199408000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., & Spiegel, D. (2012). Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 550–588. doi:10.1037/a0027447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell, P. F. (2006). The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID): A comprehensive measure of pathological dissociation. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 7, 77–106. doi:10.1300/J229v07n02_06
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorahy, M. J., Brand, B. L., Şar, V., Kruger, C., Stavropoulos, P., Martinez-Taboas, A., … Middleton, W. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 402–417. doi:10.1177/0004867414527523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M. J., Middleton, W., Seager, L., McGurrin, P., Williams, M., & Chambers, R. (2015). Dissociation, shame, complex PTSD, child maltreatment and intimate relationship self-concept in dissociative disorder, chronic PTSD and mixed psychiatric groups. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 195–203. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M. J., Shannon, C., Seagar, L., Corr, M., Stewart, K., Hanna, D., & Middleton, W. (2009). Auditory hallucinations in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia with and without a childhood trauma history: Similarities and differences. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 892–898. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181c299ea
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draijer, N., & Langeland, W. (1999). Childhood trauma and perceived parental dysfunction in the etiology of dissociative symptoms in psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 379–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, D., & Golinkoff, M. (1990). MPD, borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: A comparative study of clinical features. Dissociation, 3, 127–134.
   Google Scholar
• Foote, B., Smolin, Y., Kaplan, M., Legatt, M. E., & Lipschitz, D. (2006). Prevalence of dissociative disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 623–629. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foote, B., Smolin, Y., Neft, D. I., & Lipschitz, D. (2008). Dissociative disorders and suicidality in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 29–36. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31815fa4e7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowke, A., Ross, S., & Ashcroft, K. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and internalized shame in adults with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19, 450–457. doi:10.1002/cpp.v19.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haferkamp, L., Bebermeier, A., Möllering, A., & Neuner, F. (2015). Dissociation is associated with emotional maltreatment in a sample of traumatized women with a history of child abuse. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 16, 86–99. doi:10.1080/15299732.2014.959149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harder, D. W., & Lewis, S. J. (1987). The assessment of shame and guilt. In C. Spielberger & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 6, pp. 89–114). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, S. M., Dorahy, M. J., Vertue, F., & Duthie, S. (2012). Childhood psychological maltreatment and perception of self, others, and relationships: A phenomenological exploration. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21, 237–255. doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.665428
   Google Scholar
• Herman, J. L., Perry, J. C., & Van Der Kolk, B. A. (1989). Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 490–495. doi:10.1176/ajp.146.4.490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh, H. J., Kim, S.-Y., Yu, J. J., & Chae, J.-H. (2014). Childhood trauma and adult interpersonal relationship problems in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13:26. doi:10.1186/s12991-014-0026-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapeleris, A. R., & Paivio, S. C. (2011). Identity and emotional competence as mediators of the relation between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult love relationships. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 617–635. doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.595764
   Google Scholar
• Karan, E., Niesten, I. J. M., Frankenburg, F. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Zanarini, M. C. (2014). The 16-year course of shame and its risk factors in patients with borderline personality disorder. Personality and Mental Health, 8, 169–177. doi:10.1002/pmh.1258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall-Tackett, K. (2002). The health effects of childhood abuse: Four pathways by which abuse can influence health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 715–729. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00343-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, J. S., Chu, J. A., & Dill, D. L. (1993). Correlates of dissociative symptomatology in patients with physical and sexual abuse histories. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34, 258–263. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90008-R
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, D. O., Yeager, C. A., Swica, Y., Pincus, J. H., & Lewis, M. (1997). Objective documentation of child abuse and dissociation in 12 murderers with dissociative identity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1703–1710. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.12.1703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, R. J., & Putnam, F. W. (1990). The clinical phenomenology of males with MPD: A report of 21 cases. Dissociation, 3, 135–143.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, K., Thomas, M. L., MacDonald, T. M., & Sciolla, A. F. (2015). A perfect childhood? Clinical correlates of minimization and denial on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 988–1009. doi:10.1177/0886260514539761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton, W., & Butler, J. (1998). Dissociative identity disorder: An Australian series. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 794–804. doi:10.3109/00048679809073868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz, A., Schafer, I., & Dorahy, M. J. (Eds.). (2008). Psychosis, trauma and dissociation: Emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology. Chichester, England: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W., Guroff, J. J., Silberman, E. K., Barban, L., & Post, R. M. (1986). The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: Review of 100 recent cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 285–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A., Ferrell, L., & Schroeder, E. (2014). Co-occurrence of dissociative identity disorder and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15, 79–90. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.834861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A., Heber, S., Norton, G. R., Anderson, D., Anderson, G., & Barchet, P. (1989). The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule: A structured interview. Dissociation, 2, 169–189.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A., & Ness, L. (2010). Symptom patterns in dissociative identity disorder patients and the general population. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 11, 458–468. doi:10.1080/15299732.2010.495939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A., Norton, G. R., & Wozney, K. (1989). Multiple personality disorder: An analysis of 236 cases. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 413–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şar, V., Akyüz, G., & Doğan, O. (2007). Prevalence of dissociative disorders among women in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 149, 169–176. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sar, V., Akyuz, G., Kugu, N., Ozturk, E., & Ertem-Vehid, H. (2006). Axis I dissociative disorder comorbidity in borderline personality disorder and reports of childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 1583–1590. doi:10.4088/JCP.v67n1014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahar, B., Doron, G., & Szepsenwol, O. (2014). Childhood maltreatment, shame-proneness and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder: A sequential mediational model. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. doi:10.1002/cpp.1918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snell, W. E., Schicke, M., & Arbeiter, T. (1996). The Multidimensional Relationship Questionnaire: Psychological dispositions associated with intimate relations. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Sudbrack, R., Manfro, P. H., Kuhn, I. M., de Carvalho, H. W., & Lara, D. R. (2015). What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger and weaker: How childhood trauma relates to temperament traits. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 62, 123–129. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Polcari, A., & McGreenery, C. E. (2006). Sticks, stones, hurtful words: Relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 993–1000. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tezcan, E., Atmaca, M., Kuloglu, M., Gecici, O., Buyukbayram, A., & Tutkun, H. (2003). Dissociative disorders in Turkish inpatients with conversion disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44, 324–330. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00087-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varia, R., & Abidin, R. R. (1999). The minimizing style: Perceptions of psychological abuse and quality of past and current relationships. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 1041–1055. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00083-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller, N. G., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1, 300–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, M., Heisler, D., Call, S., Chickering, S. A., & Colburn, T. A. (2007). Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 1143–1153. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webermann, A. R., Brand, B. L., & Chasson, G. S. (2014). Childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence in dissociative disorder patients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, 24568. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yargiç, L. I., Şar, V., Tutkun, H., & Alyanak, B. (1998). Comparison of dissociative identity disorder with other diagnostic groups using a structured interview in Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39, 345–351. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90046-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar