Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation as Predictors of Psychological Adjustment

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . ( 2000 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Antony , M. M. , Beiling , P. J. , Cox , B. J. , Enns , M. W. , & Swinson , R. P. ( 1998 ). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample . Psychological Assessment , 10 , 176 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. M. , Kelly , C. , Calhoun , L. G. , Cann , A. , & Tedeschi , R. G. ( 2008 ). An examination of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic depreciation: Two exploratory studies . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 13 , 450 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britt , T. W. , Adler , A. B. , & Bartone , P. T. ( 2001 ). Deriving benefits from stressful events: The role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 6 , 53 – 63 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calhoun , L. G. , & Tedeschi , R. G. (2001). Posttraumatic growth: The positive lessons in loss. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss (pp. 157–172). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Cann , A. , Calhoun , L. G. , Tedeschi , R. G. , & Solomon , D. T. ( 2010 ). Posttraumatic growth and depreciation as independent experiences and predictors of well-being . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 15 , 151 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copping , A. , Shakespeare-Finch , J. , & Paton , D. ( 2010 ). Towards a culturally competent mental health system: Sudanese, Sierra Leonean and Liberian experiences with life crises . Journal of Psychology: Pacific Rim , 4 , 53 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordova , M. J. , Cunningham , L. L. C. , Carlson , C. R. , & Andrykowski , M. A. ( 2001 ). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study . Health Psychology , 20 , 176 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener , E. , Emmons , R. A. , Larsen , R. J. , & Griffin , S. ( 1985 ). The Satisfaction with Life Scale . Journal of Personality Assessment , 49 , 71 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener , E. , Wirtz , D. , Tov , W. , Kim-Prieto , C. , Choi , D. , Oishi , S. , & Biswas-Diener , R. ( 2010 ). New measures of well-being: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings . Social Indicators Research , 97 , 143 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrans , C. , & Powers , M. ( 1985 ). Quality of Life Index: Development and psychometric properties . Advances in Nursing Science , 8 , 15 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , A. ( 2005 ). Discovering statistics using SPSS , (2nd ed.) . London , England : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. , Conlon , A. , & Glaser , T. ( 2001 ). Positive and negative life changes following sexual assault . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 , 1048 – 1055 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. A. , & Kaler , M. E. ( 2006 ). Assessing the validity of self-reported stress-related growth . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 , 859 – 869 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. , Tashiro , T. , Berman , M. , Steger , M. , & Long , J. ( 2004 ). Correlates of levels and patterns of positive life changes following sexual assault . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 , 19 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair , J. F. , Anderson , R. E. , Tatham , R. L. , & Black , W. C. ( 1998 ). Multivariate data analysis , (5th ed.) . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Helgeson , V. S. , Reynolds , K. A. , & Tomich , P. L. ( 2006 ). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 , 797 – 816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane , T. M. , Marshall , A. D. , & Taft , C. T. ( 2006 ). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Etiology, epidemiology, and treatment outcome . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 2 , 161 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner , S. C. , Zakowski , S. G. , Antoni , M. H. , Greenhawt , M. , Block , K. , & Block , P. ( 2003 ). Do sociodemographic and disease-related variables influence benefit finding in cancer patients? Psycho-Oncology , 12 , 491 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linley , P. A. , Andrews , L. , & Joseph , S. ( 2007 ). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 12 , 321 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linley , P. A. , & Joseph , S. ( 2004 ). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 17 , 11 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond , S. H. , & Lovibond , P. F. ( 1995 ). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales , (2nd ed.) . Sydney , Australia : Psychology Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , B. A. , Shakespeare-Finch , J. , Rieck , M. , & Newbery , J. ( 2005 ). Multidimensional nature of posttraumatic growth in an Australian population . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 18 , 575 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , C. L. , & Lechner , S. (2006). Measurement issues in assessing growth following stressful life experiences. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth (pp. 47–67). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Petrie , K. J. , Buick , D. L. , Weinman , J. , & Booth , R. J. ( 1999 ). Positive effects of illness reported by myocardial infarction and breast cancer patients . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 47 , 537 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakespeare-Finch , J. , & Armstrong , D. ( 2010 ). Trauma type and post-trauma outcomes: Differences between survivors of motor vehicle accidents, sexual assault and bereavement . Journal of Loss & Trauma , 15 , 69 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakespeare-Finch , J. , & Enders , T. ( 2008 ). Corroborating evidence of posttraumatic growth . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 21 , 421 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakespeare-Finch , J. , & Morris , B. ( 2010 ). Posttraumatic growth in Australian populations . In T. Weiss & R. Berger (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth and culturally competent practice: Lessons learned from around the globe (pp. 157 – 172 ). Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. , & Schrimshaw , E. W. ( 2000 ). Perceiving benefits in adversity: Stress-related growth in women living with HIV/AIDS . Social Science and Medicine , 51 , 1543 – 1554 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steger , M. F. , Frazier , P. , Oishi , S. , & Kaler , M. ( 2006 ). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 53 , 80 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi , R. G. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 1995 ). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi , R. G. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 1996 ). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 9 , 455 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi , R. G. , & Calhoun , L. G. ( 2004 ). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence . Psychological Inquiry , 15 , 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomich , P. L. , & Helgeson , V. S. ( 2004 ). Is finding something good in the bad always good? Benefit finding among women with breast cancer . Health Psychology , 23 , 16 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar