69
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

SEM Evaluation of Carbonized Petroleum Residues

, , , , &
Pages 65-76 | Received 27 Sep 2005, Accepted 10 Jan 2006, Published online: 12 Jan 2007

References

  • Gorton , L. 1995 . Carbon paste electrodes modified with enzymes tissues and cells . Electroanalysis , 7 ( 1 ) : 23 – 45 .
  • Sotiropoulou , S. , Gavalas , V. , Vamvakaki , V. and Chaniotakis , N. A. 2003 . Novel carbon materials in biosensor systems . Biosensors Bioelectron. , 18 : 211 – 215 .
  • Alkaniz , M. J. , Cazola‐Amoros , D. , Linares‐Solano , A. I. , Oya , A. , Sakamoto , A. and Hoshi , K. 1997 . Preparation of general purpose carbon fibers from coal tar pitches with low softening point . Carbon , 35 ( 8 ) : 1079 – 1087 .
  • Anariba , F. and McCreery , R. L. 2002 . Electronic conductance behaviors of carbon based molecular junctions with conjugated structures . J. Phys. Chem. , 106 : 10355 – 10362 .
  • McCreery , R. L. 1991 . “ Carbon electrodes: Structural effects on electron‐transfer kinetics ” . In Electroanalytical Chemistry Edited by: Bard , A. J. Vol. 17 , 221 – 374 . New York : Dekker .
  • Marsh , H. and Warburton , A. P. 1970 . Catalysis of graphitization . J. Appl. Chem. , 20 ( 5 ) : 133 – 142 .
  • Pearce , M. L. and Heintz , E. A. 1966 . Apparent catalysis of graphitization—Possible mechanisms . J. Phys. Chem. , 70 ( 6 ) : 1935 – 1942 .
  • Mochida , I. , Shimizu , K. , Otsuka , Y. K. , Sakai , Y. and Fujiyama , S. 1990 . Preparation of mesophase pitch from aromatic hydrocarbons by the aid of HF/BF3 . Carbon , 28 ( 2–3 ) : 311 – 319 .
  • Mochida , I. , Nakamura , E. , Maeda , K. and Takeshita , K. 1975 . Carbonization of aromatic hydrocarbons‐III: Carbonization catalyzed by alkali metals . Carbon , 13 ( 6 ) : 489 – 493 .
  • Yang , K. S. , Lee , D. J. , An , K. H. , Choi , J. H. , Kumagai , H. and Sanada , Y. 2000 . Carbonization behavior of coal tar pitch modified with benzoquinone . J. Mater. Sci. , 35 ( 8 ) : 2087 – 2092 .
  • Ishaq , M. , Khan , M. A. and Yashima , T. J. 1998 . Tranformation of n‐butane over HZSM‐5 and other MFI types zeolite . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 56 : 169 – 181 .
  • Ishaq , M. , Khan , M. A. and Yashima , T. J. 1999 . Aromatization of butane over gallosilicates . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 60 : 173 – 184 .
  • Mazzone , D. M. , Venkat , C. R. and Collins , N. A. (1999) Alkyl aromatics production . United States Patent 5902917 . Issued on May 11, 1999 .
  • Donnet , J. B. , Wang , T. K. and Shen , Z. M. 1996 . Atomic scale STM study of pitch based carbon fibers: Influence of mesophase content and heat treatment temperature . Carbon , 34 ( 11 ) : 1413 – 1418 .
  • Can , M. , Özaslan , H. , Işıldak , Ö. , Pekmez , N. Ö. and Yıldız , A. 2004 . Investigation of catalytic effects of the proton and Lewis acids on oligomerization and chemical polymerization of pyrrole . Polymer , 45 ( 20 ) : 7011 – 7016 .
  • de Angelis , A. , Ingallina , P. D. , Berti , D. , Montanari , L. and Clerici , M. G. 1999 . Solid acid catalyst for alkylation of hydrocarbons . Catal. Lett. , 61 ( 1–2 ) : 45 – 49 .
  • Taylor , H. 1961 . Surface catalysis . Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. , 12 : 127 – 150 .
  • Choi , Y. O. and Yang , K. S. 2001 . Preparation of carbon fibers from heavy oil residue through bromination . Fibers Polym. , 2 ( 4 ) : 178 – 183 .
  • Izumi , Y. , Urabe , K. and Onaka , M. 1997 . Zeolite clay and hetropolyacid in organic reactions . Catal. Surv. Japan , 1 ( 1 ) : 17 – 23 .
  • Nagendrappa , G. 2002 . Organic synthesis using clay catalysts . Resonance , January : 64 – 77 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.