Transcending the News: Religious Ambivalence Among the Famous Journalist-Literary Figures and Literature as the Uncertain Path to Immortality

REFERENCES

• Aldridge , A. O. 1967 . Benjamin Franklin and Nature's God , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alterman , E. 2003 . What Liberal Media?: The Truth About Bias and the News , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , D. 1997 . The Radical Enlightenments of Benjamin Franklin , Baltimore, MD : Johns Hop kins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , G. N. 1959 . William Dean Howells: The Development of a Novelist , Norman, OK : University of Oklahoma Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , J. J. 1990 . John Steinbeck, Writer: A Biography , New York : Penguin . (Original work pub lished 1984)
   Google Scholar
• Berkove , L. I. 2002 . A Prescription for Adversity: The Moral Art of Ambrose Bierce , Columbus, OH : The Ohio State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , B. 1976 . Thurber: A Biography , New York : Ballantine . (Original work published 1975)
   Google Scholar
• Bosco , M. 2005 . Graham Greene's Catholic Imagination , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boswell , J. 1968 . Life of Johnson , Edited by: Chapman , R. W. Oxford, , England : Oxford University Press . (Original work published 1791)
   Google Scholar
• Brent , P. 1981 . Charles Darwin , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Bruccoli , M. J. 1986 . Conversations with Ernest Hemingway , Jackson, MS : University of Mississippi Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cady , E. H. 1980 . Stephen Crane , Boston, MA : Twayne .
   Google Scholar
• Caron , T. P. 2000 . Struggles over the Word: Race and Religion in O'Connor, Faulkner, Hurston, and Wright , Macon, GA : Mercer University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carrington , C. 1986 . Rudyard Kipling: His Life and Work , New York : Penguin . (Original work published 1955)
   Google Scholar
• Chapin , C. F. 1968 . The Religious Thought of Samuel Johnson , Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee , D. 1984 . The Role of Religion in a Passage to India , Calcutta, India : Writer's Workshop .
   Google Scholar
• Christians , C. C. , Ferre , J. P. and Fackler , P. M. 1993 . Good News: Social Ethics and the Press , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. C. D. 1994 . Samuel Johnson—Literature, Religion, and English Cultural Politics from the Restoration to Romanticism , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , R. W. 1984 . The Survival of Charles Darwin: A Biography of a Man and an Idea , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , R. H. 1985 . H. G. Wells , Boston, MA : Twayne .
   Google Scholar
• Couto , M. 1988 . Graham Greene: On the Frontier: Politics and Religion in the Novels , New York : St. Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Crane , S. 1987 . “ The Open Boat ” . In The Harper American Literature , Edited by: McQuade , D. , Atwan , R. , Banta , M. , Kaplan , J. , Minter , D. , Tichi , C. and Vendler , H. New York : Harper and Row . (Original work published 1898)
   Google Scholar
• Darsey , J. 1997 . The Prophetic Tradition and Radical Rhetoric in America , New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dart , J. and Allen , J. 1993 . A First Amendment Guide to Religion and the News , New York : Freedom Forum First Amendment Center .
   Google Scholar
• Dearborn , M. V. 1999 . Mailer: A Biography , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Desmond , A. and Moore , J. 1991 . Darwin , New York : Warner .
   Google Scholar
• Doughty , O. 1981 . Perturbed Spirit: The Life and Personality of Samuel Taylor Coleridge , London : Associated University Presses .
   Google Scholar
• Dreiser , T. 1922 . A Book About Myself , New York : Boni and Liveright .
   Google Scholar
• Elledge , S. 1986 . E. B. White: A Biography , New York : Norton . (Original work published 1984)
   Google Scholar
• Fauske , C. J. 2002 . Jonathan Swift and the Church of Ireland, 1710–1724 , Dublin : Irish Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foley , B. 1986 . Telling the Truth: The Theory and Practice of Documentary Fiction , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Forrest , W. M. 1928 . Biblical Allusions in Poe , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Fruchtman , J. Jr. 1994 . Thomas Paine: Apostle of Freedom , New York : Four Walls Eight Windows .
   Google Scholar
• Frus , P. 1994 . The Politics and Poetics of Journalistic Narrative: The Timely and the Timeless , Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fulton , J. B. 2006 . The Reverend Mark Twain: Theological Burlesque, Form, and Content , Columbus, OH : Ohio State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gandi , K. 1980 . Aldous Huxley: The Search for Perennial Religion , New Delhi, India : Arnold-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Ganguly , A. P. 1990 . India, Mystic, Complex, and Real: A Detailed Study of E. M. Forster's A Passage to India, His Treatment of India's Landscape, Social Anthropology, Religion, Philosophy, Music, and Art , Delhi : Motilai Banarsidass .
   Google Scholar
• Gaustad , E. S. 1996 . Sworn on the Altar of God: A Religious Biography of Thomas Jefferson , Grand Rapids, MI : Eerdmans .
   Google Scholar
• Grimes , L. E. 1985 . The Religious Design of Hemingway's Early Fiction , Ann Arbor, MI : UMI Research Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , L. 1975 . Upton Sinclair: American Rebel , New York : Thomas Y. Crowell .
   Google Scholar
• Hartsock , J. C. 2000 . A History of American Literary Journalism: The Emergence of a Modern Narrative Form , Amherst, MA : University of Massachusetts Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hastings , S. 1994 . Evelyn Waugh: A Biography , Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Hays , J. Q. and Rodewald , F. A. 1989 . Mark Twain and Religion: A Mirror of American Eclecticism , New York : Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Hedley , D. 2000 . Coleridge, Philosophy, and Religion: Aids to Reflection and the Mirror of Spirit , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Himmelfarb , G. 1968 . Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Hoover , S. M. 1998 . Religion in the News: Faith and Journalism in American Public Discourse , Thousands Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hough , R. L. 1959 . The Quiet Rebel: William Dean Howells as Social Commentator , Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , K. 1998 . George Eliot: The Last Victorian , New York : Farrar Straus Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Idema , H. 1990 . Freud, Religion, and the Roaring Twenties: A Psychoanalytic Theory of Secularization in Three Novelists: Anderson, Hemingway, and Fitzgerald , Savage, MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. R. 2001 . Conrad Richter: A Writer's Life , University Park, PA : The Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , F. 1988 . Dickens: A Biography , Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , J. 1966 . Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography , New York : Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Karrane , K. and Yagoda , B. , eds. 1997 . The Art of Fact: A Historical Anthology of Literary Journalism , New York : Touchstone .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , M. 1995 . “ Breakable Rules for Literary Journalists ” . In Literary Journalism: A New Collection of the Best of American Nonfiction , Edited by: Sims , N. and Kramer , M. New York : Ballantine .
   Google Scholar
• Kuebrich , D. 1989 . Minor Prophecy: Walt Whitman's New American Religion , Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lambeth , E. B. 1986 . Committed Journalism: An Ethic for the Profession , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , E. J. 1997 . Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate over Science and Religion , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , J. L. 1985 . Dickens and the Broken Scripture , Athens, GA : University of Georgia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , H. 2000 . Willa Cather: A Life Saved Up , New York : Virago . (Original work published 1989)
   Google Scholar
• Lingeman , R. 2002 . Sinclair Lewis: Rebel from Main Street , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Lordas , J. 2001 . The Bop Apocalypse: The Religious Visions of Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Burroughs , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ludington , T. 1980 . John Dos Passos: A Twentieth Century Odyssey , New York : Dutton .
   Google Scholar
• McCrea , B. 1990 . Addison and Steele Are Dead: The English Department, Its Canon, and the Professionalization of Literary Criticism , Newark, DE : University of Delaware Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , N. and MacKenzie , J. 1987 . The Life of H. G. Wells: The Time Traveller , London : Hogarth . (Original work published 1973)
   Google Scholar
• Martin , E. A. 1984 . H. L. Mencken and the Debunkers , Athens, GA : University of Georgia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mencken , H. L. 1982 . “ The Collapse of Protestantism ” . In A Mencken Chrestomathy , New York : Vintage . (Original work published 1949)
   Google Scholar
• Miller , D. 1995 . Erskine Caldwell: The Journey from Tobacco Road , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Montag , W. 1994 . The Unthinkable Swift: Jonathan Swift and the Ideological Crisis of Church and State, 1688–1730 , New York : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Moreau , G. 1977 . The Restless Journey of James Agee , New York : Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , R. Jr. 1995 . Ambrose Bierce: Alone in Bad Company , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Newey , V. 2004 . The Scriptures of Charles Dickens , Aldershot, England : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , J. 1989 . The Journalist in Plato's Cave , London : Associated University Presses .
   Google Scholar
• Ostwalt , C. E. 1990 . After Eden: The Secularization of American Space in the Fiction of Willa Cather and Theodore Dreiser , London : Associated University Presses .
   Google Scholar
• Patey , D. L. 2001 . The Life of Evelyn Waugh , Malden, MA : Blackwell . (Original work published 1998)
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , C. E. 1983 . The Religious Life of Samuel Johnson , Hamden, CT : Archon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Quinlan , M. J. 1964 . Samuel Johnson: A Layman's Religion , Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , D. S. 1996 . Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural Biography , New York : Knopf . (Original work published 1995)
   Google Scholar
• Rosengarten , R. A. 2000 . Henry Fielding and the Narration of Providence: Divine Design and the Incursions of Evil , New York : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Rowse , A. L. 1975 . Jonathan Swift , New York : Scribner's .
   Google Scholar
• Sahni , C. L. 1981 . Forster's A Passage to India: The Religious Dimension , New Delhi : Arnold-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• St. Jean , S. 2001 . Pagan Dreiser: Songs from American Mythology , Cranbury, NJ : Associated University Presses .
   Google Scholar
• Salvatore , A. T. 1988 . Greene and Kierkegaard: The Discourse of Belief , Tuscaloosa, AL : University of Alabama Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , A. 1982 . Charles Dickens: Resurrectionist , London : Macmillan . 1982
   Google Scholar
• Schorer , M. 1961 . Sinclair Lewis: An American Life , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Shelden , M. 1994 . Graham Greene: The Enemy Within , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd , A. C. 1995 . “The Media Get Religion.” . American Journalism Review , 10
   Google Scholar
• Silk , M. 1995 . Unsecular Media: Making News of Religion in America , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Silverman , K. 1991 . Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance , New York : Harper Perennial .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , J. A. and Weiner , E. S. C. , eds. 1989 . The Oxford English Dictionary, , second edition , Oxford, , England : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , A. 1977 . Jack: A Biography of Jack London , New York : Pocket .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , U. 1962 . The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair , New York : Harcourt, Brace and World .
   Google Scholar
• Sounes , H. 1998 . Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life , Edinburgh : Rebel .
   Google Scholar
• Sowder , M. 2005 . Whitman's Ecstatic Union: Conversion and Ideology in Leaves of Grass , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Spittles , B. 1993 . George Eliot: Godless Woman , Basingstoke, England : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Steffens , L. 1931 . The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens , New York : Harcourt, Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Steffens , L. 1926 . Moses in Red , Philadelphia, PA : Dorrance .
   Google Scholar
• Stout , D. A. 2006 . Media and Religion: The Promise of Cultural Biography . Journal of Media and Religion , 5 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Stratford , P. 1964 . Faith and Fiction, Creative Process in Greene and Mauriac , Notre Dame, IN : University of Notre Dame Press .
   Google Scholar
• Strychacz , T. 1993 . Modernism, Mass Culture and Professionalism , Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swanberg , W. A. 1965 . Dreiser , New York : Scribner's .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. J. 2001 . Thackeray: The Life of a Literary Man , New York : Carroll & Graf .
   Google Scholar
• Tomkinson , N. 1992 . The Christian Faith and Practices of Samuel Johnson, Thomas De Quincey, and Thomas Love Peacock , Lewiston, NY : E. Mellen Press .
   Google Scholar
• Twain , M. 1974 . Letters from the Earth , New York : Harper and Row . (Original work published 1938)
   Google Scholar
• Underwood , D. 2002 . From Yahweh to Yahoo!: The Religious Roots of the Secular Press , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Underwood , D. and Bagwell , D. 2006a . Journalists with Literary Ambitions no Less Satisfied with Their Jobs . Newspaper Research Journal , 27 ( 2 )
   Google Scholar
• Underwood , D. and Bagwell , D. Newspapers as Launching Pads for Literary Careers: A Study of How Today's Literary-Aspirants in the Newsroom Feel about Daily Journalism's Role in Developing Literary Talent . Paper delivered to Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . August , San Francisco, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Walcutt , C. 1956 . American Literary Naturalism, a Divided Stream , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Walder , D. 1981 . Dickens and Religion , London : Allen and Urwin .
   Google Scholar
• Waldmeir , J. C. 1995 . The American Trilogy, 1900-1937 , West Cornwall, CT : Locust Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , M. 1988 . Richard Wright/Daemonic Genius: A Portrait of the Man/A Critical Look at His Work , New York : Warner .
   Google Scholar
• Walters , K. S. 1999 . Benjamin Franklin and His Gods , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Watt , I. 1964 . The Rise of the Novel , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. and Wilhoit , G. C. 1996 . The American Journalist in the 1990s: U.S. News People at the End of an Era , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Weinberger , J. 2005 . Benjamin Franklin Unmasked: On the Unity of his Moral, Religious, and Political Thought , Lawrence, KS : University Press of Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Wendling , R. C. 1995 . Coleridge's Progress to Christianity: Experience and Authority in Religious Faith , London : Associated University Presses .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , M. 1999 . Ruskin's God , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williamson , A. 1963 . Bernard Shaw: Man and Writer , New York : Crowell-Collier .
   Google Scholar
• Winton , C. 1964 . Captain Steele: The Early Career of Richard Steele , Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe , G. 1995 . Malcolm Muggeridge: A Biography , Grand Rapids, MI : Eerdmans .
   Google Scholar
• Woodress , J. 1989 . Willa Cather: A Literary Life , Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press . (Original work published 1987)
   Google Scholar
• Wright , E. 1986 . Franklin of Philadelphia , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar