532
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Lab-Scale Treatability Tests for the Thermal Desorption of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

, &
Pages 433-456 | Published online: 08 Feb 2013

References

  • Andreottola , G. and Tatàno , F. 1996 . “ Thermal desorption processes: An innovative technology for contaminated soils ” . In Proceedings of the 7th ISWA International Congress , 291 – 300 . Japan : Pacifico Yokohama . October 27–November 1), I/
  • ANPA (Italian Environmental Protection Agency) . 2001 . Analytical Methods of Compost , Rome , , Italy : Handbook and Standard Series No. 3/2001 . (in Italian)
  • APAT (Italian Environmental Protection Agency and Technical Services) . 2005a . Protocol for the Application of In-situ Chemical Oxidation Rome , , Italy available at http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/site/it-IT/Temi/Siti_contaminati/ (in Italian)
  • APAT . 2005b . Application of In-situ Technologies for Aquifer Remediation with Injection of Chemical Compounds and Reagents Rome available at http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/site/it-IT/Temi/Siti_contaminati/ (in Italian)
  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) . 1995 . Toxicological Profile for Fuel Oils , Atlanta , , GA, USA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service .
  • Ayen , R. J. , Palmer , C. R. and Swanstrom , C. P. 1994 . “ Thermal desorption ” . In Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation: Theory and Application of Innovative Technologies , Edited by: Wilson , D. J. and Clarke , A. N. 265 – 310 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
  • Ayen , R. J. , Hoeffner , S. L. and Navratil , J. D. 1995 . “ Thermal treatments ” . In Remediation of Contaminated Soils: Industrial Sites and Landfills , Environmental Series Edited by: de Fraja Frangipane , E. and Tatàno , F. Vol. 14 , 289 – 339 . Milan , , Italy : C.I.P.A. Publisher . (in Italian)
  • Belloso , C. O. 2003 . “ In situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by autochthonous microorganisms: a full-scale project ” . In In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation 2003, Proceedings of the Seventh International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (Orlando, FL, June) , Edited by: Magar , V. S. and Kelley , M. E . Columbus , OH : Battelle Press . paper O-08
  • Bruner , F. 1993 . Gas Chromatographic Environmental Analysis: Principles, Techniques, Instrumentation , New York : Wiley-VCH Publishers, Inc. .
  • Bucalá , V. , Saito , H. , Howard , J. B. and Peters , W. A. 1994 . Thermal treatment of fuel-oil contaminated soils under rapid heating conditions . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 1801 – 1807 .
  • CEN (European Committee for Standardization) . 2002 . Geotechnical Investigation and Testing - Identification and Classification of Soil - Part 1: Identification and Description Geneva EN ISO 14688-1, August
  • Commission of the European Communities . 2006 . Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for the Protection of Soil and Amending Directive 2004/35/EC Brussels COM(2006) 232 final, 2006/0086 (COD), September 22
  • D’Aprile , L. , Tatàno , F. and Musmeci , L. 2007 . Development of quality objectives for contaminated sites: State of the art and new perspectives . International Journal of Environment and Health , 1 : 120 – 141 .
  • Davis , E. L. 1997 . How Heat Can Enhance In-situ Soil and Aquifer Remediation: Important Chemical Properties and Guidance on Choosing the Appropriate Technique , Washington , DC : USEPA . Ground Water Issue Paper, EPA/540/S-97/502, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
  • EEA (European Environment Agency) . 2007 . Soil Indicators–Progress in Management of Contaminated Sites (CSI 015), August 2007 Assessment Copenhagen available at http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-sites
  • EEA . 2010 . The European Environment: State and Outlook 2010: Soil , Copenhagen : EEA .
  • Falciglia , P. P. , Giustra , M. G. and Vagliasindi , F. G.A. 2011a . Soil texture affects adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of contaminants in ex situ remediation by thermal desorption of diesel-contaminated soils . Chemistry and Ecology , 27 : 119 – 130 .
  • Falciglia , P. P. , Giustra , M. G. and Vagliasindi , F. G.A. 2011b . Low-temperature thermal desorption of diesel polluted soil: Influence of temperature and soil texture on contaminant removal kinetics . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 185 : 392 – 400 .
  • Federambiente . 2010 . Report 2010 on Remediation of Contaminated Sites Rome 3rd ed., Italian Association of Environmental Public Services, (in Italian)
  • Fischer , B. and Köchling , P. 1994 . “ Thermische Bodensanierung. ” . In Praxisratgeber Altlastensanierung Augsburg , , Germany Teil 8/4.6, WEKA Fachverlag für technische Führungskräfte GmbH
  • FRTR (Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable) . 2002 . Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide Version 4.0, available at http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/toppage.html
  • George , C. E. , Azwell , D. E. , Adams , P. A. , Rao , G. V.N. and Averett , D. E. 1995 . Evaluation of steam as a sweep gas in low temperature thermal desorption processes used for contaminated soil clean up . Waste Management , 15 : 407 – 416 .
  • Gilot , P. , Howard , J. B. and Peters , W. A. 1997 . Evaporation phenomena during thermal decontamination of soils . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 : 461 – 466 .
  • Italian Ministry of Environment . 1999 . Technical Regulation on Clean-up and Environmental Rehabilitation of Contaminated Sites According to art. 17 of Law No. 22/1997 Rome Italian Ministerial Decree No. 471/1999, Italian Official Bulletin No. 293, December 15, (in Italian)
  • Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry . 2000 . “ Chemical Analytical Methods of Soil ” . In Edited by the National Committee for Pedology and Soil Quality in Cooperation with the International Union of Soil Sciences and the Italian Society of Soil Science, Series of Agricultural Analytical Methods , Edited by: Sequi , P. Milan , , Italy : Franco Angeli Publisher . (in Italian)
  • ITRC (Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation) . 1996 . Technical Requirements for On-Site Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Non-Hazardous Soils Contaminated with Petroleum/Coal Tar/Gas Plant Wastes , Low Temperature Thermal Desorption Task Group . available at http://www.itrcweb.org
  • Iturbe , R. , Flores , R. M. and Torres , L. G. 2003 . Soil and water contamination levels in an out-of-service oil distribution and storage station in Michoacan, Mexico . Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , 146 : 261 – 281 .
  • Jackson , M. L. 1965 . Soil Chemical Analysis , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall, Inc. .
  • Keyes , B. R. and Silcox , G. D. 1994 . Fundamental study of the thermal desorption of toluene from montmorillonite clay particles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 840 – 849 .
  • Korfiatis , G. P. and Christodoulatos , C. 1993 . “ Treatability studies as a remedial option screening tool for contaminated soils ” . In Remediation , 395 – 412 . Autumn .
  • Kostecki , P. T. , Calabrese , E. and Nascarella , M. 2002 . Survey of states’ 2001 soils clean-up standards for petroleum contamination . Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal , 11 : 117 – 239 .
  • Kuo , J. 1999 . Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation , Boca Raton , , FL, USA : Lewis Publishers .
  • LaGrega , M. D. , Buckingham , P. L. and Evans , J. C. 2001 . Hazardous Waste Management, 2nd ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc. .
  • Larsen , F. S. , Silcox , G. D. and Keyes , B. R. 1994 . The development of a thermal treatment assessment procedure for soils contaminated with hydrocarbons . Combustion Science and Technology , 101 : 443 – 459 .
  • Lee , J. K. , Parka , D. , Kimb , B. , Dongb , J. and Lee , S. 1998 . Remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils by fluidized thermal desorption . Waste Management , 18 : 503 – 507 .
  • Legislative Decree No. 152/2006 . Environmental Framework Regulation , Rome : Annex of the Italian Official Bulletin . No. 88, April 14, (in Italian)
  • Lighty , J. S. , Silcox , G. D. , Pershing , D. W. , Cundy , V. A. and Linz , D. G. 1990 . Fundamentals for the thermal remediation of contaminated soils: Particle and bed desorption models . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 24 : 750 – 757 .
  • Maguire , V. , Svrcek , W. Y. , Mehrotra , A. K. and Razzaghi , M. 1995 . A study of interactions between soil fractions and PAH compounds in thermal desorption of contaminated soils . The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 73 : 844 – 853 .
  • Majone , M. , Beretta , G. P. , Raffaelli , L. , Musmeci , L. and Mininni , G. 2006 . “ The situation of remediation of contaminated sites in Italy ” . In Environment: Technologies, Control and Standardization for the Recovery and Valorization of Materials and Energies, Proceedings of the Seminars of “Ecomondo 2006, 10th International Trade Fair of Material & Energy Recovery and Sustainable Development,” , Edited by: Morselli , L. Vol. 316-2 , 193 – 198 . Rimini , , Italy : Environment and Territory Series, Maggioli Publisher . (in Italian)
  • Manahan , S. E. 1994 . Environmental Chemistry, 6th ed. , Boca Raton , , FL, USA : Lewis Publishers .
  • MDA (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) . 2005 . Bioremediation Treatability Study Fact Sheet , St. Paul , , MN, USA : Pesticide & Fertilizer Management Division . Guidance Document 17, available at http://www.mda.state.mn.us/en/chemicals/spills/incidentresponse/guidelist.aspx
  • Merino , J. and Bucalá , V. 2007 . Effect of temperature on the release of hexadecane from soil by thermal treatment . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 143 : 455 – 461 .
  • NFESC (Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center) . 1998 . Application Guide for Thermal Desorption Systems , Port Hueneme , , CA, USA : Technical Report TR-2090-ENV .
  • Piña , J. , Merino , J. , Errazu , A. F. and Bucalá , V. 2002 . Thermal treatment of soils contaminated with gas oil: Influence of soil composition and treatment temperature . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 94 : 273 – 290 .
  • Regnier , Z. R. and Scott , B. F. 1975 . Evaporation rates of oil components . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 9 : 469 – 472 .
  • Risoul , V. , Pichon , C. , Trouvé , G. , Peters , W. A. , Gilot , P. and Prado , G. 1999 . Thermogravimetric study of thermal decontamination of soils polluted by hexachlorobenzene, 4-chlorobiphenyl, naphthalene, or n-decane . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 64 : 295 – 311 .
  • Risoul , V. , Renauld , V. , Trouvé , G. and Gilot , P. 2002 . A laboratory pilot study of thermal decontamination of soil polluted by PCBs: Comparison with thermogravimetric analysis . Waste Management , 22 : 61 – 72 .
  • Romano , E. and Gabellini , M. 2001 . “ Analysis of granulometric characteristics: Box no. 3–Sediments ” . In Reference Analytical Methods for the Monitoring Program of Control of the Coastal-Marine Environment (Years 2001–2003) , Edited by: Cicero , A. M. and Di Girolamo , I . Rome : ICRAM Publisher . (in Italian)
  • Romele , L. and Butelli , P. 2005 . “ Soil analysis ” . In Remediation of Contaminated Sites: Characterization and Treatment Technologies , Edited by: Bonomo , L. 82 – 107 . Milan , , Italy : McGraw-Hill . (in Italian)
  • Sabaté , J. , Viñas , M. and Solanas , A. M. 2004 . Laboratory-scale bioremediation experiments on hydrocarbon-contaminated soils . International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation , 54 : 19 – 25 .
  • Sadler , P. 2001 . “ Ex situ thermal desorption ” . In Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook , Edited by: Oh , C. H. 39 – 52 . Boca Raton , , FL, USA : CRC Press LLC . 4.6
  • Saito , H. H. , Bucalá , V. , Howard , J. B. and Peters , W. A. 1998 . Thermal removal of pyrene contamination from soil: Basic studies and environmental health implications . Environmental Health Perspectives , 106 : 1097 – 1107 .
  • Sawyer , C. N. , McCarty , P. L. and Parkin , G. F. 2003 . Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, 5th ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc. .
  • Shepard , F. P. 1954 . Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 24 : 151 – 158 .
  • Smith , M. T. , Berruti , F. and Mehrotra , A. K. 2001 . Thermal desorption treatment of contaminated soils in a novel batch thermal reactor . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 40 : 5421 – 5430 .
  • Springael , D. , Gemoets , J. , Wattiau , P. , Hooyberghs , L. , Van Houtven , D and Diels , L. 2000 . “ Bioremediation of a mineral oil contaminated tropical soil: Laboratory and pilot-scale biopile studies ” . In Contaminated Soil 2000 , Vol. 2 , 1204 – 1205 . London : Thomas Telford Publishing .
  • Tchobanoglous , G. and Kreith , F. 2002 . Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 2nd ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc. .
  • Tognotti , L. , Flytzani-Stephanopoulos , M. F. , Sarofim , A. F. , Kopsinis , H. and Stoukides , M. 1991 . Study of adsorption-desorption of contaminants on single soil particles using the electrodynamic thermogravimetric analyzer . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 25 : 104 – 109 .
  • Troxler , W. L. , Cudahy , J. J. , Zink , R. P. , Yezzi , J. J. Jr. and Rosenthal , S. I. 1993 . Treatment of nonhazardous petroleum-contaminated soils by thermal desorption technologies . Air & Waste , 43 : 1512 – 1525 .
  • Tucker , M. E. 1996 . The Field Description of Sedimentary Rocks, Italian edition , Palermo , , Italy : Dario Flaccovio Publisher . (in Italian)
  • USACE (US Army Corps of Engineers) . 1995 . Engineering and Design: Treatability Studies for Solidification/Stabilization of Contaminated Material , Washington , DC : Environmental Restoration Division, Technical Letter . No. 1110–1-158
  • USDOE (US Department of Energy) . 1993 . Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS): Process, Elements and Techniques , Washington , DC : Office of Environmental Guidance, RCRA/CERCLA Division and Office of Program Support, Regulatory Compliance Division .
  • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) . 1992a . Guidance for Conducting Treatability Studies under CERCLA , Washington , DC : Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . EPA/540/R-92/071a, OSWER Directive No. 9380.3–10
  • USEPA . 1992b . Guide for Conducting Treatability Studies under CERCLA: Thermal Desorption Remedy Selection , Washington , DC : Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . Interim Guidance, EPA/540/R-92/074A
  • USEPA . 1993 . Innovative Site Remediation Technology: Thermal Desorption , Vol. 6 , Washington , DC : Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . EPA 542-B-93-011
  • USEPA . 1994 . Thermal Desorption Treatment: Engineering Bulletin , Washington , DC : Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Research and Development . EPA/540/S-94/501
  • USEPA . 1997 . Innovative Site Remediation Technology–Design and Application: Thermal Desorption , Vol. 5 , Washington , DC : Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . EPA 542-B-97-008
  • Wilson , M. A. , Saberiyan , A. G. , Andrilenas , J. S. , Miller , R. S. , Esler , C. T. , Kise , G. H. and DeSantis , P. 1994 . “ Bioremediation of waste oil-contaminated gravels via slurry reactor technology ” . In Hydrocarbon Bioremediation , Edited by: Hinchee , R. E. , Alleman , B. C. , Hoeppel , R. E. and Miller , R. N. 383 – 387 . Boca Raton , , FL, USA : Lewis Publishers .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.