489
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

How to Right a Wrong: Empirically Evaluating Whether Victim, Offender, and Assault Characteristics can Inform Rape Kit Testing Policies

, , , , &
Pages 288-303 | Received 12 Jan 2017, Accepted 10 Nov 2018, Published online: 09 May 2019

References

  • Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical data analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Ahrens, C. E., Swavola, L., & Dahlgren, A. (2016). Comprehensive technical report of the joyful heart foundation victim notification project. Retrieved from http://web.csulb.edu/~cahrens/JHF_Technical_Report_FINAL.pdf
  • Ballou, S., Stolorow, M., Taylor, M., Bamberger, P. S., Brown, L., Brown, R., … Stoiloff, S. (2013, April). The biological evidence preservation handbook: Best practices for evidence handlers. National Institute of Standards and Technology. National Institute of Justice. doi:10.6028/NIST.IR.7928
  • Butler, J. M. (2005). Forensic DNA typing: Biology, technology, and genetics of STR markers (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Campbell, R. (2008). The psychological impact of rape victims’ experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Psychologist, 68, 702–717. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.702
  • Campbell, R., Feeney, H., Fehler-Cabral, G., Shaw, J., & Horsford, S. (2017). The national problem of untested sexual assault kits (SAKs): Scope, causes, and future direction for research, policy, and practice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(4), 363–376. doi:10.1177/1524838015622436
  • Campbell, R., Fehler-Cabral, G., Pierce, S. J., Sharma, D. B., Bybee, D., Shaw, J., … Feeney, H. (2015). The Detroit sexual assault kit (SAK) action research project. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Campbell, R., Pierce, S. J., Sharma, D. B., Feeney, H., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2016a). Should rape kit testing be prioritized by victim-offender relationship? Criminology & Public Policy, 15(2), 555–583. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12205
  • Campbell, R., Pierce, S. J., Sharma, D. B., Feeney, H., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2016b). Developing empirically informed policies for sexual assault kit DNA testing: Is it too late to test kits beyond the statute of limitations? Criminal Justice Policy Review. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0887403416638507.
  • Campbell, R., Shaw, J., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2015). Shelving justice: The discovery of thousands of untested rape kits in Detroit. City and Community, 14, 151–166. doi:10.1111/cico.12108
  • Department of Justice (DOJ). (2013). A national protocol for sexual assault medical forensic examinations: Adults & adolescents (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Estrich, S. (1987). Real rape. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Human Rights Watch. (2009). Testing justice: The rape kit backlog in Los Angeles city and county. New York, NY: Author.
  • Jobling, M. A., & Gill, P. (2004). Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5, 739–752. doi:10.1038/nrg1455
  • Jordan, J. (2004). The word of a woman? Police, rape, and belief. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan.
  • Joyful Heart Foundation. (2017). Joyful heart welcomes first-ever national standards for handling sexual assault kits [Press release]. Retrieved from http://endthebacklog.org/joyful-heart-welcomes-first-ever-national-standards-handling-sexual-assault-kits#overlay-context=use
  • Kelley, K. D., & Campbell, R. (2013). Moving on or dropping out: Police processing of adult sexual assault cases. Women & Criminal Justice, 23, 1–18. doi:10.1080/08974454.2013.743365
  • Kertetter, W. A. (1990). Gateway to justice: Police and prosecutorial response to sexual assaults against women. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 81, 267–313. doi:10.2307/1143908
  • Lonsway, K. A., & Archambault, J. (2012). The “justice gap” for sexual assault cases: Future directions of research and reform. Violence Against Women, 18, 145–169. doi:10.1177/1077801212440017
  • Lovrich, N. P., Pratt, T. C., Gaffney, M. J., Johnson, C. L., Asplen, C. H., Hurst, L. H., & Schellberg, T. M. (2004). National forensic DNA study report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
  • Martin, P. Y. (2006). Rape work: Victims, gender and emotions in organization and community context. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • McMillan, L., & White, D. (2015). “Silly girls” and “nice young lads”: Vilification and vindication in the perceptions of medico-legal practitioners in rape cases. Feminist Criminology, 10(3), 279–298. doi:10.1177/1557085115578163
  • Patterson, D., & Campbell, R. (2010). Why rape survivors participate in the criminal justice system. Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 191–205. doi:10.1002/jcop.v38:2
  • Peterson, J., Johnson, D., Herz, D., Graziano, L., & Oehler, T. (2012). Sexual assault kit backlog study. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
  • R Development Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.1.1) [Computer Program]. Vienna, Austria: R foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
  • Rape Abuse and Incest National Network [RAINN]. (2016). Sexual assault kit initiative helps states erase rape kit backlogs [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.rainn.org/news/sexual-assault-kit-initiative-helps-states-erase-rape-kit-backlogs
  • Reilly, S. (2015, July 16). Tens of thousands of rape kits go untested across USA. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/07/16/untested-rape-kits-evidence-across-usa/29902199/.
  • Schwartz, M. D. (2010). Police investigation of rape: Roadblocks and solutions. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
  • Singer, M., Lovell, R., & Flannery, D. (May 2016). Cost savings and effectiveness of the Cuyahoga county sexual assault kit task force. Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education, Case Western University. Retrieved from http://begun.case.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cost-Savings-and-Cost-Effectiveness-Brief-1.pdf
  • Smith, C. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2013). Dangerous safe havens: Institutional betrayal exacerbates sexual trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(1), 119–124. doi:10.1002/jts.21778
  • Smith, C. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2014). Institutional betrayal. American Psychologist, 69(6), 575–587. doi:10.1037/a0037564
  • Spohn, C., & Tellis, K. (2012). The criminal justice system’s response to sexual violence. Violence Against Women, 18, 169–192. doi:10.1177/1077801212440020
  • Strom, K. J., & Hickman, M. J. (2010). Unanalyzed evidence in law-enforcement agencies: A national examination of forensic processing in police departments. Criminology & Public Policy, 9, 381–404. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00635.x
  • Tellis, K. M., & Spohn, C. (2008). The sexual stratification hypothesis revisited: Testing assumptions about simple versus aggravated rape. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 252–261. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.006
  • U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). American Fact Finder. Retrieved from: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF
  • Venema, R. (2014). Police officer schema of sexual assault reports: Real rape, ambiguous cases, and false reports. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(5), 872–899. doi:10.1177/0886260514556765
  • Wells, W., Campbell, B. C., & Franklin, C. (2016). Unsubmitted sexual assault kits in Houston, TX: Case characteristics, forensic testing results, and the investigation of CODIS hits. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.