Spatial distribution, contamination levels, source identification and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in street dust in urban area in Libya

References

• Adewumi, A. J. 2022. Heavy metals in soils and road dust in Akure City, Southwest Nigeria: Pollution, sources, and ecological and health risks. Expos. Health. doi:10.1007/s12403-021-00456-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera, A., F. Bautista, M. Gutiérrez-Ruiz, A. E. Ceniceros-Gómez, R. Cejudo, and A. Goguitchaichvili. 2021. Heavy metal pollution of street dust in the largest city of Mexico, sources and health risk assessment. Environ. Monit. Assess. 193 (4). doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08993-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Khashman, O. A. 2013. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in deposited street dusts in different urbanized areas in the city of Ma’an, Jordan. Environ. Earth Sci. 70 (6):2603–12. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2310-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, D., X. Xing, Z. Tang, Y. Li, and J. Sun. 2022. Concentrations, distribution and potential health risks of organic ultraviolet absorbents in street dust from Tianjin, a megacity in northern China. Environ. Res. 204. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badi, I., M. Ballem, and A. Shetwan. 2018. Site selection of desalination plant in Libya by using Combinative Distance-Based Assessment (CODAS) method. Int. J. Qual. Res. 12 (3):609–24. doi:10.18421/IJQR12.03-04.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, C. J., N. Li, Y. Li, W. Dai, D. Nibagwire, and T. Guo. 2020. Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust for children in Jinhua, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27 (5):5042–55. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07144-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya, J. K., and A. V. Shekdar. 2003. Treatment and disposal of refinery sludges: Indian scenario. Waste Manag. Res. 21 (3):249–61. doi:10.1177/0734242X0302100309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briffa, J., E. Sinagra, and R. Blundell. 2020. Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon. 6 (9):1–26. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, K., and C. Li. 2019. Street dust heavy metal pollution source apportionment and sustainable management in a typical city—Shijiazhuang, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16 (14):2625. doi:10.3390/ijerph16142625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo-Nava, D., M. Elias-Santos, U. J. López-Chuken, A. Valdés-González, L. G. de la Riva-Solís, M. P. Vargas-Pérez, L. J. Galán-Wong, and H. A. Luna-Olvera. 2020. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium and zinc) from street dust in Monterrey, Mexico: Ecological risk index. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol. 17 (6):3231–40. doi:10.1007/s13762-020-02649-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, L. S., S. L. Ngà, A. M. Davis, W. W. S. Yim, and C. H. Yeung. 2001. Magnetic properties and heavy-metal contents of contaminated seabed sediments of Penny’s Bay, Hong Kong. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42 (7):569–83. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00203-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J. Y., H. Jeong, K. Y. Choi, G. H. Hong, D. B. Yang, K. Kim, and K. Ra. 2020. Source identification and implications of heavy metals in urban roads for the coastal pollution in a beach town, Busan, Korea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 161. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111724.
   Google Scholar
• Elbasha, H. A., and M. E. Aysu. 2019. How to make Zawiya neighborhoods green (debate of walkability). Saudi J. Eng. Technol. 04 (12):486–93. doi:10.36348/sjeat.2019.v04i12.002.
   Google Scholar
• Ergenekon, P., and K. Ulutaş. 2014. Heavy metal content of total suspended air particles in the heavily industrialized town of Gebze, Turkey. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 92 (1):90–95. doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1148-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellah, G., and K. B. Noba. 2016. Thermodynamic analysis of Zawia combined cycle power plant. Int. J. Eng. Papers 1:74–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira, S. L., J. B. da Silva Junior, I. F. Dos Santos, O. M. de Oliveira, V. Cerda, and A. F. Queiroz. 2022. Use of pollution indices and ecological risk in the assessment of contamination from chemical elements in soils and sediments–practical aspects. Trends Environ. Anal. Chem. 35:e00169. doi:10.1016/j.teac.2022.e00169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawedar, A., and R. Ramakumar. 2016. Impact of wind energy system integration on the Al-Zawiya refinery electric grid in Libya. J. Power Energy Eng. 04 (9):11–20. doi:10.4236/jpee.2016.49002.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, C. C., L. M. Cai, Y. H. Xu, L. Jie, L. G. Chen, G. C. Hu, H. H. Jiang, X. B. Xu, and J. X. Mei. 2022. A comprehensive exploration on the health risk quantification assessment of soil potentially toxic elements from different sources around large-scale smelting area. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194 (3). doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09804-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idris, A. M., F. M. S. Alqahtani, T. O. Said, and K. F. Fawy. 2020. Contamination level and risk assessment of heavy metal deposited in street dusts in Khamees-Mushait city, Saudi Arabia. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 26 (2):495–511. doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1520596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issa, R., and H. Alhanash. 2020. Assessment of heavy metals in roadside soil samples in Zawia City, Libya. Malays. J. Chem. 22 (4):110–16. Accessed 2022 June 06.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348521455
   Google Scholar
• Jeong, H., J. S. Ryu, and K. Ra. 2022. Characteristics of potentially toxic elements and multi-isotope signatures (Cu, Zn, Pb) in non-exhaust traffic emission sources. Environ. Pollut. 292. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafle, H. K., J. Khadgi, R. B. Ojha, and M. Santoso. 2022. Concentration, sources, and associated risks of trace elements in the surface soil of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Water Air Soil Pollut. 233 (2). doi: 10.1007/s11270-021-05444-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamani, H., S. D. Ashrafi, S. Isazadeh, J. Jaafari, M. Hoseini, F. K. Mostafapour, E. Bazrafshan, S. Nazmara, and A. H. Mahvi. 2015. Heavy metal contamination in street dusts with various land uses in Zahedan, Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 94 (3):382–86. doi:10.1007/s00128-014-1453-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kara, M. 2020. Assessment of sources and pollution state of trace and toxic elements in street dust in a metropolitan city. Environ. Geochem. Health. 42 (10):3213–29. doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00560-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khairy, M. A., A. O. Barakat, A. R. Mostafa, and T. L. Wade. 2011. Multielement determination by flame atomic absorption of road dust samples in Delta Region, Egypt. Microchem. J. 97 (2):234–42. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2010.09.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortoçi, P., N. H. Motlagh, M. A. Zaidan, P. L. Fung, S. Varjonen, A. Rebeiro-Hargrave, J. V. Niemi, P. Nurmi, T. Hussein, T. Petaja, et al. 2022. Air pollution exposure monitoring using portable low-cost air quality sensors. Smart Health 23:100241.
   Google Scholar
• Kravkaz Kuşçu, İ. S., M. Kılıç Bayraktar, and B. Tunçer. 2022. Determination of heavy metal (Cr, Co, and Ni) accumulation in selected vegetables depending on traffic density. Water Air Soil Pollut. 233 (6):224. doi:10.1007/s11270-022-05697-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahamadsaidovich, X. Y. 2022. International organizations aimed at environmental conservation. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 3 (2):105–10.
   Google Scholar
• Mandal, P., R. Sarkar, A. Mandal, P. Patel, and N. Kamal. 2016. Study on airborne heavy metals in industrialized urban area of Delhi, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 97 (6):798–805. doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1944-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour, A. I., and H. A. Aljamil. 2022. Investigating the effect of traffic flow on pollution, noise for urban road network. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 961(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012067.
   Google Scholar
• Marjovvi, A., M. Soleimani, N. Mirghaffari, H. Karimzadeh, Y. Yuan, and L. Fang. 2022. Monitoring, source identification and environmental risk of potentially toxic elements of dust in Isfahan Province, Central Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03446-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskovchenko, D., R. Pozhitkov, A. Soromotin, and V. Tyurin. 2022. The content and sources of potentially toxic elements in the road dust of surgut (Russia). Atmosphere 13 (1). doi: 10.3390/atmos13010030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phi, T. H., P. M. Chinh, N. T. Hung, L. T. M. Ly, and P. K. Thai. 2017. Spatial distribution of elemental concentrations in street dust of Hanoi, Vietnam. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 98 (2):277–82. doi:10.1007/s00128-016-2001-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnick, R. L., and S. Gao. 2014. Composition of the continental crust. In H. D. Holland, K. K. Turekian (Eds), Treatise on Geochemistry 2nd ed, 1–51. Oxford: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6.
   Google Scholar
• Salem, H. A. 2015. Research of the relevant temperatures for the design of pavement constructions on the desert roads in Libya. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia.
   Google Scholar
• Sellami, S., O. Zeghouan, F. Dhahri, L. Mechi, Y. Moussaoui, and B. Kebabi. 2022. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban and peri-urban soil of Setif city (High Plains, eastern Algeria). Environ. Monit. Assess. 194 (2). doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09781-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shehada, M. F., M. Y. Omar, A. K. Mehanna, and M. S. Sharedy. 2021. Review of potential effects of oil spills on coastal and marine resources on western libyan coastal. J. Mar. Sci. Environ. Technol. 7 (2):1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Singh Kanwar, V., A. Sharma, A. L. Srivastav, and L. Rani. 2020. Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: A critical review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27:44835–60. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltani, N., B. Keshavarzi, F. Moore, T. Tavakol, A. R. Lahijanzadeh, N. Jaafarzadeh, and M. Kermani. 2015. Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Sci. Total Environ. 505:712–23. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taşpınar, F., and Z. Bozkurt. 2018. Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of road dust on selected highways in Düzce, Turkey. Environ. Forensics. 19 (4):298–314. doi:10.1080/15275922.2018.1519736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Törő, K., G. Dunay, J. Bartholy, R. Pongrácz, Z. Kis, and É. Keller. 2009. Relationship between suicidal cases and meteorological conditions. J Forensic Leg. Med. 16 (5):277–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulutaş, K. 2022. Risk assessment and spatial distribution of heavy metal in street dusts in the densely industrialized area. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194 (2). doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09762-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulutaş, K., S. K. Abujayyab, and A. B. U. Salem. 2021. Major air pollutants, levels, temporal changes and interactions with meteorological variables in Ankara. Mühendis. Bilim. Tasar. Derg. 9 (4):1284–95. doi:10.21923/jesd.939724.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. 1989. Risk assessment guidance for superfund, volume I: Human health evaluation manual (Part A). EPA/540/1-89/002, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. 1996. Soil screening guidance: Technical background document. EPA/540/R-95/128, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. 1998. Risk assessment guidance for superfund: Volume I human health evaluation manual (Part D, standardized planning, reporting, and review of superfund risk assessments) office of solid waste and emergency response. OSWER 9285.7-01D, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. 2002. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites. OSWER 9355.4-24, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• Verma, A., R. Kumar, and S. Yadav. 2020. Distribution, pollution levels, toxicity, and health risk assessment of metals in surface dust from Bhiwadi industrial area in North India. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 26 (8):2091–111. doi:10.1080/10807039.2019.1650328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victoria, A., S. Dampare, S. J. Cobbina, and A. B. Duwiejuah. 2014. Heavy metals concentration in road dust in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana heavy metals concentration in road dust in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2 (4):74–80. doi:10.12691/jephh-2-4-1.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, S., L. Wang, Y. Huan, R. Wang, and T. Liang. 2022. Concentrations, spatial distribution, sources and environmental health risks of potentially toxic elements in urban road dust across China. Sci. Total Environ. 805. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150266.
   Google Scholar
• Worek, J., X. Badura, A. Białas, J. Chwiej, K. Kawoń, and K. Styszko. 2022. Pollution from transport: Detection of tyre particles in environmental samples. Energies 15 (8):2816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., H. Ge, W. Lu, and Y. Long. 2015. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in near-surface dust. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 24 (4). doi: 10.15244/pjoes/41805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yongming, H., D. Peixuan, C. Junji, and E. S. Posmentier. 2006. Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi’an, Central China. Sci. Total Environ. 355 (1–3):176–86. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. Y., L. S. Tang, G. Zhang, and H. D. Wu. 2009. Heavy metal contamination in a typical mining town of a minority and mountain area, south China. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 82 (1):31–38. doi:10.1007/s00128-008-9569-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar