References
- Tielens, A. G. Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2008, 46, 289–337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211.
- Peeters, E.; Cami, J.; et al. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. In Handbook of Astrobiology; Gargaud, M., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2011; Vol. 2, pp 1307–1312.
- Kwok, S. Organic Matter in the Universe; Wiley-VCH: Weiheim, 2012.
- Kwok, S.; Zhang, Y. Unidentified Infrared Emission Bands: PAHs or MAONs? Astrophys. J. 2013, 771, 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/5.
- Kwok, S. Organic Compounds in Circumstellar and Interstellar Environments. Orig Life Evol Biosph. 2015, 45, 113–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11084-015-9410-0.
- Sadjadi, S.; Zhang, Y.; Kwok, S. A Theoretical Study on the Vibrational Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules with Aliphatic Sidegroups. Astrophys. J. 2015, 801, 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/34.
- Kwok, S. Complex Organics in Space from Solar System to Distant Galaxies. Astronom. Astrophys. Rev. 2016, 24, 27.
- Galué, H. A. Origin of Spectral Band Patterns in the Cosmic Unidentified Infrared Emission. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017, 119, 117102.
- Yang, X. J.; Glaser, R.; Li, A.; Zhong, J. X. The Carriers of the Unidentified Infrared Emission Features: Clues from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Aliphatic Sidegroups. New Astron. Rev. 2017, 77, 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2017.01.001.
- Kwok, S. Formation and Delivery of Complex Organic Molecules to the Solar System and Early Earth. In Handbook of Astrobiology; Kolb, V. M., Ed.; Chapter 4.2; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2019; pp 165–173.
- Cataldo, F.; García-Hernández, D. A.; Manchado, A. Far-and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Complex Organic Matter of Astrochemical Interest: Coal, Heavy Petroleum Fractions and Asphaltenes. Monthly Not. Royal Astronom. Soc. 2013, 429, 3025–3039. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts558.
- Cataldo, F.; Garcia-Hernandez, A. D.; Manchado, A. Petroleum, Coal and Other Organics in Space. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2020, 365, 13.
- Kwok, S. The Mystery of Unidentified Infrared Emission Bands. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.02892.
- Tokunaga, A. T.; Wada, S. Quenched Carbonaceous Composite: A Laboratory Analog for Carbonaceous Material in the Interstellar Medium. Adv. Space Res. 1997, 19, 1009–1017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00342-6.
- Cataldo, F.; García-Hernández, D. A.; Manchado, A. Asphaltenes as Model Compounds of the UIBs/AIBs Detected in Various Astrophysical Objects. Part 1–Petroleum Asphaltenes Carbonization. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2021, 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2021.1967325.
- Cataldo, F.; García-Hernández, D. A.; Manchado, A. Asphaltenes as Model Compounds of the UIBs/AIBs Detected in Various Astrophysical Objects. Part 2–Natural Bitumens Asphaltenes Carbonization. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2021, 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2021.2012162.
- Endo, I.; Sakon, I.; Onaka, T.; Kimura, Y.; Kimura, S.; Wada, S.; Helton, L. A.; Lau, R. M.; Kebukawa, Y.; Muramatsu, Y.; et al. On the Nature of Organic Dust in Novae. Astrophys. J. 2021, 917, 103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0cf1.
- Hsia, C. H.; Zhang, Y.; Sadjadi, S.; Chau, W.; Han, H. J.; Chen, J. F. Morphological Study of the Nested Planetary Nebula Hubble 12. A&A. 2021, 655, A46–A14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141508.
- Cataldo, F.; García-Hernández, D. A.; Manchado, A. FT-IR Spectroscopy of Carbonized Acenes: A Possible Key for the UIBs/AIBs Origins. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2018, 26, 820–826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2018.1502178.
- Cataldo, F.; Angelini, G.; García-Hernández, D. A.; Manchado, A. Far Infrared (Terahertz) Spectroscopy of a Series of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Application to Structure Interpretation of Asphaltenes and Related Compounds. Spectrochim. Acta A: Molecul. Biomolecul. Spectrosc. 2013, 111, 68–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.077.
- Cataldo, F.; Strazzulla, G.; Iglesias-Groth, S. Stability of C60 and C70 Fullerenes toward Corpuscular and γ Radiation. Mon Notices Royal Astronom. Soc. 2009, 394, 615–623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14369.x.
- Iglesias-Groth, S.; Hafez, Y.; Angelini, G.; Cataldo, F. γ Radiolysis of C60 Fullerene in Water and Water/Ammonia Mixtures: Relevance of Fullerene Fate in Ices of Interstellar Medium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2013, 298, 1073–1083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2484-0.
- Ursini, O.; Angelini, G.; Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S. Fullerene Radiolysis in Astrophysical Ice Analogs: A Mass Spectrometric Study of the Products. Astrobiology 2019, 19, 903–914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1905.
- Sadjadi, S.; Parker, Q. A. It Remains a Cage: Ionization Tolerance of C60 Fullerene in Planetary Nebulae. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2021, 29, 620–625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2021.1876677.
- Cataldo, F.; Keheyan, Y. Heavy Petroleum Fractions as Possible Analogues of Carriers of the Unidentified Infrared Bands. Int. J. Astrobiol. 2003, 2, 41–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550403001381.
- Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S. Radiation Chemical Aspects of the Origins of Life. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2017, 311, 1081–1097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4914-2.
- Mullins, O. C., Sheu, E. Y., Hammami, A., Marshall, A. G. (Eds.). Asphaltenes. In Heavy Oils, and Petroleomics. Springer Science & Business Media: New York, 2007; Vol. 27.
- Schuler, B.; Meyer, G.; Peña, D.; Mullins, O. C.; Gross, L. Unraveling the Molecular Structures of Asphaltenes by Atomic Force Microscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 9870–9876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04056.
- Schuler, B.; Fatayer, S.; Meyer, G.; Rogel, E.; Moir, M.; Zhang, Y.; Harper, M. R.; Pomerantz, A. E.; Bake, K. D.; Witt, M.; et al. Heavy Oil Based Mixtures of Different Origins and Treatments Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy. Energy Fuels 2017, 31, 6856–6861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00805.
- Chen, P.; Metz, J. N.; Gross, A. S.; Smith, S. E.; Rucker, S. P.; Yao, N.; Zhang, Y. Ex Situ and In Situ Thermal Transformations of m-50 Pitch Revealed by Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy. Energy Fuels 2021, 35, 18210–18219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02487.
- Jacobse, P. H.; Moret, M. E.; Gebbink, R. J. K.; Swart, I. Tracking on-Surface Chemistry with Atomic Precision. Synlett 2017, 28, 2509–2516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590867.
- Gross, L.; Schuler, B.; Pavliček, N.; Fatayer, S.; Majzik, Z.; Moll, N.; Pena, D.; Meyer, G. Atomic Force Microscopy for Molecular Structure Elucidation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2018, 57, 3888–3908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703509.
- Zhang, Y.; Schuler, B.; Fatayer, S.; Gross, L.; Harper, M. R.; Kushnerick, J. D. Understanding the Effects of Sample Preparation on the Chemical Structures of Petroleum Imaged with Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2018, 57, 15935–15941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03962.
- Alldritt, B.; Hapala, P.; Oinonen, N.; Urtev, F.; Krejci, O.; Federici Canova, F.; Kannala, J.; Schulz, F.; Liljeroth, P.; Foster, A. S. Automated Structure Discovery in Atomic Force Microscopy. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaay6913.
- Scott, D. E.; Schulze, M.; Stryker, J. M.; Tykwinski, R. R. Deciphering Structure and Aggregation in Asphaltenes: Hypothesis-Driven Design and Development of Synthetic Model Compounds. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 9202–9239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00048a.
- Zhong, Q.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.; Chi, L. Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy: Bond Imaging and beyond. Surf. Sci. Rep. 2020, 75, 100509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2020.100509.
- Law, J. C.; Headen, T. F.; Jiménez-Serratos, G.; Boek, E. S.; Murgich, J.; Müller, E. A. Catalogue of Plausible Molecular Models for the Molecular Dynamics of Asphaltenes and Resins Obtained from Quantitative Molecular Representation. Energy Fuels 2019, 33, 9779–9795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02605.
- Qiyong, X.; Wyclif, K.; Jingjun, P.; Xiong, R.; Deng, W.; Zhang, S.; Guo, J.; Yang, Y. Analysis of Xinjiang Asphaltenes Using High Precision Spectroscopy. RSC Adv. 2020, 10, 39425–39433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA07278H.
- Zheng, F.; Shi, Q.; Vallverdu, G. S.; Giusti, P.; Bouyssiere, B. Fractionation and Characterization of Petroleum Asphaltene: Focus on Metalopetroleomics. Processes 2020, 8, 1504–1532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111504.
- Cataldo, F.; Ursini, O.; Nasillo, G.; Caponetti, E.; Carbone, M.; Valentini, F.; Palleschi, G.; Braun, T. Thermal Properties, Raman Spectroscopy and TEM Images of Neutron-Bombarded Graphite. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2013, 21, 634–643. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2012.654533.
- Cataldo, F.; Angelini, G.; Révay, Z.; Osawa, E.; Braun, T. Wigner Energy of Nanodiamond Bombarded with Neutrons or Irradiated with γ Radiation. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2014, 22, 861–865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2013.858131.
- Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S.; Hafez, Y.; Angelini, G. Neutron Bombardment of Single Wall Carbon Nanohorn (SWCNH): DSC Determination of the Stored Wigner-Szilard Energy. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2014, 299, 1955–1963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2893-0.
- Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S. Neutron Damage of Hexagonal Boron Nitride: h-BN. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2017, 313, 261–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5289-8.
- Ori, O.; Cataldo, F.; Putz, M. V.; Kaatz, F.; Bultheel, A. Cooperative Topological Accumulation of Vacancies in Honeycomb Lattices. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2016, 24, 353–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2016.1155561.
- Iglesias-Groth, S.; Cataldo, F.; Hafez, Y. Neutron Bombardment of C60 and C70 Fullerenes: A Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Study. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2016, 24, 547–554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2016.1204602.
- Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S.; Prata, M. Neutron Bombardment of Lithium Bis (Oxalato) Borate: LiBOB. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2017, 313, 239–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5285-z.
- Cataldo, F.; Iglesias-Groth, S.; Hafez, Y. Neutron Bombardment of Boron Carbide B12C3: A FT-IR, Calorimetric (DSC) and ESR Study. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2017, 25, 371–378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2017.1303831.
- Pascale, S.; Scatena, E.; Fabbri, F.; Cataldo, F. Morphological and Structural Properties of Neutron-Irradiated B12C3 Boron Carbide Microcrystals. Fullerenes Nanot. Carbon Nanostruct. 2017, 25, 585–588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2017.1350173.
- Choppin, G.; Ridberg, Y. Nuclear Chemistry Theory and Applications; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1984, Chapter 16.
- Hurst, G. S. Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons, and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gamma Rays; National Bureau of Standards Handbook No. 75: Washington, DC, 1961.
- Roder, M. Aromatic Hydrocarbons. In Radiation Chemistry of Hydrocarbons; Földiák, G., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1981; Chapter 6.
- Milinchuck, V. K.; Tupikov, V. I. Organic Radiation Chemistry Handbook. Ellis Horwood Ltd: Chichester, 1989; Chapter 4.
- Cataldo, F.; Keheyan, Y.; Baccaro, S. Gamma Radiolysis of a Heavy Petroleum Fraction. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003, 258, 537–541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JRNC.0000011748.79673.e4.
- Cataldo, F.; Keheyan, Y.; Baccaro, S. The Effect of Gamma-Irradiation of Anthracite Coal and Oil Bitumen. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004, 262, 443–450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JRNC.0000046775.43731.5d.
- Hernández, M. S.; Silva, P. J. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the Fractions and Trapped Compounds in Asphaltenes of Merey Heavy Crude Oils and Its Vacuum Residue. Energy Fuels 2020, 34, 5641–5651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00254.
- Friedel, R. A.; Orchin, M. Ultraviolet Spectra of Aromatic Compounds; Wiley: New York, 1951.
- Hirayama, K. Handbook of Ultraviolet and Visible Absorption Spectra of Organic Compounds; Plenum Press Data Division: New York, 1967.
- Perkampus, H. H. UV-VIS Atlas of Organic Compounds. VCH: Wheinheim, 1992.
- Chang, H.-L.; Wong, G. K.; Lin, J.-R.; Yen, T. F. Electron Spin Resonance Study of Bituminous Substances and Asphaltenes. In Asphaltenes and Asphalt; Yen, T. F., Chilingarian, G. V. Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2000; Vol. 2, Chapter 9.
- Zhang, Y.; Siskin, M.; Gray, M. R.; Walters, C. C.; Rodgers, R. P. Mechanisms of Asphaltene Aggregation: Puzzles and a New Hypothesis. Energy Fuels 2020, 34, 9094–9107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01564.
- Zhang, L. L.; Yang, C. H.; Wang, J. Q.; Yang, G. H.; Li, L.; Li, Y. V.; Cathles, L. Study on the Dipole Moment of Asphaltene Molecules through Dielectric Measuring. Fuel 2015, 140, 609–615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.010.