Through the lens of attachment relationship: Stable DID, active DID and other trauma-based mental disorders

References

• Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: Assessed in the strange situation and at home. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bentovim, A. (1995). Trauma-organized systems: Physical and sexual abuse in families. London, UK: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child’s tie to his mother. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 350–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1979). On knowing what you are not supposed to know and feeling what you are not supposed to feel. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 403–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1984). Violence in the family as a disorder of the attachment and caregiving systems. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 44, 9–27. doi:10.1007/BF01255416
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brand, B. L., Loewenstein, R. J., & Spiegel, D. (2014). Dispelling myths about dissociative identity disorder treatment: An empirically based approach. Psychiatry, 77 (2), 169–189. doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, B. L., McNary, S. W., Myrick, A. C., Classen, C. C., Lanius, R., Loewenstein, R. J., … Putnam, F. W. (2013). A longitudinal, naturalistic study of dissociative disorder patients treated by community clinicians. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 5, 301–308. doi:10.1037/a0027654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, B. L., Myrick, A. C., Loewenstein, R. J., Classen, C. C., Lanius, R., McNary, S. W., … Putnam, F. W. (2012). A survey of practices and recommended treatment interventions among expert therapists treating patients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 4, 490–500. doi:10.1037/a0026487
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, J. (2011). Rebuilding shattered lives (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Courtois, C. A. (1999). Recollections of sexual abuse: Treatment principles and guidelines. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Courtois, C. A. (2010). Healing the incest wound (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• De Zulueta, F. (1993). From pain to violence. London, UK: Whurr Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M., Brand, B. L., Sar, V., Krüger, C., Stavropoulos, P., Martínez-Taboas, A., … Middleton, W. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 402. doi:10.1177/0004867414527523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M., Middleton, W., Seager, L., Williams, M., & Chambers, R. (2016). Child abuse and neglect in complex dissociative disorder, abuse-related chronic PTSD, and mixed psychiatric samples. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 17, 223–236. doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1077916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escolas, S. M., Arata-Maiers, R., Hildebrandt, E. J., Maiers, A. J., Mason, S. T., & Baker, M. T. (2012). The impact of attachment style on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in postdeployed service members. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, July/Sept. 2012, 54–61.
   Google Scholar
• Green, A. (1986). The dead Mother. In A. Green (Ed.), On private madness. London, UK: Hogarth.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse, E. (1996). Discourse, memory, and the adult attachment interview: A note with emphasis on the emerging cannot classify category. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 4–11. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, E. (2005). The dissociative mind. Mahwah, NJ: Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation. (2011). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults, third revision. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12, 115–187. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.537247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahr, B. (2007). Infanticidal attachment. Attachment: New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis, 1, 117–132.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laing, R. D., & Esterson, A. (1964). Sanity, madness and the family. London, UK: Tavistock Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Lidz, T. (1973). The origin and treatment of schizophrenic disorders. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Liotti, G. (1999). Understanding the dissociative processes: The contribution of attachment theory. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 19 (5), 757–783. doi:10.1080/07351699909534275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, M. (2016). Reducing the cost of dissociative identity disorder: Measuring the effectiveness of specialized treatment by frequency of contacts with mental health services. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 17 (3), 362–370. doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1108947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, H. Z., Beeghly, M., Grant-Knight, W., Augustyn, M., Woods, R. W., Cabral, H., … Frank, D. A. (2008). Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 20 (2), 493–508. doi:10.1017/S0954579408000643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main, M. (1995). Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for clinical work. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 407–474). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In M. Yogman, & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), Affective development in infancy (pp. 95–124). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
   Google Scholar
• Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth strange situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research and intervention (pp. 121–160). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Middleton, W. (2013a). Parent-child incest that extends into adulthood: A survey of international press reports, 2007-11. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 14, 184–197. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.724341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton, W. (2013b). Ongoing incestuous abuse during adulthood. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 14, 251–272. doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.736932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, A. (2012). Healing the unimaginable. London, UK: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mollon, P. (1993). The fragile self: The structure of narcissistic disturbance. London, UK: Whurr Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Niederland, W. (1961). The Problem of the survivor. In H. Krystal (Ed.), Massive psychic trauma 1968. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nijenhuis, E. R. S. (2015). The trinity of trauma: Ignorance, fragility, and control Volume I & II. Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
   Google Scholar
• Nye, E. C., Katzman, J., Bell, J. B., Kilpatrick, J., Brainard, M., & Haaland, K. Y. (2008). Attachment organization in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Attachment & Human Development, 10 (1), 41–57. doi:10.1080/14616730701868613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pines, D. (1993). The impact of the holocaust on the second generation. In D. Pines (Ed.), A woman’s unconscious use of her body – A psychoanalytical perspective. London, UK: Virago.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, S. (2012). in First Person Plural (Producer) (2012). A logical way of being: The reality of dissociative identity disorder (DVD). Wolverhampton, UK: First Person Plural.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A. (2004). Schizophrenia: Innovations in diagnosis and treatment. New York, NY: The Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, C. A. (2007). The trauma model: A solution to the problem of comorbidity in psychiatry. Richardson, TX: Manitou Communications.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, A. (2007). Infanticidal attachment: Symbolic and concrete. Attachment: New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis, 3, 297–304.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, A. (2008). Intergenerational transmission of massive trauma: The holocaust. In J. Yellin, & O. Bedouk-Epstein (Eds.), Terror within and without: Attachment and disintegration: Clinical work on the edge 2013. London, UK: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, A. (2011). As thick as thieves, or The ritual abuse family: An attachment perspective on a forensic relationship. In V. Sinason (Ed.), Attachment, trauma and multiplicity (2nd ed.). Hove, UK: Brunner-Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, A. (2013). Still being hurt: The vicious cycle of dissociative disorders, attachment and ongoing abuse. Attachment: New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis, 7, 90–100.
   Google Scholar
• Salter, M. (2013). Organised sexual abuse. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Schore, A. (1994). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Schore, A. (2001). The effects of early relational trauma on right brain development, affect regulation and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 201–269. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shefet, R. (1994). Filial commitment as an impossible task in the children of Holocaust survivors. Sihot-Dialog, 9, 23–27.
   Google Scholar
• Sigal, J. (1971). Second-generation effects of massive psychic trauma. In H. Krystal, & W. Niederland (Eds.), Psychic traumatisation. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Steele, K., Van der Hart, O. & Nijenhuis, E. R. S. (2005). Phase-oriented treatment of structural dissociation in complex traumatisation: Overcoming trauma-related phobias. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(3), 11–53.
   Google Scholar
• Stern, D. (1998). The interpersonal world of the infant. London, UK: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• Suttie, I., & Suttie, J. (1932). The mother: Agent or object? British Journal of Medical Psychology, 12, 199–233. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1932.tb01075.x
   Google Scholar
• Van der Hart, O., Van der Kolk, B. A., & Boon, S. (1998). Treatment of dissociative disorders. In J. D. Bremner & C. R. Marmar (Eds.), Trauma, memory, and dissociation (pp. 253–283). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Steele, K. (2006). The haunted self. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. (1958). The capacity to be alone. In D. Winnicott (Ed.), The maturational process and the facilitating environment (1990). London, UK: Karnac.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. (1960). The theory of the parent-infant relationship. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 41, 585–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. (1967). Mirror role of mother and family in child development. In D. Winnicott (Ed.), Playing and reality. London, UK: Tavistock Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. (1971). Playing and reality. London, UK: Tavistock publication.
   Google Scholar