“I didn’t get to have this experience with anyone”: experiences of becoming a mother during the pandemic

References

• Alhasanat-Khalil, D., Fry-McComish, J., Dayton, C., Benkert, R., Yarandi, H., & Giurgescu, C. (2018). Acculturative stress and lack of social support predict postpartum depression among US immigrant women of Arabic descent. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(4), 530–535. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2018.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, N. A., & Feroz, A. S. (2020). Maternal mental health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102261. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banker, J. E., & LaCoursiere, D. Y. (2014). Postpartum depression: Risks, protective factors, and the couple’s relationship. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(7), 503–508. doi:10.3109/01612840.2014.888603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T. (2002). Cognitive models of depression. Clinical advances in cognitive psychotherapy. Theory and Application, 14(1), 29–61.
   Google Scholar
• Birkeland, R., Thompson, J. K., & Phares, V. (2005). Adolescent motherhood and postpartum depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34(2), 292–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock, R. L., O’hara, M. W., Hart, K. J., McCabe‐beane, J. E., Williamson, J. A., Brunet, A., King, S. & King, S. (2015). Peritraumatic distress mediates the effect of severity of disaster exposure on perinatal depression: The Iowa Flood Study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 515–522. doi:10.1002/jts.22056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrnes, L. (2018). Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 14(7), 507–513. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.03.010
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, J., Matoff-Stepp, S., Velez, M. L., Cox, H. H., & Laughon, K. (2021). Pregnancy-associated deaths from homicide, suicide, and drug overdose: Review of research and the intersection with intimate partner violence. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(2), 236–244. doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caparros-Gonzalez, R. A., & Alderdice, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and perinatal mental health. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(3), 223–225. doi:10.1080/02646838.2020.1786910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Q., Li, W., Xiong, J., & Zheng, X. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A literature review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2219. doi:10.3390/ijerph19042219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirino, N. H., & Knapp, J. M. (2019). Perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 74(6), 369–376. doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagher, R. K., Bruckheim, H. E., Colpe, L. J., Edwards, E., & White, D. B. (2021). Perinatal depression: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(2), 154–159. doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagher, R. K., McGovern, P. M., Dowd, B. E., & Gjerdingen, D. K. (2012). Postpartum depression and health services expenditures among employed women. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(2), 210–215. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823fdf85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2022). Depression and anxiety during COVID-19. The Lancet, 399(10324), 518. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00187-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Declercq, E., & Zephyrin, L. (2020). Maternal Mortality in the x: A Primer (Commonwealth Fund, Dec). Available. doi:10.26099/ta1q-mw24
   Google Scholar
• DeMaris, A., & Mahoney, A. (2017). The perception of fairness in infant care and mothers' postpartum depression. Social Science & Medicine, 190, 199–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demissie, D. B., & Bitew, Z. W. (2021). Mental health effect of COVID-19 pandemic among women who are pregnant and/or lactating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Medicine, 9, 20503121211026195. doi:10.1177/20503121211026195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denis, A., Ponsin, M., & Callahan, S. (2012). The relationship between maternal self-esteem, maternal competence, infant temperament and post-partum blues. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 30(4), 388–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, C. L., & Ross, L. (2006). Women's perceptions of partner support and conflict in the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(6), 588–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, T., Reagu, S., Mohan, S., Elmidany, R., Qaddoura, F., Ahmed, E. E., & Alabdulla, M. A. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perinatal mental health of women. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 48(9), 971–976. doi:10.1515/jpm-2020-0415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulginiti, A., Goldbach, J. T., Mamey, M. R., Rusow, J., Srivastava, A., Rhoades, H., & Marshal, M. P. (2020). Integrating minority stress theory and the interpersonal theory of suicide among sexual minority youth who engage crisis services. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 50(3), 601–616. doi:10.1111/sltb.12623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giarratano, G. P., Barcelona, V., Savage, E. J., & Harville, E. (2019). Mental health and worries of pregnant women living through disaster recovery. Health Care for Women International, 40(3), 259–277. doi:10.1080/07399332.2018.1535600
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman-Mellor, S., & Margerison, C. E. (2019). Maternal drug-related death and suicide are leading causes of postpartum death in California. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 221(5), 489–e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal, D., & Selix, N. W. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on maternal mental health. MCN The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 46(2), 103. doi:10.1097/NMC.0000000000000692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, S. E., Ayers, S., Quigley, M. A., Stein, A., & Alderdice, F. J. J. O. A. D. (2021). Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress in a population-based maternity survey in England. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 749–756. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harville, E. W., Xiong, X., & Buekens, P. (2010). Disasters and perinatal health: A systematic review. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 65(11), 713. doi:10.1097/OGX.0b013e31820eddbe
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassert, S., & Robinson Kurpius, S. E. (2011). Postpartum depression among Latinas: Do partners, other children, and breastfeeding make a difference. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 39, 90–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hessami, K., Romanelli, C., Chiurazzi, M., & Cozzolino, M. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 35(20), 4014–4021. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1843155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilmert, C. J., Kvasnicka-Gates, L., Teoh, A. N., Bresin, K., & Fiebiger, S. (2016). Major flood related strains and pregnancy outcomes. Health Psychology, 35(11), 1189. doi:10.1037/hea0000386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horesh, D., Garthus-Niegel, S., & Horsch, A. (2021). Childbirth-related PTSD: Is it a unique post-traumatic disorder? Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(3), 221–224. doi:10.1080/02646838.2021.1930739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, J. A., Damato, E. G., Duffy, M. E., & Solon, L. (2005). The relationship of maternal attributes, resources, and perceptions of postpartum experiences to depression. Research in Nursing & Health, 28(2), 159–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar, A. S., Ein-Dor, T., Zhang, E. X., Chan, S. J., Kaimal, A. J., & Dekel, S. (2021). Racial and ethnic disparities in maternal mental health during COVID-19. medRxiv https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.21265428v1
   Google Scholar
• Kajdy, A., Feduniw, S., Ajdacka, U., Modzelewski, J., Baranowska, B., Sys, D., Poon, L. C. & Poon, L. C. (2020). Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Medicine, 99(30), e21279. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalish, M. (2018). How are US Natural Disasters and Birth Rates Connected? (Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown University).
   Google Scholar
• Kinsey, C. B., Baptiste-Roberts, K., Zhu, J., & Kjerulff, K. H. (2014). Birth-related, psychosocial, and emotional correlates of positive maternal –infant bonding in a cohort of first-time mothers. Midwifery, 30(5), e188–194. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, K. H., Dimmock, J., Guelfi, K. J., Nguyen, T., Gucciardi, D., & Jackson, B. (2019). Stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal self-efficacy in first-time mothers: Modelling and predicting change across the first six months of motherhood. Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, 11(1), 126–147. doi:10.1111/aphw.12147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letourneau, N. L., Dennis, C. L., Benzies, K., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Tryphonopoulos, P. D., Watson, W. & Watson, W. (2012). Postpartum depression is a family affair: Addressing the impact on mothers, fathers, and children. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(7), 445–457. blinded for peer review. doi:10.3109/01612840.2012.673054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liou, S. R., Wang, P., & Cheng, C. Y. (2014). Longitudinal study of perinatal maternal stress, depressive symptoms and anxiety. Midwifery, 30(6), 795–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, R. T. (2004). Becoming a mother versus maternal role attainment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(3), 226–232. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04042.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsolini, L., Valchera, A., Vecchiotti, R., Tomasetti, C., Iasevoli, F., Fornaro, M., Bellantuono, C. & Bellantuono, C. (2016). Suicide during perinatal period: Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical correlates. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 138. blinded for peer review. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peat, G., Rodriguez, A., & Smith, J. (2019). Interpretive phenomenological analysis applied to healthcare research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 22(1), 7–9. doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2018-103017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preis, H., & Benyamini, Y. (2017). The birth beliefs scale–a new measure to assess basic beliefs about birth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 38(1), 73–80. doi:10.1080/0167482X.2016.1244180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preis, H., Gozlan, M., Dan, U., & Benyamini, Y. (2018). A quantitative investigation into women's basic beliefs about birth and planned birth choices. Midwifery, 63, 46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, K. M., & Taylor, M. G. (2015). Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Social Science Research, 54, 246–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santomauro, D. F., Herrera, A. M. M., Shadid, J., Zheng, P., Ashbaugh, C., Pigott, D. M., Ferrari, A. J. & Ferrari, A. J. (2021). Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 398(10312), 1700–1712. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & quantity, 52, 1893–1907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng, J. S., Sperlich, M., Low, L. K., Ronis, D. L., Muzik, M., & Liberzon, I. (2013). Childhood abuse history, posttraumatic stress disorder, postpartum mental health, and bonding: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 58(1), 57–68. doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigematsu, K. (2019). Breastfeeding self-efficacy in Japanese mothers of an invant: Association with feeding style,l mother to infant bonding, depression. In T. Kitamura, & Y. Ohashi (Eds.), Perinatal Bonding Disorders: Causes and Consequences (pp. 229–255). Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sorenson, D. S., & Tschetter, L. (2010). Prevalence of negative birth perception, disaffirmation, perinatal trauma symptoms, and depression among postpartum women. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 46(1), 14–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vignato, J., Georges, J. M., Bush, R. A., & Connelly, C. D. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the perinatal period: A concept analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23–24), 3859–3868. doi:10.1111/jocn.13800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vismara, L., Sechi, C., & Lucarelli, L. (2020). Reflective parenting home visiting program: A longitudinal study on the effects upon depression, anxiety and parenting stress in first-time mothers. Heliyon, 6(7), e04292. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Chen, J., Chen, Y., & Wang, R. (2022). Factors related to psychological distress in multiparous women in the first trimester: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Research, 30(3), 210. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Geneve, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, T., Jia, X., Shi, H., Niu, J., Yin, X., Xie, J., & Wang, X. (2021). Prevalence of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 91–98. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, R. H., He, G., Koszycki, D., Walker, M., & Wen, S. W. (2009). Prenatal social support, postnatal social support, and postpartum depression. Annals of Epidemiology, 19(9), 637–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacharia, A., Taylor, B., Sweeney, A., Morant, N., Howard, L., & Johnson, S. (2020). Mental health support in the perinatal period for women with a personality disorder diagnosis: A qualitative study of women’s experiences. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34, 482–498.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, X., Zhang, J., Ye, X., Lin, X., Liu, H., Qin, Z., Zhan, C. & Zhan, C. (2022). Navigating through motherhood in pregnancy and postpartum periods during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(8), 3958–3971. doi:10.1111/jonm.13846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar