- Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego, 453 US 490 (1981) (citations omitted).
- City of Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, Inc., 476 U.S. 488 (1986).
- Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 (1969).
- Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241 (1974).
- 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1801.
- The fact that the Fairness Doctrine is not content-neutral may argue against its constitutionality, even if the broadcast spectrum is still deemed “scarce” and broadcasters continue to enjoy the fruits of their preferred position.
- Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S.1 (1976)
- Id. at 47–49.
- G. Shapiro, P. Kurland & J. Mercurio, Cable Speech 104 (1983).
- FCC v. Nat'l Citizens Committee for Broadcasting, 436 U.S. 775 (1978) and U.S. v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 552 F. Supp. 131 (D.D.C. 1982), aff'd mem. sub. nom. Maryland v. U.S., 460 U.S. 1001 (1983).
- J. S. Mill, On Liberty 32 (R. McCallum, ed. 1947).
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