References
- Abawi , G. S. , and T. L. Widmer . 2000 . Impact of soil health management practices on soilborne pathogens, nematodes and root diseases of vegetable crops . Applied Soil Ecology 15 : 37 – 47 .
- Baker , G. H. 1998. Recognising and responding to the influences of agriculture and other land-use practices on soil fauna in Australia. Applied Soil Ecology 9:303–310.
- Bouche , M. B. , and F. Al-Addan . 1997 . Earthworms, water infiltration and soil stability: some new assessments . Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29 : 441 – 452 .
- Bragg , C. J. , J. D. Donaldson , and P. G. Ryan . 2005 . Density of Cape porcupines in a semi-arid environment and their impact on soil turnover and related ecosystem processes . Journal of Arid Environments 61 : 261 – 275 .
- Breman , H. , and C. T. De Wet . 1983 . Rangeland productivity and exploitation in the Sahel . Science 22 : 1341 – 1347 .
- Brussaard , L. , V. M. Behan-Pelletier , D. E. Bignell , V. K. Brown , W. Didden , P. Folgarait , C. Fragoso , D. W. Freckman , V. Gupta , T. Hattori , D. L. Hawksworth , C. Klopatek , P. Lavelle , D. W. Malloch , J. Rusek , B. Soderstrom , J. M. Tiedje , and R. A. Virginia . 1997 . Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil . Ambio 26 : 563 – 570 .
- Cowling , R. M. 1990 . Diversity components in a species-rich area of the Cape Floristic region . Journal of Vegetation Science 1 : 699 – 710 .
- Darwin , C. 1881 . The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on their habits . Murry , London , UK .
- Davidson , S. 2001 . Dirty deeds: subterranean alliances are being forged in citrus orchards of the Riverland . Ecos 106 : 12 – 14 .
- de Bruyn , L. A. L. 1997 . The status of soil macrofauna as indicators of soil health to monitor the sustainability of Australian agricultural soils . Ecological Economics 23 : 167 – 178 .
- Dean , W. R. J. 1992 . Effects of animal activity on absorption rate of soils in the southern Karoo, South Africa . Journal of the Grassland Society of South Africa 9 : 178 – 180 .
- Faber , J. H. 1991 . Functional classification of soil fauna: a new approach . Oikos 62 : 110 – 117 .
- Garcia , C. , T. Hernandez , A. Roldan , and A. Martin . 2002 . Effect of plant cover decline on chemical and microbiological parameters under Mediterranean climate . Soil Biology & Biochemistry 34 : 635 – 642 .
- Harte , J. , A. Rawa , and V. Price . 1996 . Effects of manipulated soil microclimate on mesofaunal biomass and diversity . Soil Biology & Biochemistry 28 : 313 – 322 .
- Haynes , R. J. , C. S. Dominy , and M. H. Graham . 2003 . Effect of agricultural land use on soil organic matter status and the composition of earthworm communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 95 : 453 – 464 .
- Heemsbergen , D. A. , M. P. Berg , M. Loreau , J. R. van Hal , J. H. Faber , and H. A. Verhoef . 2004 . Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity . Science 306 : 1019 – 1020 .
- Hendrix , P. F. 2000 . Soil fauna . CRC Press , London , UK .
- Henrot , J. , and L. Brussaard . 1997 . Abundance, casting activity, and cast quality of earthworms in an acid Ultisol under alley-cropping in the humid tropics . Applied Soil Ecology 6 : 169 – 179 .
- Hoffman , M. T. 1997 . Human impacts on vegetation . pp. 507 – 534 , in R. M. Cowling , D. M. Richardson , and S. M. Pierce eds., Vegetation of Southern Africa . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge .
- Jiménez , J. J. , G. G. Brown , T. Decaëns , A. Feijoo , and P. Lavelle . 2000 . Differences in the timing of diapause and patterns of aestivation in tropical earthworms . Pedobiologia 44 : 677 – 694 .
- Kemper , J. , R. M. Cowling , and D. M. Richardson . 1999 . Fragmentation of South African renosterveld shrublands: effects on plant community structure and conservation implications . Biological Conservation 90 : 103 – 111 .
- Klein , A. M. , I. Steffan-Dewenter , D. Buchori , and T. Tscharntke . 2002 . Effects of land-use intensity in tropical agroforestry systems on coffee flower-visiting and trap-nesting bees and wasps . Conservation Biology 16 : 1003 – 1014 .
- Kratz , W. 1998 . The bait-lamina test – General aspects, applications and perspectives . Environmental Science and Pollution Research 5 : 94 – 96 .
- Kremen , C. 2005. Managing ecosystem services: what do we need to know about their ecology? Ecology Letters 8:468–479.
- Larink , O. , and R. Sommer . 2002 . Influence of coated seeds on soil organisms tested with bait lamina . European Journal of Soil Biology 38 : 287 – 290 .
- Low , A. B. , and A. G. Rebelo . 1996 . Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. A companion to the vegetation map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria .
- Maboeta , M. S. 2000 . Ecological relevance of suborganismal and population responses of terrestrial Oligochaeta to the fungicide copper oxychloride. PhD thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa .
- Mucina , L. , and M. C. Rutherford . 2006 . The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland . Strelitzia 19 . South African National Biodiversity Institute , Pretoria .
- Neilson , R. , and B. Boag . 2003 . Feeding preferences of some earthworm species common to upland pastures in Scotland . Pedobiologia 47 : 1 – 8 .
- O'Farrell , P. J. 2005 . Ecosystem goods and services in a semi-arid landscape: an examination of the relationship between ecological processes, land-use strategies and biodiversity conservation. PhD, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa .
- O'Farrell , P. J. , J. S. Donaldson , and M. T. Hofman . 2007 . The influence of ecosystem goods and services on livestock management practices on the Bokkeveld Plateau, South Africa . Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 122 : 312 – 324 .
- O'Farrell , P. J. , J. S. Donaldson , and M. T. Hoffman . 2009 . Local benefits of retaining natural vegetation for soil retention and hydrological services . South African Journal of Botany 75 : 573 – 583 .
- Reinecke , A. J. , R. M. C. Albertus , S. A. Reinecke , and O. Larkin . 2008 . The effect of organic and conventional management practices on feeding activity of soil organisms on vineyards . African Zoology 43 : 66 – 74 .
- Römbke , J. , H. Höfer , M. V. B. Garcia , and C. Martius . 2006 . Feeding activities of soil organisms at four different forest sites in Central Amazonia using the bait lamina method . Journal of Tropical Ecology 22 : 313 – 320 .
- Rosenfeld , J. S. 2002 . Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation . Oikos 98 : 156 – 162 .
- Schloter , M. , H.-J. Bach , S. Metz , U. Sehy , and J. C. Munch . 2003 . Influence of precision farming on the microbial community structure and functions in nitrogen turnover . Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 98 : 295 – 304 .
- Soil Classification Working Group . 1991 . Soil classification: A taxonomic system for South Africa . Department of Argiculture Development , Pretoria .
- Tomati , U. , E. Galli , A. Grappelli , and G. Dilena . 1990 . Effect of earthworm casts on protein-synthesis in radish (Raphanus-Sativum) and lettuce (Lactuga-Sativa) seedlings . Biology and Fertility of Soils 9 : 288 – 289 .
- Van Bruggen , A. H. C. , and A. M. Semenov . 2000 . In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression . Applied Soil Ecology 15 : 13 – 24 .
- von Törne , E. 1990 . Assessing feeding activities of soil-living animals, bait-lamina-tests . Pedobiologia 34 : 89 – 101 .
- Wall , D. H. , L. Brussaard , P. A. Hutchings , M. A. Palmer , and P. V. R. Snelgrove . 1998 . Soil and sediment biodiversity and ecosystem functioning . Nature & Resources 34 : 41 – 51 .
- Wood , M. 1991 . Biological aspects of soil protection . Soil Use and Management 7 : 130 – 136 .
- Zelles , L. , P. Adrian , Q. Y. Bai , K. Stepper , M. V. Adrian , K. Fischer , A. Maier , and A. Ziegler . 1991 . Microbial activity measured in soils stored under different temperature and humidity conditions . Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23 : 955 – 962 .
- Zorn , M. I. , C. A. M. van Gestel , and H. J. P. Eijsackers . 2008 . Metal redistribution by surface casting of four earthworm species in sandy and loamy clay soils . Science of the Total Environment 406 : 396 – 400 .