91
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Static Magnetic Field Exposure Affects Behavior and Learning in Rats

, , , , &
Pages 185-196 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Abdelmelek H., Molnar A., et al. Skeletal muscle HSP72 and norepinephrine response to static magnetic field in rat. J. Neural Transm. 2006; 113: 821–827
  • Antoniazzi D., Marraccini P., et al. Evaluation of various psychologic parameters in a group of workers occupationally exposed to radiofrequency. G. Ital. Med. Lav. 1988; 10: 193–200
  • Bell G., Marino A., et al. Electrical states in the rabbit brain can be altered by light and electromagnetic fields. Brain Res. 1992; 570: 307–315
  • Bell G. B., Marino A. A., et al. Human sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. Lancet 1991; 338: 1521–1522
  • Chater S., Abdelmelek H., et al. Exposure to static magnetic field of pregnant rats induces hepatic GSH elevation but not oxidative DNA damage in liver and kidney. Arch. Med. Res. 2006; 37: 941–946
  • Cook M. R., Graham C., et al. A replication study of human exposure to 60-Hz fields: effects on neurobehavioral measures. Bioelectromagnetics 1992; 13: 261–285
  • Coots A., Shi R., Rosen A. D. Effect of a 0.5-T static magnetic field on conduction in guinea pig spinal cord. J. Neurol. Sci. 2004; 222: 55–57
  • Cosquer B., Galani R., et al. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter anxiety responses in rats: a plus-maze study including test validation. Behav. Brain Res. 2005; 156: 65–74
  • de Vocht F., van-Wendel-de-Joode B., et al. Neurobehavioral effects among subjects exposed to high static and gradient magnetic fields from a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system—a case-crossover pilot study. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 50: 670–674
  • Duan L. R., Wu Q. Y., Liu F. P. Effect of static magnetic field on development toxicity of rat embryonic midbrain neurons cells. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2004; 38: 190–192
  • Durand M., Berton O., et al. Effects of repeated fluoxetine on anxiety-related behaviours, central serotonergic systems, and the corticotropic axis in SHR and WKY rats. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 893–907
  • Espinar A., Piera V., et al. Histological changes during development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo exposed to a static magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 1997; 18: 36–46
  • Feychting M. Health effects of static magnetic fields—a review of the epidemiological evidence. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2005; 87: 241–246
  • Frey A. H. Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. Faseb. J. 1993; 7: 272–281
  • Frye C. A., Petralia S. M., Rhodes M. E. Estrous cycle and sex differences in performance on anxiety tasks coincide with increases in hippocampal progesterone and 3alpha,5alpha-THP. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000; 67: 587–596
  • Gershon A. A., Dannon P. N., Grunhaus L. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. Amer. J. Psychiatr. 2003; 160: 835–845
  • Graham C., Cook M. R., et al. Human exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields: neurophysiological effects. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 1999; 33: 169–175
  • Herrmann L. L., Ebmeier K. P. Factors modifying the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a review. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 2006; 67: 1870–1876
  • Hong C. Z., Huestis P., et al. Learning ability of young rats is unaffected by repeated exposure to a static electromagnetic field in early life. Bioelectromagnetics 1988; 9: 269–273
  • Hong F. T. Magnetic field effects on biomolecules, cells, and living organisms. Biosystems 1995; 36: 187–229
  • Hossmann K. A., Hermann D. M. Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 2003; 24: 49–62
  • Houpt T. A., Pittman D. W., et al. Behavioral effects of high-strength static magnetic fields on rats. J. Neurosci. 2003; 23: 1498–1505
  • Izumi J., Washizuka M., et al. Evidence for a depressive-like state induced by repeated saline injections in Fischer 344 rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1997; 57: 883–888
  • Jeljeli M., Strazielle C., et al. Effects of centrolateral or medial thalamic lesions on motor coordination and spatial orientation in rats. Neurosci. Res. 2000; 38: 155–164
  • Keck M. E., Engelmann M., et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces active coping strategies and attenuates the neuroendocrine stress response in rats. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2000; 34: 265–276
  • Kheifets L. I., Afifi A. A., et al. Occupational electric and magnetic field exposure and brain cancer: a meta-analysis. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 1995; 37: 1327–1341
  • Lai H. Spatial learning deficit in the rat after exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 1996; 17: 494–496
  • Lai H., Carino M. A., et al. Single vs. repeated microwave exposure: effects on benzodiazepine receptors in the brain of the rat. Bioelectromagnetics, 1992; 13: 57–66
  • Lai H., Carino M. A., et al. Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on central cholinergic systems of the rat. Bioelectromagnetics 1993; 14: 5–15
  • Lai H., Carino M. A., Ushijima I. Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field affects rats’ water-maze performance. Bioelectromagnetics 1998; 19: 117–122
  • Levine R. L., Bluni T. D. Magnetic field effects on spatial discrimination learning in mice. Physiol. Behav. 1994; 55: 465–467
  • Levine R. L., Dooley J. K., Bluni T. D. Magnetic field effects on spatial discrimination and melatonin levels in mice. Physiol. Behav. 1995; 58: 535–537
  • Lovely R. H. Recent studies in the behavioral toxicology of ELF electric and magnetic fields. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1988; 257: 327–347
  • Lyskov E., Juutilainen J., et al. Influence of short-term exposure of magnetic field on the bioelectrical processes of the brain and performance. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 1993a; 14: 227–231
  • Lyskov E. B., Juutilainen J., et al. Effects of 45-Hz magnetic fields on the functional state of the human brain. Bioelectromagnetics 1993b; 14: 87–95
  • McKinlay A. F., Repacholi M. H. More research is needed to determine the safety of static magnetic fields. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2005; 87: 173–174
  • Morris R. G., Garrud P., et al. Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 1982; 297: 681–683
  • Nakagawa M., Matsuda Y. A strong static-magnetic field alters operant responding by rats. Bioelectromagnetics 1988; 9: 25–37
  • Ottoni E. B. EthoLog 2.2: a tool for the transcription and timing of behavior observation sessions. Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput. 2000; 32: 446–449
  • Pare W. P. Open field, learned helplessness, conditioned defensive burying, and forced-swim tests in WKY rats. Physiol. Behav. 1994; 55: 433–439
  • Pellow S., Chopin P., et al. Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 1985; 14: 149–167
  • Prato F. S., Wills J. M., et al. Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats is altered by exposure to magnetic fields associated with magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1994; 27: 528–534
  • Ramos A., Berton O., et al. A multiple-test study of anxiety-related behaviours in six inbred rat strains. Behav. Brain Res. 1997; 85: 57–69
  • Ray S., Behari J. Physiological changes in rats after exposure to low levels of microwaves. Radiat. Res. 1990; 123: 199–202
  • Reiter R. J. Static and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure: reported effects on the circadian production of melatonin. J. Cell Biochem. 1993; 51: 394–403
  • Repacholi M. H. Health risks from the use of mobile phones. Toxicol. Lett. 2001; 120: 323–331
  • Repacholi M. H., Greenebaum B. Interaction of static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields with living systems: health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 133–160
  • Rodgers R. J., Dalvi A. Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1997; 21: 801–810
  • Rodgers R. J., Johnson N. J. Factor analysis of spatiotemporal and ethological measures in the murine elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1995; 52: 297–303
  • Rosen A. D. Mechanism of action of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on biological systems. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 2003; 39: 163–173
  • Rosen A. D., Lubowsky J. Modification of spontaneous unit discharge in the lateral geniculate body by a magnetic field. Exp. Neurol. 1990; 108: 261–265
  • Roy V., Chapillon P. Further evidences that risk assessment and object exploration behaviours are useful to evaluate emotional reactivity in rodents. Behav. Brain Res. 2004; 154: 439–448
  • Rudolph K., Krauchi K., et al. Weak 50-Hz electromagnetic fields activate rat open field behavior. Physiol. Behav. 1985; 35: 505–508
  • Saito K., Suzuki H., Suzuki K. Teratogenic effects of static magnetic field on mouse fetuses. Reprod. Toxicol. 2006; 22: 118–124
  • Saunders R. Static magnetic fields: animal studies. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2005; 87: 225–239
  • Sienkiewicz Z. J., Bartram R., et al. Single, brief exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field does not affect the performance of an object recognition task in adult mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22: 19–26
  • Sienkiewicz Z. J., Haylock R. G., Saunders R. D. Deficits in spatial learning after exposure of mice to a 50 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 1998; 19: 79–84
  • Stollery B. T. Effects of 50 Hz electric currents on mood and verbal reasoning skills. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1986; 43: 339–349
  • Theriault G., Goldberg M., et al. Cancer risks associated with occupational exposure to magnetic fields among electric utility workers in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and France: 1970–1989. Amer. J. Epidemiol. 1994; 139: 550–572
  • Thomas J. R., Schrot J., Liboff A. R. Low-intensity magnetic fields alter operant behavior in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 1986; 7: 349–357
  • Treit D., Menard J., Royan C. Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1993; 44: 463–469
  • Trimmel M., Schweiger E. Effects of an ELF (50 Hz, 1 mT) electromagnetic field (EMF) on concentration in visual attention, perception and memory including effects of EMF sensitivity. Toxicol. Lett. 1998; 96–97: 377–382
  • Villa M., Mustarelli P., Caprotti M. Biological effects of magnetic fields. Life Sci. 1991; 49: 85–92
  • Zecca L., Ferrario P., et al. Neurotransmitter amino acid variations in striatum of rats exposed to 50 Hz electric fields. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1991; 1075: 1–5
  • Zecca L., Mantegazza C., et al. Biological effects of prolonged exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields in rats: III. 50 Hz electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1998; 19: 57–66

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.