Factors associated with drug use during pregnancy and breastfeeding among females who use drugs (FWUDs) in Malaysia

References

• AADK. (2019). Maklumat Dadah (Drug Information). (2019). National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA). https://www.adk.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/Buku-Maklumat-Dadah-2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• AADK. (2021). Trend Statistik Penagih Dadah Dikesan AADK Mengikut Jantina, 2016 – 2020 (Drug statistics detected by AADK based on gender 2016–2020). National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA). https://www.adk.gov.my/trend-statistik-penagih-dadah-dikesan-aadk-mengikut-jantina-2016-2020/
   Google Scholar
• Arria, A. M., Derauf, C., LaGasse, L. L., Grant, P., Shah, R., Smith, L., Haning, W., Huestis, M., Strauss, A., Grotta, S. D., Liu, J., & Lester, B. (2006). Methamphetamine and other substance use during pregnancy: Preliminary estimates from the infant development, environment, and lifestyle (IDEAL) study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(3), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-005-0052-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, M. L., & Lee, M. J. (2019). Substance use in the breastfeeding woman. Contemporary OB/GYN, 64(9), 22–26.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, R. K., Fletcher, B. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2009). Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: Improving public health and safety. JAMA, 301(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiew, H. Y. (2019, May 20). “An invisible jail’ - stateless children in Malaysia. Malaysiakini. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/387600
   Google Scholar
• Cumming, C., Troeung, L., Young, J. T., Kelty, E., & Preen, D. B. (2016). Barriers to accessing methamphetamine treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 168, 263–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denton, W. H., Adinoff, B. H., Lewis, D., Walker, R., & Winhusen, T. (2014). Family discord is associated with increased substance use for pregnant substance users. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(3), 326–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devries, K. M., Kishor, S., Johnson, H., Stockl, H., Bacchus, L. J., Garcia-Moreno, C., & Watts, C. (2010). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: Analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries. Reproductive Health Matters, 18(36), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(10)36533-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doerzbacher, M., & Chang, Y. P. (2019). Supporting breastfeeding for women on opioid maintenance therapy: A systematic review. Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association, 39(9), 1159–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischbein, R. L., Lanese, B. G., Falletta, L., Hamilton, K., King, J. A., & Kenne, D. R. (2018). Pregnant or recently pregnant opioid users: Contraception decisions, perceptions and preferences. Contraceptive and Reproductive Medicine, 3(4), 1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forray, A., & Foster, D. (2015). Substance use in the perinatal period. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(11), 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0626-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S. F., Brooks, A. J., Gordon, S. M., Green, C. A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R. K., Lincoln, M., Hien, D., & Miele, G. M. (2007). Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grotta, S. D., LaGasse, L. L., Arria, A. M., Derauf, C., Grant, P., Smith, L. M., Shah, R., Huestis, M., Liu, J., & Lester, B. M. (2010). Patterns of methamphetamine use during pregnancy: Results from the infant development. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14(4), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-009-0491-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartney, E. (2020). Dangers of drug use when breastfeeding. https://www.verywellmind.com/can-i-combine-drugs-and-breastfeeding-22054#citation-6.
   Google Scholar
• Homsup, P., Phaloprakarn, C., Tangjitgamol, S., & Manusirivithaya, S. (2018). Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes among illicit drug-using women in an urban setting. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 57(1), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2017.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, B. C., Liu, T., Zhang, G., Hao, W., & Wang, J. (2014). Factors related to psychosocial barriers to drug treatment among Chinese drug users. Addictive Behaviors, 39(8), 1265–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kissin, W. B., Svikis, D. S., Moylan, P., Haug, N. A., & Stitzer, M. L. (2004). Identifying pregnant women at risk for early attrition from substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2004.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein, P. M. (1915). Infant drug addicts. New York Medical Journal, 102, 906. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.70.12.1269
   Google Scholar
• Louw, K. A. (2018). Substance use in pregnancy: The medical challenge. Obstetric Medicine, 11(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753495X17750299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. L., Beaumont, J. L., & Kupper, L. L. (2003). Substance use before and during pregnancy: Links to intimate partner violence. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(3), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1081/ada-120023461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mburu, G., Ayon, S., Mahinda, S., & Kaveh, K. (2020). Determinants of women’s illicit substance use during pregnancy: Perspectives from a qualitative study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 24(9), 1170–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02910-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, R. K., Wigderson, S., & Greenfield, S. F. (2014). Epidemiology of substance use in reproductive-age women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 41(2), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2014.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKetin, R., Lubman, D. I., Baker, A., Dawe, S., Ross, J., Mattick, R. P., & Degenhardt, L. (2018). The relationship between methamphetamine use and heterosexual behaviour: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study. Addiction, 113(7), 1276–1285. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meade, C., S., Towe, S. L., Watt, M. H., Lion, R. R., Myers, B., Skinner, D., Kimani, S., & Pieterse, D. (2015). Addiction and treatment experiences among active methamphetamine users recruited from a township community in Cape Town, South Africa: A mixed-methods study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 152, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas, K. R., & McClair, V. L. (2012). Epidemiology of substance use disorders. Human Genetics, 131(6), 779–789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-012-1168-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. H., Ngo, T. V., Nguyen, V. D., Nguyen, H. D., Nguyen, H. T. T., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D. W., & Rasch, V. (2018). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Vietnam: Prevalence, risk factors and the role of social support. Global Health Action, 11(sup3), 1638052–1638076. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1638052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paz, M. S., Smith, L. M., LaGasse, L. L., Derauf, C., Grant, P., Shah, R., Arria, A., Huestis, M., Haning, W., Strauss, A., Grotta, S. D., Liu, J., & Lester, B. M. (2009). Maternal depression and neurobehavior in newborns prenatally exposed to methamphetamine. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 31(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2008.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan, T. (2017). Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers. Nordisk Alkohol- & Narkotikatidskrift : NAT, 34(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072516687256
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts, S. C. M., & Pies, C. (2011). Complex calculations: How illicit substance use during pregnancy becomes a barriers to prenatal care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(3), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-010-0594-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, D., Narayanan, S., Shanmugam, T., & Vicknasingam, B. (2021). Treatment barriers associated with amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use in Malaysia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2021.1900627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smid, M. C., Torri, D. M., & Adam, J. G. (2019). Stimulant use in pregnancy: An under-recognized epidemic among pregnant women. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 62(1), 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, R. (2015). Pregnant women and substance use: Fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health & Justice, 3(11), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-015-0015-5
   Google Scholar
• Tan, S. M. K., Mohamed Saini, S., Lee, V. Y., Wahab, S., Chan, L. F., Mohd Ijam, S. H., & Nor, N. K. (2015). Child protection issues: Incest—the Malaysian scenario. Adolescent Psychiatry, 4(4), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.2174/221067660404150115160153
   Google Scholar
• Terplan, M., Smith, E. J., Kozloski, M. J., & Pollack, H. A. (2009). Methamphetamine use among pregnant women. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 113(6), 1285–1291. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a5ec6f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2016). Guidelines on drug prevention and treatment for girls and women. UNODC.
   Google Scholar
• Vanderziel, A., Parker, M. A., & Alshaarawy, O. (2020). Trends in heroin use among women of reproductive age in the United States, 2004–2017. Addictive Behaviors, 110, 106518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendell, A. D. (2013). Overview and epidemiology of substance abuse in pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56(1), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31827feeb9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickersham, J. A., Loeliger, K. B., Marcus, R., Pillai, V., Kamarulzaman, A., & Altice, F. L. (2016). Patterns of substance use and correlates of lifetime and active injection drug use among women in Malaysia. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 42(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2015.1101467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. P., Jordaan, E., Mathews, C., Lombard, C., & Parry, C. D. H. (2014). Alcohol and other illicit substance use during pregnancy among women attending midwife obstetric units in the Cape Metropole, South Africa. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2014, 10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/871427
   Google Scholar
• Wu, M., LaGasse, L. L., Wouldes, T. A., Arria, A. M., Wilcox, T., Derauf, C., Newman, E., Shah, R., Smith, L. M., Neal, C. R., Huestis, M. A., Grotta, S. D., & Lester, B. M. (2013). Predictors of inadequate prenatal care in methamphetamine-using mothers in New Zealand and the United States. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(3), 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1033-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young-Wolff, K. C., Tucker, L. Y., Armstrong, M. A., Conway, A., Weisner, C., & Goler, N. (2020). Correlates of pregnant women’s participation in a substance use assessment and counselling intervention integrated into prenatal care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 24(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02897-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar