References
- “The Global Fusion Industry in 2022, Fusion Companies Survey by the Fusion Industry Association,” Fusion Industry Association (2022); https://www.fusionindustryassociation.org/copy-of-about-the-fusion-industry.
- “European Research Roadmap to the Realisation of Fusion Energy,” EUROfusion (2018); https://www.euro-fusion.org/eurofusion/roadmap/.
- “Guidelines for the Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, Software, and Related Technology,” INFCIRC/254/Rev.12/Part 2; Nuclear Suppliers Group; https://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/images/NSG_Part_2_2022.pdf ( current as of Nov. 21, 2022).
- R. J. PEARSON, A. B. ANTONIAZZI, and W. J. NUTTALL, “Tritium Supply and Use: A Key Issue for the Development of Nuclear Fusion Energy,” Fusion Eng. Des., 136, Part B, 1140 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.090.
- J. C. SCHWENZER et al., “Operational Tritium Inventories in the EU-DEMO Fuel Cycle,” Fusion Sci. Technol., 78, 8, 664 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2022.2101834.
- M. KOVARI et al., “Tritium Resources Available for Fusion Reactors,” Nucl. Fusion, 58, 2, 26010 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa9d25.
- M. LORD, UK Atomic Energy Authority, “STEP Start-Up Tritium,” Personal Communications (2022).
- “ITER Research Plan with the Staged Approach (Level III – Provisional Version), Appendix I: Tritium Availability,” ITER report ITR-18-003, ITER Organization (Sep. 2018).
- N. TRANTEA, “Cernavoda Tritium Removal Facility Project Status and Plan,” presented at the 13th Int. Conf. on Tritium Science and Technology (Tritium 2022), Bucharest, Romania, October 16–22, 2022.
- “ Certification for Type 8 Radioactive materials Package Design,” U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (May 18, 2021); https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2113/ML21138A943.pdf ( current as of Nov. 21, 2022).
- F. A. HERNÁNDEZ and P. PERESLAVTSEV, “First Principles Review of Options for Tritium Breeder and Neutron Multiplier Materials for Breeding Blankets in Fusion Reactors,” Fusion Eng. Des., 137, 243 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.09.014.
- A. V. VERTKOV et al., “Comparative Analysis of Lithium First Wall Concepts for Tokamak with Reactor Technologies,” Plasma Phys. Rep., 47, 1245 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X21110258.
- A. DE CASTRO et al., “Lithium, a Path to Make Fusion Energy Affordable,” Phys. Plasmas, 28, 050901 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042437.
- “Managing Critical Isotopes: Stewardship of Lithium-7 Is Needed to Ensure a Stable Supply, United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), Report to the Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives,” Report GAO-13-716, U.S. Government Accountability Office (2013).
- M. KEILHACKER, M. L. WATKINS, and JET TEAM, “D-T Experiments in the JET Tokamak,” J. Nucl. Mater., 266–269, 1 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00811-3.
- R. J. H. PEARCE et al., “New Safety and Technical Challenges and Operational Experience on the JET First Trace Tritium Experiment,” Fusion Sci. Technol., 48, 274 (2005); https://doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A926.
- R. J. HAWRYLUK, “Results from D-T Experiments on TFTR and Implications for Achieving an Ignited Plasma,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A., 357, 443 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1999.0336.
- C. DAY et al., “The Pre-concept Design of the DEMO Tritium, Matter Injection and Vacuum Systems,” Fusion Eng. Des., 179, 113139 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113139.
- R. LASSER et al., “The Preparative Gas Chromatographic System for the JET Active Gas Handling System—Tritium Commissioning and Use During and After DTE1,” Fusion Eng. Des., 47, 301 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00088-5.
- D. PARK et al., “Dynamic Optimization of Cryogenic Distillation Operation for Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Fusion Power Plant,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 49, 24135 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.199.
- J. ANDERSON et al., “Experience of TSTA Milestone Runs with 100 Grams-Level of Tritium,” Fusion Technol., 14, 438 (1988); https://doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25171.
- C. TESCH et al., “Tritium System Test Assembly (TSTA) Stabilization,” Fusion Sci. Technol., 48, 1, 258 (2005); https://doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A923.
- A. SANTUCCI et al., “The Issue of Tritium in DEMO Coolant and Mitigation Strategies,” Fusion Eng. Des., 158, 111759 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111759.
- A. ANTONIAZZI and C. WU, “Pathways to Tritium Emissions from CANDU Stations,” CANDU Owner’s Group (COG) COG-07-3060 (June 2009).
- L. RODRIGO, “Tritium Emission Sources in Darlington Tritium Removal Facility,” CANDU Owner’s Group (COG) TN-09-3064 (Dec. 2009).
- “JET Decommissioning and Repurposing,” UK Atomic Energy Authority (Nov. 9, 2022); https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jet-decommissioning-and-repurposing ( current as of Nov. 23, 2022).
- M. KRESINA et al., “Preparation of Commissioning of Materials Detritiation Facility at Culham Science Centre”, Fusion Eng. Des., 136, Part B, 1391 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.05.019.
- “Toward Fusion Energy: The UK Government’s Proposals for a Regulatory Framework for Fusion Energy,” Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, UK Government (Oct. 1, 2021); https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/towards-fusion-energy-proposals-for-a-regulatory-framework (current as of June 20, 2022).
- “Review of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission’s Regulatory Framework for Readiness to Regulate Fusion Technologies,” Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), report RSP-762.1 (March 2022).
- M. PAPADOPOULOU et al., “Exploring Regulatory Options for Fusion Power Plants,” Publications Office of the European Union (2021); https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/980320.