The Transition to Middle School is Associated with Changes in the Developmental Trajectory of ADHD Symptomatology in Young Adolescents with ADHD

REFERENCES

• Alspaugh , J. W. , & Harting , R. D. ( 1995 ). Transition effects of school grade-level organization on student achievement . Journal of Research and Development in Education , 28 ( 3 ), 145 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1987 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 3rd ed. . Washington , DC : Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. ( 1994 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 4th ed. . Washington , DC : Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 2000 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( , 4th ed. , text rev.) . Washington , DC : Author.
   Google Scholar
• Barkley , R. A. , Fischer , M. , Edelbrock , C. S. , & Smallish , L. ( 1990 ). The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 29 , 546 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Faraone , S. V. , Milberger , S. , Curtis , S. , Chen , L. , Marrs , A. et al. ( 1996 ). Predictors of persistence and remission of ADHD: Results from a four-year prospective follow-up study of ADHD children . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 343 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Faraone , S. V. , Taylor , A. , Sienna , M. , Williamson , S. , & Fine , C. ( 1998 ). Diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHD: Findings from a longitudinal clinical sample . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 ( 3 ), 305 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Mick , E. , & Faraone , S. V. ( 2000 ). Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type . American Journal of Psychiatry , 157 , 816 – 818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 1992 ). A power primer . Psychological Bulletin , 112 , 155 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuPaul , G. J. , & Eckert , T. L. ( 1997 ). The effects of school-based interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A meta-analysis . School Psychology Review , 26 ( 1 ), 5 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuPaul , G. J. , & Stoner , G. ( 2003 ). ADHD in the schools: Assessment and intervention strategies () , 2nd ed. . New York : Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Evans , S. W. , Allen , J. , Moore , S. , & Strauss , V. ( 2005 ). Measuring symptoms and functioning of youth with ADHD in middle schools . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 33 ( 6 ), 695 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , S. W. , Langberg , J. M. , Raggi , V. , Allen , J. , & Buvinger , E. ( 2005 ). Evaluation of a school-based treatment program for middle school youth with ADHD . Journal of Attention Disorders 9 , 343 – 353 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans , S. W. , Serpell , Z. , & White , C. ( 2005 , June). The transition to middle school: Preparing for challenge and success . Attention! , 29 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Fischer , M. , Barkley , R. A. , Fletcher , K. E. , & Smallish , L. ( 1993 ). The stability of dimensions of behavior in adhd and normal children over an 8-year follow-up . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 21 ( 3 ), 315 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaub , M. , & Carlson , C. ( 1997 ). Behavioral characteristics of DSM-IV ADHD subtypes in a school-based population . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 25 , 103 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman , L. M. , & Midgley , C. ( 2000 ). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 29 ( 2 ), 223 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , E. , Lahey , B. , Loeber , R. , Applegate , B. , & Frick , P. ( 1995 ). Developmental change in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys: A four-year longitudinal study . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 23 , 729 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinshaw , S. P. , March , J. S. , Abikoff , H. , Arnold , L. E. , Cantwell , D. P. , Conners , C. K. et al. ( 1997 ). Comprehensive assessment of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the context of a multisite, multimodal clinical trial . Journal of Attention Disorders , 1 ( 4 ), 217 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoagwood , K. E. , Jensen , P. S. , Arnold , L. E. , Roper , M. , Severe , J. , Odbert , C. et al. ( 2004 ). Reliability of the services for children and adolescents-parent interview . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 43 ( 11 ), 1345 – 1354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , P. S. , Hoagwood , K. E. , Roper , M. , Arnold , L. E. , Odbert , C. , Crowe , M. et al. ( 2004 ). The services for children and adolescents-parent interview: Development and performance characteristics . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 43 ( 11 ), 1334 – 1344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , P. S. , Swanson , J. , Arnold , L. E. , Vitiello , B. , Abikoff , H. B. , Greenhill , L. L. et al. ( 2007 ). MTA findings at 36 months paper 1: Three-year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 46 ( 8 )s, 989 – 1002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langberg , J. M. , Smith , B. H. , Bogle , K. E. , Schmidt , J. D. , Cole , W. , & Pender , C. ( 2006 ). A pilot evaluation of small group challenging horizons program (CHP): A randomized trial . Journal of Applied School Psychology , 23 ( 1 ), 31 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Midgley , C. , & Urdan , T. ( 1992 ). The transition to middle level schools: Making it a good experience for all students . Middle School Journal , 24 , 5 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Molina , B. S. G. , Flory , K. , Bukstein , O. G. , Greiner , A. R. , Baker , J. L. , Krug , V. M. , et al. (in press). Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an after school program for middle schoolers with ADHD: A randomized trial in a large public middle school . Journal of Attention Disorders .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina , B. S. G. , Flory , K. , Hinshaw , S. P. , Greiner , A. R. , Arnold , E. , Swanson , J. et al. ( 2007 ). Delinquent behavior and emerging substance use in the MTA at 36-months: Prevalence, course, and treatment effects . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 46 ( 8 ), 1028 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MTA Cooperative Group . ( 1999 ). A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Archives of General Psychiatry , 56 , 1073 – 1086 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham , W. E. , Wheeler , T. , & Chronis , A. ( 1998 ). Empirically supported psychosocial treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 27 ( 2 ), 190 – 205 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robin , A. L. ( 1998 ). ADHD in adolescents . New York : Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Shaffer , D. , Fischer , P. , Lucas , C. P. , Dulcan , M. K. , & Schwab-Stone , M. E. ( 2000 ). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 39 ( 1 ), 28 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , J. D. , & Willett , J. B. ( 2003 ). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. M. ( 1992 ). School based assessments and interventions for ADD students . Irvine , CA : K.C.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. M. , Hinshaw , S. P. , Arnold , L. E. , Gibbons , R. , Marcus , S. , Hur , K. et al. ( 2007 ). Secondary evaluations of MTA 36-month outcomes: Propensity score and growth mixture model analyses . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 46 ( 8 ), 1003 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. E. , Morgan , C. , & Urquhart , I. ( 2003 ). Children with ADHD transferring to secondary schools: Potential difficulties and solutions . Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 8 ( 1 ), 91 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Willoughby , M. ( 2003 ). Developmental course of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from childhood to adolescence: A review with recommendations . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 44 ( 1 ), 88 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolraich , M. L. , Lambert , W. , Doffing , M. A. , Bickman , L. , Simmons , T. , & Worley , K. ( 2003 ). Psychometric properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale in a referred population . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 28 ( 8 ), 559 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao , M. J. , Arnold , L. E. , Witwer , A. , Hollway , J. , & Hall , K. ( 2005 , October). Placebo effect in ADHD parent and teacher ratings . Poster presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Toronto .
   Google Scholar
• The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) was a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) cooperative agreement randomized clinical trial, and then continued under an NIMH contract as a follow-up study. Collaborators from the National Institute of Mental Health: Benedetto Vitiello, M.D. (Child & Adolescent Treatment and Preventive Interventions Research Branch), Joanne B. Severe, M.S. (Clinical Trials Operations and Biostatistics Unit, Division of Services and Intervention Research), Peter S. Jensen, M.D. (currently at Columbia University), L. Eugene Arnold, M.D., M.Ed. (currently at Ohio State University), Kimberly Hoagwood, Ph.D. (currently at Columbia); previous contributors from NIMH to the early phases: John Richters, Ph.D. (currently at National Institute of Nursing Research); Donald Vereen, M.D. (currently at National Institute on Drug Abuse). Principal investigators and co-investigators from the sites are: University of California, Berkeley/San Francisco: Stephen P. Hinshaw, Ph.D. (Berkeley), Glen R. Elliott, M.D., Ph.D. (San Francisco); Duke University: Karen C. Wells, Ph.D., Jeffery Epstein, Ph.D.; previous Duke contributors to early phases: C. Keith Conners, Ph.D. (former PI); John March, M.D., M.P.H.; University of California, Irvine: James Swanson, Ph.D., Timothy Wigal, Ph.D.; previous contributor from UCLA to the early phases: Dennis P. Cantwell, M.D. (deceased); Long Island Jewish Medical Center/New York University: Howard, B. Abikoff, Ph.D.; Montreal Children's Hospital/McGill University: Lily Hechtman, M.D.; New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University/Mount Sinai Medical Center: Laurence L. Greenhill, M.D. (Columbia), Jeffrey H. Newcorn, M.D. (Mount Sinai School of Medicine). University of Pittsburgh: Brooke Molina, Ph.D., Betsy Hoza, Ph.D. (currently at Purdue University), William E. Pelham, Ph.D. (PI for early phases, currently at State University of New York, Buffalo). Follow-up phase statistical collaborators: Robert D. Gibbons, Ph.D. (University of Illinois, Chicago); Sue Marcus, Ph.D (Mt. Sinai College of Medicine) Kwan Hur, Ph.D. (University of Illinois, Chicago). Original study statistical and design consultant: Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D. (Stanford University). Collaborator from the Office of Special Education Programs/US Department of Education: Thomas Hanley, Ed.D. Collaborator from Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention/Department of Justice: Karen Stern, Ph.D.
   Google Scholar