Publication Cover
Journal of Loss and Trauma
International Perspectives on Stress & Coping
Volume 16, 2011 - Issue 1
434
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Functioning and Mortality of Holocaust Survivors: Physical Resilience and Psychosocial Vulnerabilities

, , &
Pages 67-83 | Received 10 Feb 2010, Accepted 03 Apr 2010, Published online: 29 Jan 2011

REFERENCES

  • Ayalon , L. ( 2005 ). Challenges associated with the study of resilience to trauma in Holocaust survivors . Journal of Loss and Trauma , 10 , 347 – 358 .
  • Ayalon , L. , & Covinsky , K. E. ( 2007 ). Late-life mortality in older Jews exposed to the Nazi regime . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 55 , 1380 – 1386 .
  • Bachner , Y. G. , Carmel , S. , & Sagi , D. (2007). Physical health and psychological resources: A comparison between Holocaust survivors under the Nazi regime and survivors of the Soviet labor camps. Gerontology , 34, 63–77.
  • Ben-Ezra , M. , & Shmotkin , D. ( 2006 ). Predictors of mortality in the old-old in Israel: The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 54 , 906 – 911 .
  • Bramsen , I. , Deeg , D. J. H. , van der Ploeg , E. , & Fransman , S. ( 2007 ). Wartime stressors and mental health symptoms as predictors of late-life mortality in World War II survivors . Journal of Affective Disorders , 103 , 121 – 129 .
  • Collins , C. , Burazeri , G. , Gofin , J. , & Kark , J. D. ( 2004 ). Health status and mortality in Holocaust survivors living in Jerusalem 40–50 years later . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 17 , 403 – 411 .
  • Cox , D. R. ( 1972 ). Regression models and life tables . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 34 , 187 – 220 .
  • Dekel , R. , & Hobfoll , S. E. ( 2007 ). The impact of resources loss on Holocaust survivors facing war and terrorism in Israel . Aging and Mental Health , 11 , 159 – 167 .
  • Eitinger , L. , & Strøm , L. ( 1981 ). New investigations on the mortality and morbidity of Norwegian ex-concentration camp prisoners . Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences , 18 , 173 – 195 .
  • Elder , G. H. , Jr., Shanahan , M. J. , & Clipp , E. C. ( 1997 ). Linking combat and physical health: The legacy of World War II in men's lives . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 , 330 – 336 .
  • Erikson , E. H. ( 1982 ). The life cycle completed: A review . New York : Norton .
  • Favaro , A. , Rodella , F. C. , Colombo , G. , & Santonastaso , P. ( 1999 ). Post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression among Italian Nazi concentration camp survivors: A controlled study 50 years later . Psychological Medicine , 29 , 87 – 95 .
  • Joffe , C. , Brodaty , H. , Luscombe , G. , & Ehrlich , F. ( 2003 ). The Sydney Holocaust Study: Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychosocial morbidity in an aged community sample . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16 , 39 – 47 .
  • Kahana , B. , Harel , Z. , & Kahana , E. ( 2005 ). Holocaust survivors and immigrants: Late life adaptations . New York : Springer .
  • Kahana , B. , Kahana , E. , Harel , Z. , Kelly , K. , Monaghan , P. , & Holland , L. ( 1997 ). A framework for understanding the chronic stress of Holocaust survivors . In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Coping with chronic stress (pp. 315 – 343 ). New York : Plenum .
  • Katz , S. C. , Downs , T. D. , Cash , H. R. , & Grotz , R. C. ( 1970 ). Progress in development of the index of ADL . The Gerontologist , 10 , 20 – 30 .
  • Katzman , R. , Brown , T. , Fuld , P. , Peck , A. , Schechter , R. , & Schimmel , H. ( 1983 ). Validation of a short orientation-memory-concentration test of cognitive impairment . American Journal of Psychiatry , 140 , 734 – 739 .
  • Kellermann , N. P. F. ( 2009 ). Holocaust trauma: Psychological effects and treatment . New York : iUniverse .
  • Krause , N. ( 2004 ). Lifetime trauma, emotional support, and life satisfaction among older adults . The Gerontologist , 44 , 615 – 623 .
  • Krause , N. , Shaw , B. A. , & Cairney , J. ( 2004 ). A descriptive epidemiology of lifetime trauma and the physical health status of older adults . Psychology and Aging , 19 , 637 – 648 .
  • Landau , R. , & Litwin , H. (2000). The effects of extreme early stress in very old age. Journal of Traumatic Stress , 13, 473–487.
  • Letzter-Pouw , S. , & Werner , P. ( 2005 ). Correlates of intrusive memories and avoidance of memories of the Holocaust . Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences , 42 , 271 – 277 .
  • Lev-Wiesel , R. , & Amir , M. ( 2003 ). Posttraumatic growth among Holocaust survivors . Journal of Loss and Trauma , 8 , 229 – 237 .
  • Lomranz , J. ( 2005 ). Amplified comment: The triangular relationships between the Holocaust, aging, and narrative gerontology . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 60 , 255 – 267 .
  • Prot , K. ( 2010 ). Late effects of trauma: PTSD in Holocaust survivors . Journal of Loss and Trauma , 15 , 28 – 42 .
  • Radloff , L. S. ( 1977 ). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 , 385 – 401 .
  • Schnurr , P. P. , Spiro , A. , Aldwin , C. M. , & Stukel , T. A. ( 1998 ). Physical symptom trajectories following trauma exposure: Longitudinal findings from the Normative Aging Study . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 186 , 522 – 528 .
  • Schnurr , P. P. , Spiro , A. , Vielhauer , M. J. , Findler , M. N. , & Hamblen , J. L. ( 2002 ). Trauma in the lives of older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study . Journal of Clinical Geropsychology , 8 , 175 – 187 .
  • Shanan , J. ( 1989 ). Surviving the survivors: Late personality development of Jewish Holocaust survivors . International Journal of Mental Health , 17 , 42 – 71 .
  • Shmotkin , D. ( 2003 ). Vulnerability and resilience intertwined: A review of research on Holocaust survivors . In R. Jacoby & G. Keinan (Eds.), Between stress and hope: From a disease-centered to a health-centered perspective (pp. 213 – 233 ). Westport , CT : Praeger .
  • Shmotkin , D. , Blumstein , T. , & Modan , B. ( 2003 ). Tracing long-term effects of early trauma: A broad-scope view of Holocaust survivors in late life . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 , 223 – 234 .
  • Shmotkin , D. , & Lomranz , J. ( 1998 ). Subjective well-being among Holocaust survivors: An examination of overlooked differentiations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 , 141 – 155 .
  • Shmotkin , D. , Shrira , A. , & Palgi , Y. ( in press ). Addressing lingering trauma in old-old age: The Holocaust as a paradigm . In L. Poon & J. Cohen-Mansfield (Eds.), Understanding well-being in the oldest-old . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Solomon , Z. , & Ginzburg , K. ( 1998 ). War trauma and the aged: An Israeli perspective . In J. Lomranz (Ed.), Handbook of aging and mental health: An integrative approach (pp. 135 – 152 ). New York : Plenum .
  • Stessman , J. , Cohen , A. , Hammerman-Rozenberg , R. , Bursztyn , M. , Azoulay , D. , et al. . ( 2008 ). Holocaust survivors in old age: The Jerusalem Longitudinal Study . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 56 , 470 – 477 .
  • Witztum , E. , & Malkinson , R. ( 2009 ). Examining traumatic grief and loss among Holocaust survivors . Journal of Loss and Trauma , 14 , 129 – 143 .
  • Yehuda , R. , Schmeidler , J. , Siever , L. J. , Binder-Brynes , K. , & Elkin , A. ( 1997 ). Individual differences in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms profiles in Holocaust survivors in concentration camps or in hiding . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 10 , 453 – 463 .
  • Yehuda , R. , Tischler , L. , Golier , J. A. , Grossman , R. , Brand , S. R. , et al.. (2006). Longitudinal assessment of cognitive performance in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD. Biological Psychiatry , 60, 714–721.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.