A comparison of risk factors for various forms of trauma in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth

References

• Bender, K., Brown, S. M., Thompson, S. J., Ferguson, K. M., & Langenderfer, L. (2014). Multiple victimizations before and after leaving home associated with PTSD, depression, and substance use disorder among homeless youth. Child Maltreatment, 20, 115–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidell, M. P. (2014). Is there an emotional cost of completing high school? Ecological factors and psychological distress among LGBT homeless youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 61, 366–381. doi:10.1080/00918369.2013.842426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouris, A., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Pickard, A., Shiu, C., Loosier, P. S., Dittus, P., … Waldmiller, J. M. (2010). A systematic review of parental influences on the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: Time for a new public health research and practice agenda. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 31, 273–309. doi:10.1007/s10935-010-0229-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, D., Stall, R., Fata, A., & Campbell, R. T. (2014). Modeling minority stress effects on homelessness and health disparities among young men who have sex with men. Journal of Urban Health, 91, 568–580. doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9876-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burwick, A., Oddo, V., Durso, L., Friend, D., & Gates, G. J. (2014). Identifying and serving LGBTQ youth: Case studies of runaway and homeless youth program grantees. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, S. K., Wilson, B. D. M., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. J. (2015). Serving our youth 2015: The needs and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth experiencing homelessness. The Williams Institute. Retrieved February 3, 2016 (http://eprints.cdlib.org/uc/item/1pd9886n#page-1).
   Google Scholar
• Coates, J., & McKenzie-Mohr, S. (2010). Out of the frying pan, into the fire: Trauma in the lives of homeless youth prior to and during homelessness. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 37, 65–96.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, B. N., Stewart, A. J., Ginzler, J. A., & Cauce, A. M. (2002). Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 773–777. doi:10.2105/AJPH.92.5.773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennett, S. T., Bailey, S. L., & Federman, E. B. (1999). Social network characteristics associated with risky behaviors among runaway and homeless youth. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 63–78. doi:10.2307/2676379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogel, K. F., Martin, L., Nelson, B., Thomas, M., & Portia, C. M. (2017). “We’re automatically sex in men’s eyes, we’re nothing but sex…”: Homeless young adult perceptions of sexual exploitation. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 10, 151–160. doi:10.1007/s40653-016-0094-z
   Google Scholar
• Gattis, M. N. (2013). An ecological systems comparison between homeless sexual minority youths and homeless heterosexual youths. Journal of Social Service Research, 39, 38–49. doi:10.1080/01488376.2011.633814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan, J., & McCarthy, B. (1997). Mean streets: Youth crime and homelessness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heerde, J. A., & Hemphill, S. A. (2016). Sexual risk behaviors, sexual offenses, and sexual victimization among homeless youth: A systematic review of associations with substance use. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 17, 468–489. doi:10.1177/1524838015584371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, E. (2008). What’s good for the gays is good for the gander: Making homeless youth housing safer for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Family Court Review, 46, 543–557. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1617.2008.00220.x
   Google Scholar
• Kelleher, C. (2009). Minority stress and health: Implications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22, 373–379. doi:10.1080/09515070903334995
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, S., & Shahar, G. (2008). Resilience in homeless youth: The key role of self-esteem. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 163–172. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.78.2.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, N., & Ensel, W. M. (1989). Life stress and health: Stressors and resources. American Sociological Review, 54, 382–399. doi:10.2307/2095612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2015). Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2, 209–213. doi:10.1037/sgd0000132
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Homeless Education (NCHE) and the National Association for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth (NAEHCY). (October 2010). Definitions of homelessness for federal programs serving children, youth, and families. Retrieved 15 June 2014 (http://center.serve.org/nche/ibt/sc_eligibility.php).
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 241–256. doi:10.2307/2136956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rew, L., Whittaker, T. A., Taylor-Seehafer, M. A., & Smith, L. R. (2005). Sexual health risks and protective resources in gay, lesbian, and bisexual, and heterosexual homeless youth. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 10, 11–19. doi:10.1111/jspn.2005.10.issue-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmitz, R. M., & Tyler, K. A. (2017). LGBTQ+ young adults on the street and on campus: Identity as a product of social context. Journal of Homosexuality. doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1314162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A. (2008). A comparison of risk factors for sexual victimization among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual homeless young adults. Violence & Victims, 23, 586–602. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., & Beal, M. R. (2010). The high-risk environment of homeless young adults: Consequences for physical and sexual victimization. Violence & Victims, 25, 101–115. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.25.1.101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., & Cauce, A. M. (2002). Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 1261–1274. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00413-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., Gervais, S. J., & Davidson, M. M. (2013). The relationship between victimization and substance use among homeless and runaway female adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 474–493. doi:10.1177/0886260512455517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., Hoyt, D. R., & Whitbeck, L. B. (2000). The effects of early sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among female homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 235–250. doi:10.1177/088626000015003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., & Melander, L. A. (2009). Discrepancies in reporting of physical and sexual abuse among homeless youth. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18, 513–531. doi:10.1080/10538710903183360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., & Whitbeck, L. B. (2004). Lost childhoods: Risk and resiliency among runaway and homeless adolescents. In P. Allen-Meares, & M. W. Fraser (Eds), Intervention with children & adolescents: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 378–397). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Walls, N. E., & Bell, S. (2011). Correlates of engaging in survival sex among homeless youth and young adults. Journal of Sex Research, 48, 423–436. doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.501916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B., Chen, X., Hoyt, D. R., Tyler, K. A., & Johnson, K. D. (2004). Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. The Journal of Sex Research, 41, 329–342. doi:10.1080/00224490409552240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B., & Simons, R. L. (1990). Life on the streets: The victimization of runaway and homeless adolescents. Youth & Society, 22, 108–125. doi:10.1177/0044118X90022001007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar