The relationship between ICD-11 PTSD, complex PTSD and dissociative experiences

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Brand, B. L., & Stadnik, R. (2013). What contributes to predicting change in the treatment of dissociation: Initial levels of dissociation, PTSD, or overall distress? Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 14, 328–341. doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.736929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R. (2003). Current perspectives in psychology. Posttraumatic stress disorder: Malady or myth? New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Maercker, A., Bryant, R. A., … Reed, G. M. (2017). A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and Complex PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 58, 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere, J., Scott, C., & Weathers, F. (2005). Peritraumatic and persistent dissociation in the presumed etiology of PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(12), 2295–2301. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardeña, E. B., & Carlson, E. B. (2011). Acute stress disorder revisited. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 245–267. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, E. B., Waelde, L. C., Palmieri, P. A., Macia, K. S., Smith, S. R., & McDade-Montez, E. (2018). Development and validation of the dissociative symptoms scale. Assessment, 25, 84–98. doi:10.1177/1073191116645904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., & Karatzias, T. (2018). The international trauma questionnaire: Development of a self-report measure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 138, 536–546. doi:10.1111/acps.12956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M. J., Corry, M., Shannon, M., Webb, K., McDermott, B., Ryan, M., & Dyer, K. F. (2013). Complex trauma and intimate relationships: The impact of shame, guilt and dissociation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147, 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorahy, M. J., Middleton, W., Seager, L., McGurrin, P., Williams, M., & Chambers, R. (2015). Dissociation, shame, complex PTSD, child maltreatment and intimate relationship self-concept in dissociative disorder, chronic PTSD and mixed psychiatric groups. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 195–203. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, C. J. E., & Resick, P. A. (2016). Predicting three types of dissociation in female survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 17(3), 267–285. doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1079807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Downes, A. J., Jumbe, S., … Roberts, N. P. (2017). Factorial and discriminant validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the new international trauma questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136, 231–338. doi:10.1111/acps.12771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatzias, T., Power, K., Brown, K., & McGoldrick, T. (2010). Posttraumatic symptomatology and dissociation in outpatients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11, 83–92. doi:10.1080/15299730903143667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M., Fyvie, C., Hyland, P., Efthimiadou, E., Wilson, D., … Cloitre, M. (2016). An initial psychometric assessment of an ICD-11 based measure of PTSD and complex PTSD (ICD-TQ): Evidence of construct validity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 73–79. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, S. M., Forman, E., Mendelsohn, M., & Herman, J. (2008). Attending to dissociation: Assessing change in dissociation and predicting treatment outcome. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 9(3), 301–319. doi:10.1080/15299730802139063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons-Ruth, K., Yellin, C., Melnick, S., & Atwood, G. (2003). Childhood experiences of trauma and loss have different relations to maternal unresolved and hostile- helpless states of mind on the AAI. Attachment & Human Development, 5(4), 330–352. doi:10.1080/14616730310001633410
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy, S., Elklit, A., Murphy, J., Hyland, P., & Shevlin, M. (2017). A cross-lagged panel study of dissociation and posttraumatic stress in a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(10), 1370–1381. doi:10.1002/jclp.22439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, J., Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., Murray, J., Ay, M., Ehlers, A., & Mayou, R. A. (2002). Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder : Two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363–368. doi:10.1192/bjp.180.4.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W., Carlson, E. B., Ross, C. A., Anderson, G., Clark, P., Torem, M., … Braun, B. G. (1996). Patterns of dissociation in clinical and nonclinical samples. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(11), 673–679. doi:10.1097/00005053-199611000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Steele, K. (2005). Dissociation: An insufficiently recognized major feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 413–423. doi:10.1002/jts.20049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Steele, K. (2006). The haunted self: Structural dissociation and the treatment of chronic traumatization. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Kolk, B. A. (1987). Psychological Trauma. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• van Dijke, A., Ford, J. D., Frank, L. E., & Van der Hart, O. (2015). Association of childhood complex trauma and dissociation with complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adulthood. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 16, 428–441. doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1016253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013). The life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov
   Google Scholar
• Werner, K. B., & Griffin, M. G. (2012). Peritraumatic and persistent dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a female cohort. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 401–407. doi:10.1002/jts.21725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, E. J., Lunney, C. A., Miller, M. W., Resick, P. A., Friedman, M. J., & Schnurr, P. P. (2012). The dissociative subtype of PTSD: A replication and extension. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 679–688. doi:10.1002/da.21946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Reardon, A. F., Ryabchenko, K. A., Castillo, D., & Freund, R. (2012). A latent class analysis of dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for a dissociative subtype. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 698–705. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). The ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. Retrieved from https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en.
   Google Scholar