REFERENCES
- Adams , R. E. , & Boscarino , J. A. ( 2006 ). Predictors of PTSD and delayed PTSD after disaster: The impact of exposure and psychosocial resources . Journal of Mental and Nervous Disease , 194 , 485 – 493 .
- Başoğlu , M. , Kiliç , C. , Şalcioğlu , E. , & Livanou , M. ( 2004 ). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 17 , 133 – 141 .
- Bonanno , G. A. , Galea , S. , Bucciarelli , A. , & Vlahov , D. ( 2007 ). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 75 , 671 – 682 .
- Bowerman , B. L. , & O'Connell , R. T. ( 1990 ). Linear statistical models: An applied approach () , 2nd ed. . Belmont , CA : Duxbury .
- Brewin , C. R. , Andrews , B. , & Valentine , J. D. ( 2000 ). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68 , 748 – 766 .
- Chan , C. L. W. , Wang , C. W. , Qu , Z. Y. , Lu , B. Q. B. , Ran , M. S. , Ho , A. H. Y. , … Zhang , X. L. ( 2011 ). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adult survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 24 , 295 – 302 .
- Cordova , M. J. , Cunningham , L. L. C. , Carlson , C. R. , & Andrykowski , M. ( 2001 ). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study . Health Psychology , 20 , 176 – 185 .
- Dorn , T. , Yzermans , J. C. , Spreeuwenberg , P. M. , & Van , D. Z. ( 2007 ). Physical and mental health problems in parents of adolescents with burns—A controlled, longitudinal study . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 63 , 381 – 389 .
- Faul , F. , Erdfelder , E. , Lang , A. G. , & Buchner , A. ( 2007 ). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences . Behavior Research Methods , 39 , 175 – 191 .
- Foa , E. B. , Stein , D. J. , & McFarlane , A. C. ( 2006 ). Symptomatology and psychopathology of mental health problems after disaster . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 67 , 15 – 25 .
- Galea , S. , Resnick , H. , Ahern , J. , Gold , J. , Bucuvalas , M. , Kilpatrick , D. , … Vlahov , D. ( 2002 ). Posttraumatic stress disorder in Manhattan, New York City, after the September 11 terrorist attacks . Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine , 79 , 340 – 353 .
- GfK AG . ( 2008 ). Europe remains divided: GfK purchasing power survey of 41 countries in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.gfk.com/imperia/md/content/presse/pm_kaufkraft_europa_2008_efin.pdf
- Giannantonio , M. ( 2003 ). Psicotraumatologia e psicologia dell'emergenza [Psychotraumatology and crisis psychology] . Salerno , Italy : Ecomind .
- Grubaugh , A. L. , & Resick , P. A. ( 2007 ). Posttraumatic growth in treatment-seeking female assault victims . Psychiatric Quarterly , 78 , 145 – 155 .
- Hall , B. J. , Hobfoll , S. E. , Palmieri , S. E. , Canetti-Nisim , D. , Shapira , O. , Johnson , R. J. , & Galea , S. ( 2008 ). The psychological impact of impending forced settler disengagement in Gaza: Trauma and posttraumatic growth . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 21 , 22 – 29 .
- Helgeson , V. S. , Reynolds , K. A. , & Tomich , P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74, 797–816.
- Hobfoll , S. E. ( 1989 ). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress . American Psychologist , 44 , 513 – 524 .
- Hobfoll , S. E. , Canetti-Nisim , D. , & Johnson , R. J. ( 2006 ). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 , 207 – 218 .
- Horn , J. L. ( 1965 ). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis . Psychometrika , 30 , 179 – 185 .
- Janoff-Bulman , R. ( 1992 ). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma . New York , NY : Free Press .
- Joseph , S. , & Linley , P. A. ( 2006 ). Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice . Clinical Psychology Review , 26 , 1041 – 1053 .
- Kessler , R. C. , Sonnega , A. , Bromet , E. , Hughes , M. , & Nelson , C. B. ( 1995 ). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 52 , 1048 – 1060 .
- Kroo , A. , & Nagy , H. ( 2011 ). Posttraumatic growth among traumatized Somali refugees in Hungary . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 16 , 440 – 458 .
- Laufer , A. , & Solomon , Z. ( 2006 ). Posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among Israeli youth exposed to terror incidents . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 25 , 429 – 447 .
- Linley , P. A. , & Joseph , S. ( 2004 ). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 17 , 11 – 21 .
- Liu , A. , Tan , H. , Zhou , J. , Li , S. , Yang , T. , Wang , J. , … Wen , S. W. ( 2006 ). An epidemiological study of posttraumatic stress disorder in flood victims in Hunan, China . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 51 , 350 – 354 .
- MacKinnon , D. P. , Fairchild , A. J. , & Fritz , M. S. ( 2007 ). Mediation analysis . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 , 593 – 614 .
- Marmar , C. R. , McCaslin , S. E. , Metzler , T. J. , Best , S. , Weiss , D. S. , Fagan , J. , … Neylan , T. ( 2006 ). Predictors of posttraumatic stress in police and other first responders . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1071 , 1 – 18 .
- McMillen , J. C. , Smith , E. M. , & Fisher , R. H. ( 1997 ). Perceived benefit and mental health after three types of disaster . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 65 , 733 – 739 .
- Menard , S. ( 1995 ). Applied logistic regression analysis . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
- Morris , B. A. , Shakespeare-Finch , J. , Rieck , M. , & Newbery , J. ( 2005 ). Multidimensional nature of posttraumatic growth in an Australian population . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 18 , 575 – 585 .
- O'Connor , B. P. ( 2000 ). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test . Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers , 32 , 396 – 402 .
- Pargament , K. I. , Koenig , H. G. , & Perez , L. ( 2000 ). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 56 , 519 – 543 .
- Pitman , R. K. , Shalev , A. Y. , & Orr , S. P. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Emotion, conditioning, and memory. In M. D. Corbetta & M. S. Gazzaniga (Eds.), The new cognitive neurosciences (pp. 687–700). New York , NY : Plenum Press.
- Prati , G. , & Pietrantoni , L. ( 2006 ). Crescita post-traumatica: Un'opportunità dopo il trauma? [Posttraumatic growth: An opportunity after the trauma?] . Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale , 12 , 133 – 144 .
- Prati , G. , & Pietrantoni , L. ( 2009 ). Optimism, social support, and coping strategies as factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 14 , 364 – 388 .
- Preacher , K. J. , & Hayes , A. F. ( 2008 ). Asymptotic and resampling procedures for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models . Behavior Research Methods , 40 , 879 – 891 .
- Rimé , B. ( 2007 ). The social sharing of emotions as an interface of individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climate . Journal of Social Issues , 63 , 307 – 322 .
- Schmidt , S. , Knuth , D. , & Kehl , D. ( 2011 ). Human behavior in crisis situations: Results from a field study of firefighters and survivors across different types of disaster situations . In W. Jaskółowski & P. Kępka (Eds.), Emergency evacuation of people from buildings (pp. 309 – 316 ). Warsaw , Poland : Bel Studio .
- Shrout , P. E. , & Bolger , N. ( 2002 ). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations . Psychological Methods , 7 , 422 – 445 .
- Tabachnik , B. G. , & Fidell , L. S. ( 2007 ). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.) . Boston , MA : Pearson Education .
- Tedeschi , R. G. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 1996 ). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 9 , 455 – 471 .
- Tedeschi , R. G. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 2004 ). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence . Psychological Inquiry , 15 , 1 – 18 .
- Tedeschi , R. G. , Park , C. L. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 1998 ). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual issues . In R. Tedeschi , C. Park & L. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 1 – 22 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
- Tolin , D. F. , & Foa , E. B. ( 2006 ). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research . Psychological Bulletin , 132 , 959 – 992 .
- Van de Walle , B. , & Turoff , M. ( 2008 ). Decision support for emergency situations . Information Systems and E-Business Management , 6 , 295 – 316 .
- Weiss , D. S. , & Marmar , C. R. ( 1997 ). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised . In J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399 – 411 ). New York , NY : Guilford Press .