Peritraumatic dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder in individuals exposed to armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo

References

• Association, A. P., Crocq, M.-A., Guelfi, J.-D., Boyer, P., Pull, C.-B., & Pull-Erpelding, M.-C. (2015). DSM-5: Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux ( [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]). Issy-les-Moulineaux, France : Elsevier Masson.
   Google Scholar
• Baeyens, C. (2003). Secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder: Challenging psychological debriefings. L’Encephale, 29(6), 535–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennet, A., & Taiwo, E. (2017). L’implication des puissances régionales en République Démocratique du Congo. [The involvement of regional powers in Democratic Republic of Congo] (Travail de Master et Magistère du M.R.I.A.E. Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbone). Retrieved from: https://www.diploweb.com/IMG/pdf/v2_exposes_mriae.pdf#page=45.
   Google Scholar
• Bernat, J. A., Ronfeldt, H. M., Calhoun, K., & Arias, I. (1998). Prevalence of traumatic events and peritraumatic predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(4), 645–664. doi:10.1023/A:1024485130934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmes, P. (2001). L’état de stress post-traumatique : la dissociation péritraumatique comme facteur de vulnérabilité. [Post-traumatic stress disorder: Peritraumatic dissociation as a factor of vulnerability] (Doctoral Thesis. Université de Toulouse 2). Retrieved from: http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU2A002
   Google Scholar
• Birmes, P., Brunet, A., Benoit, M., Defer, S., Hatton, L., Sztulman, H., & Schmitt, L. (2005). Validation of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire self-report version in two samples of French-speaking individuals exposed to trauma. European Psychiatry, 20(2), 145–151. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmes, P., Sztulman, H., & Schmitt, L. (2002). Dissociation péritraumatique et état de stress post-traumatique: Etude prospective de six mois. [Peritraumatic dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: Six-month prospective study]. Revue francophone du stress et du trauma, 2(1), 45–52.
   Google Scholar
• Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8(1), 75‑90. doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, E. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(8), 669–673. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00033-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boni, T. (2011). Solidarité et insécurité humaine : Penser la solidarité depuis l’Afrique, [Solidarity and human insecurity: Thinking about solidarity from Africa]. Diogène, (235–236), 95–108. doi:10.3917/dio.235.0095
   Google Scholar
• Bouvard, M., & Cottraux, J. (2010). Protocoles et échelles d’évaluation en psychiatrie et psychologie. [Protocols and scales of evaluation in psychiatry and psychology]. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France : Elsever Masson.
   Google Scholar
• Breh, D. C., & Seidler, G. H. (2007). Is PD a Risk Factor for PTSD? Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 8(1), 53–69. doi:10.1300/J229v08n01_04
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bremner, J. D., Southwick, S., Brett, E., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & Charney, D. S. (1992). Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam Combat Veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(3), 328–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau, N., Chen, Q., & Luo, Z. (2013). The role of intelligence in posttraumatic stress disorder: Does it vary by trauma severity? PloS One, 8(6), e65391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R. (1997). Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(11), 1044–1048. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230082012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748–766. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.68.5.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet, A. (1996). Expositions récurrentes aux événements traumatiques: Inoculation ou vulnérabilité croissante? Santé mentale au Québec, 21(1), [Recurrent exposures to traumatic events: inoculation or increasing vulnerability?], 145. doi:10.7202/032384ar
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson, E. B., Dalenberg, C., & McDade-Montez, E. (2012). Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder part I: Definitions and review of research. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(5), 479–489. doi:10.1037/a0027748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté, L. (1996). Les facteurs de vulnérabilité et les enjeux psychodynamiques dans les réactions post-traumatiques. [Vulnerability factors and psychodynamic issues in post-traumatic reactions]. Santé mentale au Québec, 21, 209–228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crocq, L. (1999). Traumatismes psychiques de guerre (Les). [Warpsychic tramas] Paris : Odile Jacob.
   Google Scholar
• Furaha Mirindi, G. (2016). La scolarité et l’emploi des femmes en RD Congo [Women‘s education and employment in the DR Congo]. Communication presented at ‟Séminaire sur la coopération”, organized by Management School-Liège Université. 24 November 2016. Liège.
   Google Scholar
• Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Madan, A., Neylan, T. C., Henn-Haase, C., & Marmar, C. R. (2011). Peritraumatic and trait dissociation differentiate police officers with resilient versus symptomatic trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(5), 557–000000000000565. doi:10.1002/jts.20684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guay, S., Marchand, A., Jehel, L. L., Martin, M., Germain, V., Séguin-Sabouraud, A., & Brunet, A. (2006). Les troubles liés aux événements traumatiques: dépistage, évaluation et traitements. [Disorders related to traumatic events: screening, evaluation and treatments] PUM.
   Google Scholar
• Kédia, M. (2009). La dissociation: Un concept central dans la compréhension du traumatisme. L’ Évolution Psychiatrique, 74(4), [Dissociation: a central concept in the understanding of trauma], 487–496. doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2009.09.013
   Google Scholar
• Kikumbi, A. L., & Depaepe, M. (2018). L’Éducation des filles congolaises au maquis de Mulele: Arme de libération ou force d’(auto) destruction? [Education of Congolese girls in the Mulelemaquis: Weapon of liberation or force of (self) destruction?]. Historical Studies in Education/Revue d’histoire de l’éducation, 30(1), 141–162.
   Google Scholar
• Lalonde, F. (2011). État de stress post-traumatique comorbide, facteurs de risque et de protection parmi des individus itinérants en traitement pour des troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances. [Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder, risk and protective factors among homeless individuals in treatment for substance use disorders] (Doctoral Thesis. Université de Montréal). Retrieved from: https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/5148
   Google Scholar
• Lensvelt-Mulders, G., van der Hart, O., van Ochten, J. M., van Son, M. J. M., Steele, K., & Breeman, L. (2008). Relations among PD and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1138–1151. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louville, P., & Salmona, M. (2013). Traumatismes psychiques: Conséquences cliniques et approche neurobiologique. [Psychological trauma: clinical consequences and neurobiological approach]. Retrieved from https://www.memoiretraumatique.org/assets/files/v1/Documents-pdf/Louville-Salmona-syndrome-sychotraumatique.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., Jordan, B. K., Kulka, R. A., & Hough, R. L. (1994). PD and Posttraumatic Stress in Male Vietnam Theater Veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(6), 902–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, A., & Marchand, A. (2003). Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder: PD, negative emotions and physical anxiety among french-speaking university students. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(2), 49–63. doi:10.1300/J229v04n02_04
   Google Scholar
• Mihigo, I. M., & Bashige, C. B. (2017). Abandon scolaireau Sud-Kivu. [School drop-out in South Kivu]. Formation Profession, 25(2), 49–64.
   Google Scholar
• Oquendo, M., Brent, D. A., Birmaher, B., Greenhill, L., Kolko, D., Stanley, B., … Mann, J. J. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depression: Factors mediating the association with suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(3), 560–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sareen, J. (2014). Posttraumatic stress disorder in adults: Impact, comorbidity, risk factors, and treatment. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(9), 460–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed, S., Iacoviello, B. M., & Charney, D. S. (2015). Risk factors for the development of psychopathology following trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(8), 70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2010). Dissociation Following Traumatic Stress. Zeitschriftfür Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 218(2), 109–127. doi:10.1027/0044-3409/a000018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapia, G., Clarys, D., El-Hage, W., & Isingrini, M. (2007). Les troubles cognitifs dans le Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Une revue de la littérature. [Cognitive Impairment in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Literature Review]. L’Année psychologique, 107(3), 489–523.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, G. (2018). Intérêts et limites des hospitalisations séquentielles dans la prise en charge des états de stress post-traumatique. [Interests and limitations of sequential hospitalization in the management of posttraumatic stress disorder]. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 176(5), 511–514. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2018.03.004
   Google Scholar
• Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B. (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 959–992. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versporten, A., Zech, E., De Soir, E., & Van Oyen, H. (2006). Etude de l’impact de la catastrophe de Ghislenghien sur l’état de Stress Post-Traumatique et sur la santé de la population. [Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder during a technological disaster]. IPH/EPI Reports, (2006–025).
   Google Scholar
• Yao, S.-N., Cottraux, J., Note, I., De Mey-Guillard, C., Mollard, E., & Ventureyra, V. (2003). Évaluation des états de stress post-traumatique : Validation d’une échelle, la PCLS. [Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Assessment: Scaling Validation, PCLS]. L’Encéphale, 29(3), 232–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yiaslas, T. A., Kamen, C., Arteaga, A., Lee, S., Briscoe-Smith, A., Koopman, C., & Gore-Felton, C. (2014). The Relationship between sexual trauma, peritraumatic dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder, and hiv-related health in hiv-positive men. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(4), 420–435. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.873376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar