Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Nerve Cell Damage in Rat Brain 14 and 28 Days After Exposure to Microwaves from GSM Mobile Phones

References

• Crawford M. L. Generation of standard EM fields using TEM transmission cells. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 1974; EMC-16(4)189–195
   Google Scholar
• de Pomerai D. I., Smith B., et al. Microwave radiation can alter protein conformation without bulk heating. FEBS Lett. 2003; 543(1–3)93–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimerl S., Schramm M. Acute glutamate toxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells: agonist potency, effects of pH, Zn2+ and the potentiation by serum albumin. Brain Res. 1991; 560(1–2)282–290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksson K., Kalimo H., et al. Nerve cell injury in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Neuropathol. 1988; 76: 227–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritze K., Sommer C., et al. Effect of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in rat. Acta Neuropathol. 1997; 94: 465–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassel B., Grini Iversen E., Fonnum F. Neurotoxicity of albumin in vivo. Neuroscience Lett. 1994; 167: 29–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundi M., Mild K., et al. Mobile telephones and cancer—a review of epidemiological evidence. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 2004; 7(5)351–384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc, D., Hatcher, D., Post, R. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Front-end Uility. Brooks Airforce Base, Brooks City-Base, TX 2000
   Google Scholar
• Leszczynski D., Joenväärä S., et al. Non-thermal activation of hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects. Differentation 2002; 70(2+3)1–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malmgren, L. (1998). Radio Frequency Systems for NMR Imaging: Coil Development and Studies of Non-thermal Biological Effects. Thesis, Lund. ISSN: 1402–8662.
   Google Scholar
• Martens L., van Hese J., et al. Electromagnetic field calculations used for exposure experiments on small animals in TEM-cells. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 1993; 30: 73–81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulder J. E., Foster K. R., et al. Mobile phones, mobile phone base stations and cancer: a review. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2005; 81(3)189–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nylund R., Leszczynski D. Mobile phone radiation causes changes in gene and protein expression in human endothelial cell lines and the response seems to be genome- and proteome-dependent. Proteomics 2006; 6(17)4769–4780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oscar K. J., Hawkins T. D. Microwave alternation of the blood-brain barrier system of rats. Brain Res. 1977; 126: 281–293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson B. R. R., Salford L. G., Brun A. Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication. Wireless Netw. 1997; 3: 455–461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulletier de Gannes, F., Haro, E., et al. (2006). Do GSM-900 signals affect blood-brain barrier permeability and neuron viability? 28th Ann. Mtg. Bioelectromagn. Soc. Cancun, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Salahuddin T. S., Johansson B. B., et al. Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusions of hyperosmolar solutions: an electron microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol. 1988; 77: 5–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salford L. G., Brun A., et al. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50 and 200 Hz. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 1993; 30: 293–301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salford L. G., Brun A., et al. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. Microsci. Res. Technol. 1994; 27(6)535–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salford L. G., Brun A. E., et al. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003; 111(7)881–883, ; discussion A408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivers R. R., Kavaliers M., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging temporarily alters blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 1987; 76: 25–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokrab T. E., Johansson B. B., et al. A transient hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier can lead to brain damage. Extravasation of serum proteins and cellular changes in rats subjected to aortic compression. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 1988a; 75(6)557–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokrab T. E., Johansson B. B., et al. Adrenaline-induced hypertension: morphological consequences of the blood-brain barrier disturbance. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1988b; 77(5)387–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokrab T. E., Kalimo H., Johansson B. B. Parenchymal changes related to plasma protein extravasation in experimental seizures. Epilepsia 1990; 31(1)1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolgskaya, M. S., Gordon, Z. V. Pathological Effects of Radio Waves. Consultants Bureau, London 1973
   Google Scholar
• Töre F., Dulou P. E., . Two-hour exposure to 2-W/kg, 900-MHz GSM microwaves induces plasma protein extravasation in rat brain and dura mater. 5th Int. Congr. Eur. Bioelectromagn. Assoc, M. Hietanen, K. Jokela, J. Juutilainen, et al. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 2001
   Google Scholar
• Tsurita G., Nagawa H., et al. Biological and morphological effects on the brain after exposure of rats to a 1439 MHz TDMA field. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 21: 364–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunkel A. R., Scheld M. Alterations of the blood-brain barrier in bacterial meningitis: in vivo and in vitro models. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1989; 8(12)911–913
   PubMedGoogle Scholar