Emotional Closeness between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Rural China: The Mediating Role of the Middle Generation

References

• Ashton, V. (1996). A study of mutual support between Black and White grandmothers and their adult grandchildren. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 26(1/2), 87–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtson, V. L. (2001). Beyond the nuclear family: The increasing importance of multigenerational bonds. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon, S. D., & Brussoni, M. J. (1996). Young adults’ relationships with their “closest” grandparents: Examining emotional closeness. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 439–458.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, L. H. (2003). Intergenerational influences of perceptions of current relationships with grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 1, 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, T. Z. (2009). The living status of leftover older adults in rural areas of China: A survey of 258 older adults in Hunan Province. Hubei Social Science, 8, 57–60. [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. (2008a). Intergenerational support and depression among elders in rural China: Do in-laws matter? Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 599–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. (2008b). Intergenerational time-for-money exchanges in rural China: Does reciprocity reduce depressive symptoms of older grandparents? Research in Human Development, 5(1), 6–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. (2012). Custodial grandparents and intergenerational support in rural China. In K. K. Mehta & L. L. Thang ( Eds.), Experiencing grandparenthood: An Asian perspective (vol. 47, pp. 109–127). Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, M., & Paley, B. (1997). Families as systems. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 243–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creasey, G. L., & Kaliher, G. (1994). Age differences in grandchildren’s perceptions of relations with grandparents. Journal of Adolescence, 17, 411–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubas, J. S. (2001). How gender moderates the grandparent-grandchild relationship: A comparison of kin-keeper and kin-selector theories. Journal of Family Issues, 22(4), 478–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, A. R. (1988). Grandchildren’s perspectives on relationships with grandparents: The influence of gender across generations. Sex Roles, 19(3–4), 205–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H., Jr., & Conger, R. D. (2000). Children of the land: Adversity and success in rural America. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geurts, T. (2008). Grandparent-grandchild relationships in late life: A matter of continuation? The Gerontologist, 48, 560–568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood, J., & Lin, M. C. (2000). Affiliation, pride, exchange, and distance in grandparents’ accounts of relationship with their college-aged grandchildren. Journal of Communication, 50 (3), 31–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson, L. B. (1992). Adult grandchildren and their grandparents: The enduring bond. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 34, 209–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, E. (1979). Young adults’ relations with their grandparents: An exploratory study. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 10(3), 299–309.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang, Q. (2009). The living conditions of left over older adults: A survey in Maobei town, Xuanhan county of Sichuan Province of China. Economic and Social Development, 7(6), 112–115. [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Kemp, C. (2004). Grandparent-grandchild relationships over time: An examination of continuity and change across three generations. The Gerontologist, 44(1), 279–287.
   Google Scholar
• King, V., & Elder, G. H., Jr. (1995). American children view their grandparents: Linked lives across three rural generations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(1), 165–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, V., Silverstein, M., & Elder, G. H., Jr. (2003). Relations with grandparents: Rural Midwest versus urban Southern California. Journal of Family Issues, 24(8), 1044–1069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivett, V. R. (1991). The grandparent-grandchild connection. Marriage & Family Review, 16(3–4), 267–290.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, R. H., Bennett, J. M., & Markides, K. S. (1992). Perceived intergenerational solidarity and psychological distress among older Mexican Americans. Journals of Gerontology, 47(2), 55–65.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q. M. (2004). Concern of the skipped generation household in rural China. In P. Du (Ed.), Focusing on 386199 phenomena and left-over families in rural China (pp. 33–36). Forum of Population and Development, 28(4), 25–36 [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar
• Meil, G. (2006). The consequences of the development of a beanpole kin structure on exchanges between generations: The case of Spain. Journal of Family Issues, 27(8), 1085–1099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monserud, M. A. (2008a). Intergenerational relationships and affectual solidarity between grandparents and young adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 182–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monserud, M. A. (2008b). Young adults’ relationships with grandparents: Parents’ intergenerational ties and grandchildren’s adult roles (Unpublished dissertation). Pullman, WA: Washington State University.
   Google Scholar
• Oppelaar, J., & Dykstra, P. A. (2004). Contacts between grandparents and grandchildren. Netherlands’ Journal of Social Sciences, 40(2), 91–113.
   Google Scholar
• Roberto, K. A., Allen, K. R., & Blieszner, R. (2001). Grandfathers’ perceptions and expectations of relationships with their adult grandchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 22(4), 407–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberto, K. A., & Stroes, J. (1992). Grandchildren and grandparents: Roles, influences, and relationships. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 34(3), 227–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein, M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1994). Does intergenerational social support influence the psychological well-being of older parents? The contingencies of declining health and widowhood. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 943–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein, M., Cong, Z., & Li, S. Z. (2006). Intergenerational transfers and living arrangements of older people in rural China: Consequences for psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 61(B), 256–266.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein, M., Cong, Z., & Li, S. (2007). Grandparents who care for their grandchildren in rural China: Benefactors and beneficiaries. In I. G. Cook & J. L. Powell ( Eds.), New perspectives on China and aging (pp. 49–71). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Song, L., Li, S., Zhang, W., & Feldman, M. W. (2007). Intergeneration support and self-rated health of the elderly in rural China: An investigation in Chaohu, Anhui province. In Y. Zeng, D. Poston, D. A. Vlosky, & D. Gu ( Eds.), Healthy longevity in China: Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological dimensions ( pp. 235–249). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Spence, S. A., Black, S. R., & Adams, J. P. (2001). Grandparents and grandparenting in a rural southern state: A study of demographic characteristics, roles, and relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 22(4), 523–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, A. C., Robila, M., & Lee, H. S. (2005). Distance, contact, and intergenerational relationships: Grandparents and adult grandchildren from an international perspective. Journal of Adult Development, 12(1), 33–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlenberg, P., & Hammill, B. (1998). Frequency of grandparent contact with grandchild sets: Six factors that make a difference. The Gerontologist, 38(3), 276–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Huck, S. M. (1993). Family relationship history, contemporary parent-grandparent relationship quality, and the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55(4), 1025–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., & Li, S. (2004). The determinants of living arrangement for rural older adults when their adult children migrated to urban city. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 1, 42–49 [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar