9,061
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Generational Differences and COVID-19: Positive Interactions in Virtual Workplaces

Pages 379-398 | Received 06 Jun 2020, Accepted 31 Aug 2020, Published online: 07 Sep 2020

References

  • Abrams, D., Swift, H. J., & Drury, L. (2016). Old and unemployable? How age‐based stereotypes affect willingness to hire job candidates. Journal of Social Issues, 72(1), 105–121. 10.1111/josi.12158
  • Anderson, C. M., & Martin, M. M. (1995). Why employees speak to coworkers and bosses: Motives, gender, and organizational satisfaction. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 32(3), 249–265. 10.1177/002194369503200303
  • Arsenault, P. M. (2004). Validating generational differences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(2), 124–141. 10.1108/01437730410521813
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14(1), 20–39. 10.5465/amr.1989.4278999
  • Bakhsh, K., Rasool, S., & Azim, M. (2019). Humor orientation and honesty as predictors of leadership effectiveness. Dialogue, 14(2), 23–31. https://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/dialogue14_2.htm
  • Baldwin, R., & Di Mauro, B. W. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19. Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
  • Berkelaar, B. L., & Harrison, M. A. (2019). Organizational Socialization. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. online. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.127, https://oxfordre.com/search?siteToSearch=ORECOM, Oxford University Press.
  • Birdie, A. K., & Jain, M. (2017). Organizational behavior and virtual work: Concepts and analytical approaches. CRC Press.
  • Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Yan, Q. (2018). Leading and learning to change: the role of leadership style and mindset in error learning and organizational change. Journal of Change Management, 18(2), 116–141. 10.1080/14697017.2018.1446693
  • Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a re‐appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, 41(6), 977–1002. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00463.x
  • Cairns, G., & Wright, G. (2017). Scenario thinking: Preparing your organization for the future in an unpredictable world. Springer.
  • Campbell, D. T. (1967). Stereotypes and the perception of group differences. American Psychologist, 22(10), 817–829. 10.1037/h0025079
  • Cary, L. A., & Chasteen, A. L. (2015). Age stereotypes and age stigma: Connections to research on subjective aging. Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics, 35(1), 99–119. 10.1891/0198-8794.35.99
  • Caskie, G., Canell, A. E., & Bashian, H. M. (2019). Knowledge of aging, negative age bias, and positive age bias: Age group differences. Innovation in Aging, 3(1), 80–81. 10.1093/geroni/igz038.312
  • Center for Disease Control. (2020). Interim guidance for businesses and employers to plan and respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), February 2020.
  • Chrisentary, J. T., & Barrett, D. E. (2017). An exploration of leadership in virtual communities of practice. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 20(77), 25–34. DOI: 10.7595/management.fon.2015.0027
  • Costanza, D. P., Badger, J. M., Fraser, R. L., Severt, J. B., & Gade, P. A. (2012). Generational differences in work-related attitudes: A meta-analysis. Journal of business and psychology, 27(4), 375–394. 10.1007/s10869-012-9259-4
  • Darics, E., & Gatti, M. C. (2019). Talking a team into being in online workplace collaborations: The discourse of virtual work. Discourse Studies, 21(3), 237–257. 10.1177/1461445619829240
  • DeArmond, S., Tye, M., Chen, P. Y., Krauss, A., Apryl Rogers, D., & Sintek, E. (2006). Age and gender stereotypes: New challenges in a changing workplace and workforce. Journal of applied social psychology, 36(9), 2184–2214. 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00100.x
  • Dittes, S., & Smolnik, S. (2019). Towards a digital work environment: the influence of collaboration and networking on employee performance within an enterprise social media platform. Journal of Business Economics, 89(8–9), 1215–1243. 10.1007/s11573-019-00951-4
  • Edmunds, J., & Turner, B. S. (2002). Generations, culture and society. Open University.
  • Eppler, M. J. (2007). Knowledge communication problems between experts and decision makers: An overview and classification. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(3), 291–300. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.465.5660&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Ernst, C., & Chrobot-Mason, D. (2010). Boundary spanning leadership: Six practices for solving problems, driving innovation, and transforming organizations. McGraw Hill Professional.
  • Evans, A. B., Carter, A., Middleton, G., & Bishop, D. C. (2016). Personal goals, group performance and ‘social’ networks: participants’ negotiation of virtual and embodied relationships in the ‘Workplace Challenge’ physical activity programme. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 8(3), 301–318. 10.1080/2159676X.2016.1154096
  • Favero, N., Meier, K. J., & O’Toole, L. J., Jr. (2016). Goals, trust, participation, and feedback: Linking internal management with performance outcomes. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 26(2), 327–343. 10.1093/jopart/muu044
  • Ferris, D. L., Yan, M., Lim, V. K., Chen, Y., & Fatimah, S. (2016). An approach–avoidance framework of workplace aggression. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1777–1800. 10.5465/amj.2014.0221
  • Finkelstein, L. M., King, E. B., & Voyles, E. C. (2015). Age metastereotyping and cross-age workplace interactions: A meta view of age stereotypes at work. Work, Aging and Retirement, 1(1), 26–40. 10.1093/workar/wau002
  • Gilbert, S., Horsman, P., & Kelloway, E. K. (2016). The motivation for transformational leadership scale. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(2), 158–180. 10.1108/LODJ-05-2014-0086
  • Glaser, E. M. (1973). Knowledge transfer and institutional change. Professional psychology, 4(4), 434–444. 10.1037/h0021445
  • Holt, S., Marques, J., Hu, J., & Wood, A. (2017). Cultivating empathy: New perspectives on educating business leaders. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 10(1), 1–25. 10.22543/0733.101.1173
  • Huff, A. S. (2008). Designing research for publication. Sage.
  • Itzchakov, G., & Latham, G. P. (2020). The moderating effect of performance feedback and the mediating effect of self‐set goals on the primed goal‐performance relationship. Applied Psychology, 69(2), 379–414. 10.1111/apps.12176
  • Jansen, K. J., Shipp, A. J., & Michael, J. H. (2016). Champions, converts, doubters, and defectors: The impact of shifting perceptions on momentum for change. Personnel psychology, 69(3), 673–707. 10.1111/peps.12120
  • Jones, D. S. (2020, March). History in a Crisis—Lessons for Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 pp. 1681-1683. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2004361
  • Joshi, A., Dencker, J. C., & Franz, G. (2011). Generations in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 177–205. 10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.002
  • Joshi, A., Dencker, J. C., Franz, G., & Martocchio, J. J. (2010). Unpacking generational identities in organizations. Academy of management review, 35(3), 392–414. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.3.zok392
  • Karambelkar, M., & Bhattacharya, S. (2017). Onboarding is a change. Human resource management international digest, 25(7), 5–8. 10.1108/HRMID-04-2017-0073
  • Klammer, A., & Gueldenberg, S. (2019). Unlearning and forgetting in organizations: a systematic review of literature. Journal of Knowledge management, 23(5), 860–888. 10.1108/JKM-05-2018-0277
  • Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Press.
  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2006). The leadership challenge (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lai, K. W., & Hong, K. S. (2015). Technology use and learning characteristics of students in higher education: Do generational differences exist?. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(4), 725–738. 10.1111/bjet.12161
  • Laudal, T., Bjaalid, G., & Mikkelsen, A. (2017). Hairy goals and organizational fit: a case of implementing ICT-supported task planning in a large hospital region. Journal of Change Management, 17(1), 9–30. 10.1080/14697017.2016.1161655
  • Lee, L. W., Hannah, D., & McCarthy, I. P. (2019). Do your employees think your slogan is “fake news?” A framework for understanding the impact of fake company slogans on employees. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 29(2), 199–208. 10.1108/JPBM-12-2018-2147
  • Lester, S. W., Standifer, R. L., Schultz, N. J., & Windsor, J. M. (2012). Actual versus perceived generational differences at work: An empirical examination. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 19(3), 341–354. 10.1177/1548051812442747
  • Lewin, K. (1947). Group decision and social change. In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in Social Psychology (pp. 330–344). Henry Holt.
  • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual review of sociology, 27(1), 363–385. 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory. Current directions in psychological science, 15(5), 265–268. 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00449.x
  • Lokuge, S., Sedera, D., Grover, V., & Dongming, X. (2019). Organizational readiness for digital innovation: Development and empirical calibration of a construct. Information & Management, 56(3), 445–461. 10.1016/j.im.2018.09.001
  • Luo, W., Song, L. J., Gebert, D. R., Zhang, K., & Feng, Y. (2016). How does leader communication style promote employees’ commitment at times of change?. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(2), 242–262. 10.1108/JOCM-11-2014-0204
  • Lyons, S., & Kuron, L. (2014). Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of organizational behavior, 35(S1), S139–S157. 10.1002/job.1913
  • Lyons, S. T., & Schweitzer, L. (2017). A qualitative exploration of generational identity: Making sense of young and old in the context of today’s workplace. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw024
  • Lyons, S. T., Schweitzer, L., Urick, M. J., & Kuron, L. (2019). A dynamic social-ecological model of generational identity in the workplace. Journal of intergenerational relationships, 17(1), 1–24. 10.1080/15350770.2018.1500332
  • L Argote, P Ingram (2000). Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, volume 82, p. 150 – 169
  • Macky, K., Gardner, D., & Forsyth, S. (2008). Generational differences at work: Introduction and overview. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 857–861. 10.1108/02683940810904358
  • Mannheim, K. (1970). The problem of generations. Psychoanalytic review, 57(3), 378–404. https://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=psar.057.0378a
  • Marín-López, I., Zych, I., Monks, C. P., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Empathy, morality and social and emotional competencies in interpersonal interactions online. In Thriving in digital workspaces (pp. 217–233). Springer, Cham
  • Marín-López, I., Zych, I., Monks, C. P., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Empathy, Morality and Social and Emotional Competencies in Interpersonal Interactions Online. In Melinde Coetzee (Ed.).,Thriving in Digital Workspaces (pp. 217–233). Springer.
  • Martiny, S. E., & Nikitin, J. (2019). Social identity threat in interpersonal relationships: Activating negative stereotypes decreases social approach motivation. Journal of experimental psychology. Applied, 25(1), 117–128. 10.1037/xap0000198
  • Mayo Clinic. (2020). Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963 Accessed March 23, 2020. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • Moen, P., Kojola, E., & Schaefers, K. (2017). Organizational change around an older workforce. The Gerontologist, 57(5), 847–856. 10.1093/geront/gnw048
  • Nonaka, I. (Ed.). (2005). Knowledge management: critical perspectives on business and management (Vol. 2). Taylor & Francis.
  • Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (2011). The wise leader. Harvard business review, 89(5), 58–67. https://hbr.org/2011/05/the-big-idea-the-wise-leader
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2020). COVID-19. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/ Accessed March 23, 2020. United States Department of Labor.
  • Opermann, S., & Kalmus, V. (2019). Operationalising Mannheim: empirical building blocks of generational identity. Operationalising Mannheim: empirical building blocks of generational identity (pp. 232–246). Pubblicazioni dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. https://www.academia.edu/40528927/OPERATIONALISING_MANNHEIM_EMPIRICAL_BUILDING_BLOCKS_OF_GENERATIONAL_IDENTITY;COMUNICAZIONI SOCIALI: JOURNAL OF MEDIA, PERFORMINGARTS AND CULTURAL STUDIES
  • Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International journal of management reviews, 13(1), 79–96. 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x
  • Patanakul, P., Pinto, J. K., & Pinto, M. B. (2016). Motivation to perform in a multiple-project environment: The impact of autonomy, support, goal clarity, and opportunities for learning. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 39(1), 65–80. 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2016.02.001
  • Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2018). Crafting the change: The role of employee job crafting behaviors for successful organizational change. Journal of management, 44(5), 1766–1792. 10.1177/0149206315624961
  • Pilcher, J. (1994). Mannheim’s sociology of generations: an undervalued legacy. British Journal of Sociology, 45(3), 481–495. 10.2307/591659
  • Pinel, E. C., & Paulin, N. (2005). Stigma consciousness at work. Basic and applied social psychology, 27(4), 345–352. 10.1207/s15324834basp2704_7
  • Rink, F., Ryan, M. K., & Stoker, J. I. (2013). Social resources at a time of crisis: How gender stereotypes inform gendered leader evaluations. European journal of social psychology, 43(5), 381–392. 10.1002/ejsp.1954
  • Rintamaki, L. S., & Brashers, D. E. (2010). Stigma and intergroup communication. In Howard Giles, Scott Reid, Jake Harwood (Eds.)., The dynamics of intergroup communication (pp. 155–166). Peter LangPublishing.
  • Rocker, K. (2016). Job Stress: Supervisor and Coworker Support in the United States Virtual Workplace (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University). online.
  • Rudolph, C. W., Costanza, D. P., Wright, C., & Zacher, H. (2019). Cross-temporal meta-analysis: A conceptual and empirical critique. Journal of business and psychology, Forthcoming, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09659-2
  • Rudolph, C. W., & Zacher, H. (2017). Considering generations from a lifespan developmental perspective. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw019
  • Sarkar, S., & Osiyevskyy, O. (2018). Organizational change and rigidity during crisis: A review of the paradox. European Management Journal, 36(1), 47–58. 10.1016/j.emj.2017.03.007
  • Schein, E. H. (1996). Kurt Lewin’s change theory in the field and in the classroom: Notes toward a model of managed learning. Systems practice, 9(1), 27–47. 10.1007/BF02173417
  • Schulz-Knappe, C., Koch, T., & Beckert, J. (2019). The importance of communicating change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 24(4), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-04-2019-0039
  • Smola, K. W., & Sutton, C. D. (2002). Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(4), 363–382. 10.1002/job.147
  • Smollan, R. K. (2017). Supporting staff through stressful organizational change. Human Resource Development International, 20(4), 282–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2017.1288028
  • Spencer, T., & Crawford, T. (2020). US moves nearer to shutdown amid coronavirus fears. AP News. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/1510caddee80ea2d73363fab76d55967 Accessed March 23, 2020.
  • Sprinkle, T. A., & Urick, M. J. (2018). Three generational issues in organizational learning. The Learning Organization, 25(2), 102–112. 10.1108/TLO-02-2017-0021
  • Stone, L. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). Trauma in real time: Talking and avoiding online conversations about the death of Princess Diana. Basic and applied social psychology, 24(3), 173–183. 10.1207/S15324834BASP2403_1
  • Tallon, P. P., Queiroz, M., Coltman, T., & Sharma, R. (2019). Information technology and the search for organizational agility: A systematic review with future research possibilities. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 218–237 doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2018.12.002
  • Urick, M. (2013). Intergenerational Interactions in Organizations: A Grounded Theory Examination. (Electronic Thesis or Dissertation). OhioLink. Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/. Accessed March 27, 2020.
  • Urick, M. (2017). Adapting training to meet the preferred learning styles of different generations. International Journal of Training and Development, 21(1), 53–59. 10.1111/ijtd.12093
  • Urick, M. J. (2012). Exploring generational identity: A multiparadigm approach. Journal of Business Diversity, 12(3), 103–115. http://www.na-businesspress.com/JBD/UrickMJ_Web12_3_.pdf
  • Urick, M. J. (2014). The presentation of self: Dramaturgical theory and generations in organizations. Journal of intergenerational relationships, 12(4), 398–412. 10.1080/15350770.2014.961829
  • Urick, M. J. (2019). The Generation Myth: How to improve intergenerational relationships in the workplace. Business Expert Press.
  • Urick, M. J., & Crandall, V. (2012). Engaging conflict while fostering cooperation: An organizational case study. In Jay Rothman (Ed.)., From Identity-based conflict to identity-based cooperation (pp. 157–174). Springer.
  • Urick, M. J., & Hollensbe, E. C. (2014). Toward an identity-based perspective of generations. In Emma Parry (Ed.)., Generational diversity at work: New research perspectives (pp. 114–128).
  • Urick, M. J., Hollensbe, E. C., & Fairhurst, G. T. (2017). Differences in understanding generation in the workforce. Journal of intergenerational relationships, 15(3), 221–240. 10.1080/15350770.2017.1329583
  • Urick, M. J., Hollensbe, E. C., Masterson, S. S., & Lyons, S. T. (2017). Understanding and managing intergenerational conflict: An examination of influences and strategies. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3(2), 166–185.
  • Van Rossem, A. H. (2019). Generations as social categories: An exploratory cognitive study of generational identity and generational stereotypes in a multigenerational workforce. Journal of organizational behavior, 40(4), 434–455. 10.1002/job.2341
  • Van Volkom, M., Stapley, J. C., & Amaturo, V. (2014). Revisiting the digital divide: Generational differences in technology use in everyday life. North American Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 557–574
  • Varela, N. D., & Gonzalez, C. J. (2018). Perception of transformational leadership style and its effectiveness on virtual work-teams (VWT). A literature review in the organizational context. Revista Espacios, 39(48), 15–25. http://ww.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n48/18394815.html
  • Verbeke, A., Schulz, R., Greidanus, N., & Hambley, L. (2008). Growing the virtual workplace: The integrative value proposition for telework. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., Vandebosch, H., Erreygers, S., & De Witte, H. (2017). The dark side of working online: Towards a definition and an Emotion Reaction model of workplace cyberbullying. Computers in human behavior, 69(1), 324–334. 10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.055
  • Weber, J., & Urick, M. J. (2017). Examining the millennials’ ethical profile: Assessing demographic variations in their personal value orientations. Business and Society Review, 122(4), 469–506. 10.1111/basr.12128
  • Weeks, K. P., & Schaffert, C. (2019). Generational differences in definitions of meaningful work: A mixed methods study. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 1045–1061. 10.1007/s10551-017-3621-4
  • Weeks, K. P., Weeks, M., & Long, N. (2017). Generational perceptions at work: In-group favoritism and out-group stereotypes. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 36(1), 33–53. 10.1108/EDI-07-2016-0062
  • Weick, K. E. (1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of management studies, 25(4), 305–317. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00039.x
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. WHO. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public Accessed March 23, 2020.
  • Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., … Guan, L. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet, 395, 1054–1062. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.