A Network Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction, Psychological Factors, and Body Dissociation between Individuals with and without Sexual Trauma Histories

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (5th ed., text rev. ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
   Google Scholar
• Barlow, D. H. (1986). Causes of sexual dysfunction: The role of anxiety and cognitive interference. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.54.2.140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, E. R., Seehuus, M., Clifton, J., & Rellini, A. H. (2014). Dissociation during sex and sexual arousal in women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(5), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0191-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsboom, D. (2008). Latent variable theory. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspectives, 6(1–2), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366360802035497
   Google Scholar
• Brandtner, A., Antons, S., King, D. L., Potenza, M. N., Tang, Y. Y., Blycker, G. R., Brand, M., & Liebherr, M. (2022). A preregistered, systematic review considering mindfulness-based interventions and neurofeedback for targeting affective and cognitive processes in behavioral addictions. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 29(4), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, R., Dworkin, E., & Cabral, G. (2009). An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women’s mental health. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10(3), 225–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838009334456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor, D., Fisher, B., Chibnall, S., Harps, S., Townsend, R., Thomas, G., Lee, H., Kranz, V., Herbison, R., & Madden, K. (2019). Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and misconduct. The Association of American Universities.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalheira, A., Price, C., & Neves, C. F. (2017). Body awareness and bodily dissociation among those with and without sexual difficulties: Differentiation using the scale of body connection. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(8), 801–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2017.1299823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellini, G., Sauro, C. L., Ricca, V., & Rellini, A. H. (2017). Body esteem as a common factor of a tendency toward binge eating and sexual dissatisfaction among women: The role of dissociation and stress response during sex. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(8), 1036–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Maas, H. L. J. V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09991567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, E. R., Krahé, B., & Zinzow, H. (2021). The global prevalence of sexual assault: A systematic review of international research since 2010. Psychology of Violence, 11(5), 497–508. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2012). Qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i04
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epskamp, S., & Fried, E. I. (2018). A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Psychological Methods, 23(4), 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feiring, C., Simon, V. A., & Cleland, C. M. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse, stigmatization, internalizing symptoms, and the development of sexual difficulties and dating aggression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flack, W. F., Daubman, K. A., Caron, M. L., Asadorian, J. A., D’Aureli, N. R., Gigliotti, S. N., Hall, A. T., Kiser, S., & Stine, E. R. (2007). Risk factors and consequences of unwanted sex among university students: Hooking up, alcohol, and stress response. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260506295354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foygel, R., & Drton, M. (2010). Extended Bayesian information criteria for gaussian graphical models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 23, 2020–2028.
   Google Scholar
• Fruchterman, T. M. J., & Reingold, E. M. (1991). Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Software: Practice and Experience, 21(11), 1129–1164. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewirtz-Meydan, A., & Opuda, E. (2022). The impact of child sexual abuse on men’s sexual function: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(1), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020939134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, K. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual problems: A new view of assessment and treatment. Feminism & Psychology, 18(4), 546–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353508095536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, S. A., & Kraus, S. W. (2009). Exploring the relationship between erotic disruption during the latency period and the use of sexually explicit material, online sexual behaviors, and sexual dysfunctions in young adulthood. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 16(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160902724228
   Google Scholar
• Jones, P. J., Ma, R., & McNally, R. J. (2021). Bridge centrality: A network approach to understanding comorbidity. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 56(2), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilimnik, C. D., & Meston, C. M. (2016). Role of body esteem in the sexual excitation and inhibition responses of women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(11), 1718–1728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooiman, C. G., Ouwehand, A. W., & Ter Kuile, M. M. (2002). The sexual and physical abuse questionnaire (SPAQ): A screening instrument for adults to assess past and current experiences of abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(9), 939–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-21340200363-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kratzer, L., Heinz, P., Schennach, R., Knefel, M., Schiepek, G., Biedermann, S. V., & Büttner, M. (2022). Sexual symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse: A network analysis. Psychological Medicine, 52(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., & Rosen, R. C. (1999). Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. JAMA, 281(6), 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.6.537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent, S. M., & Simons, A. D. (2009). Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: Conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(7), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. M., & Follette, V. M. (2002). Sexual functioning in women reporting a history of child sexual abuse: Review of the empirical literature and clinical implications. Annual Review of Sex Research, 13, 346–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leserman, J., Drossman, D. A., & Li, Z. (1995). The reliability and validity of a sexual and physical abuse history questionnaire in female patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.1995.9933752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. W., Fugl-Meyer, K. S., Corona, G., Hayes, R. D., Laumann, E. O., Moreira, E. D., Rellini, A. H., & Segraves, T. (2010). Definitions/epidemiology/risk factors for sexual dysfunction. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(4, Part 2), 1598–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01778.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters, N. T., Casey, E., Wells, E. A., & Morrison, D. M. (2013). Sexual scripts among young heterosexually active men and women: Continuity and change. The Journal of Sex Research, 50(5), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.661102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, R. J. (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, R. J. (2021). Network analysis of psychopathology: Controversies and challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092850
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medina-Perucha, L., Yousaf, O., Hunter, M. S., & Grunfeld, E. A. (2017). Barriers to medical help-seeking among older men with prostate cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 35(5), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2017.1312661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meston, C. M. (2006). The effects of state and trait self-focused attention on sexual arousal in sexually functional and dysfunctional women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(4), 515–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mestre-Bach, G., Blycker, G. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2022). Behavioral therapies for treating female sexual dysfunctions: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobre, P. J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2009). Cognitive schemas associated with negative sexual events: A comparison of men and women with and without sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(5), 842–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9450-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, C., & Nobre, P. J. (2013). The role of trait-affect, depression, and anxiety in women with sexual dysfunction: A pilot study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 39(5), 436–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.665813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascoal, P., Narciso, I., & Pereira, N. M. (2012). Predictors of body appearance cognitive distraction during sexual activity in men and women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 2849–2860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02893.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peixoto, M. M., & Nobre, P. (2014). Dysfunctional sexual beliefs: A comparative study of heterosexual men and women, gay men, and lesbian women with and without sexual problems. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11(11), 2690–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, C. J. (2007). Dissociation reduction in body therapy during sexual abuse recovery. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 13(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2006.08.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price, C. J., & Thompson, E. A. (2007). Measuring dimensions of body connection: Body awareness and bodily dissociation. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(9), 945–953. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, C. J., Thompson, E. A., Cheng, S. C., & Aguilera, A. I. (2017). Scale of body connection: A multi-sample construct validation study. PLOS ONE, 12(10), e0184757. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulverman, C. S., Kilimnik, C. D., & Meston, C. M. (2018). The impact of childhood sexual abuse on women’s sexual health: A comprehensive review. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 6(2), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Rellini, A. H., & Meston, C. M. (2011). Sexual self-schemas, sexual dysfunction, and the sexual responses of women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(2), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9694-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, D. T., Fetterolf, J. C., & Rudman, L. A. (2012). Eroticizing inequality in the United States: The consequences and determinants of traditional gender role adherence in intimate relationships. The Journal of Sex Research, 49(2–3), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.653699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). Social functioning: Sexual problems measures. In A. L. Stewart & J. E. Ware (Eds), Measuring functioning and well-being: The medical outcomes study approach (pp. 194–204). Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shifren, J. L., Monz, B. U., Russo, P. A., Segreti, A., & Johannes, C. B. (2008). Sexual problems and distress in United States women: Prevalence and correlates. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112(5), 970–978. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181898cdb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. G., Zhang, X., Basile, K. C., Merrick, M. T., Wang, J., Kresnow, M., & Chen, J. (2018). The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2015 data brief–updated release. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/2015data-brief508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Staples, J., Eakins, D., Neilson, E. C., George, W. H., Davis, K. C., & Norris, J. (2016). Sexual assault disclosure and sexual functioning: The role of trauma symptomatology. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(10), 1562–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staples, J., Rellini, A. H., & Roberts, S. P. (2012). Avoiding experiences: Sexual dysfunction in women with a history of sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(2), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9773-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Borkulo, C. D., van Bork, R., Boschloo, L., Kossakowski, J. J., Tio, P., Schoevers, R. A., Borsboom, D., & Waldorp, L. J. (2022). Comparing network structures on three aspects: A permutation test. Psychological Methods, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, D. L., & Heath, P. J. (2016). Men, masculinities, and help-seeking patterns. In APA handbook of men and masculinities (pp. 685–707). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14594-031
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., Olfson, M., Villegas, L., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Liu, S.-M., & Blanco, C. (2013). A characterization of adult victims of sexual violence: Results from the national epidemiological survey for alcohol and related conditions. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76(3), 223–240. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2013.76.3.223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yehuda, R., Lehrner, A., & Rosenbaum, T. Y. (2015). PTSD and sexual dysfunction in men and women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(5), 1107–1119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zebrack, B. J., Foley, S., Wittmann, D., & Leonard, M. (2010). Sexual functioning in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 19(8), 814–822. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar