Evaluation of Individual and Group Grief and Trauma Interventions for Children Post Disaster

REFERENCES

• Abramason , D. , & Garfield , R. ( 2006 ). On the edge—A report of the Louisiana child and family health study . Retrieved from http://www.ncdp.mailman.columbia.edu/files/marshall_plan.pdf New York: National Center for Disaster Preparedness, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Krenawi , A. , Graham , J. H. , & Sehwail , M. A. ( 2001–2002 ). Bereavement responses among Palestinian widows, daughters, and sons following the Hebron massacre . Omega , 44 , 241 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association ( 2000 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , (4th ed. text revision) . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Angold , A. , & Costello , E. J. ( 1987 ). Mood and Feelings Questionnaire . Developmental Epidemiology Program, Duke University. Retrieved from http://devepi.mc.duke.edu/mfq.html
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. ( 1989 ). Ecological systems theory . Annals of Child Development , 6 , 187 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd-Franklin , N. ( 2003 ). Black families in therapy: Understanding the African American experience ( , 2nd ed. ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Chemtob , C. M. , Nakashima , J. , & Carlson , J. G. ( 2002 ). Brief treatment with elementary age children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 58 ( 1 ), 99 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chemtob , C. M. , Nakashima , J. P. , & Hamada , R. S. ( 2002 ). Psychosocial intervention for post disaster trauma symptoms in elementary school children: A controlled community field study . Achieves Pediatric Adolescent Medical , 156 , 211 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. A. , & Mannarino , A. P. ( 2004 ). Treatment of childhood traumatic grief . Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology , 33 , 819 – 831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. A. , Mannarino , A. P. , Gibson , L. E. , Cozza , S. J. , Brymer , M. J. , & Murray , L. ( 2006 ). Interventions for children and adolescents following disasters . In E. C. Ritchie , P. J. Watson , & M. J. Friedman (Eds.), Interventions following mass violence and disaster: Strategies for mental health practice (pp. 227 – 256 ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Daviss , W. B. , Birmaher , B. , Melhem , N. A. , Axelson , D. A. , Michaels , S. M. , & Brent , D. A. ( 2006 ). Criterion validity of the mood and feelings questionnaire for depressive episodes in clinic and non-clinic subjects . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 47 , 927 – 934 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlap , W. P. , Cortina , J. M. , Vaslow , J. B. , & Burke , M. J. ( 1996 ). Meta analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs . Psychological Methods , 1 , 170 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers , A. , & Clark , D. M. ( 2000 ). A cognitive model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 38 , 319 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul , F. , Erdfelder , E. , Lang , A.-G. , & Buchner , A. ( 2007 ). G∗Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences . Behavior Research Methods , 39 , 175 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeny , N. C. , Foa , E. B. , Treadwell , K. R. H. , & March , J. (2004). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in youth: A critical review of the cognitive and behavioral treatment outcome literature. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , 35, 466–476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Ikeda , D. H. , & Perry , K. J. ( 1995 ). Evaluation of a brief cognitive–behavioral program for the prevention of chronic PTSD in recent assault victims . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 63 , 948 – 955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Molnar , C. , & Cashman , L. ( 1995 ). Change in rape narratives during exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 , 675 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederick , C. J. , Pynoos , R. S. , & Nader , K. ( 1992 ). Reaction Index to Psychic Trauma Form C (Child) . Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Los Angeles .
   Google Scholar
• Giannopoulou , I. , Dikaiakou , A. , & Yule , W. ( 2006 ). Cognitive–behavioral group intervention for PTSD in children following the Athens 1999 Earthquake: A pilot study . Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 11 , 543 – 553 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goenjian , A. K. , Karayan , I. , Pynoos , R. S. , Minassian , D. , Najarian , L. M. , Steinberg , A. M. , et al. ( 1997 ). Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 , 536 – 542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goenjian , A. K. , Molina , L. , Steinberg , A. M. , Fairbanks , L. A. , Alvarez , M. L. , Goenjian , H. A. , & Pynoos , R. S. ( 2001 ). Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among Nicaraguan adolescents after Hurricane Mitch . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 , 788 – 794 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goenjian , A. K. , Walling , S. , Steinberg , A. , Karayan , I. , Najarian , L. M. , & Pynoos , R. ( 2005 ). A prospective study of posttraumatic stress and depression reactions among treated and untreated adolescents five years after a catastrophic disaster . American Journal of Psychiatry , 162 , 2302 – 2308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halligan , S. L. , Michael , T. , Clark , D. M. , & Ehlers , A. ( 2003 ). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder following assault: The role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 , 419 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. ( 1997 ). Trauma and recovery . New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , R. T. , Frary , R. , Cunningham , P. , Weddle , D. J. , & Kaiser , L. ( 2001 ). The psychological effects of hurricane Andrew on ethnic minority and Caucasian children and adolescents: A case study . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 7 , 103 – 108 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kazdin , A. E. , & Kendall , P. C. ( 1998 ). Current progress and future plans for developing effective treatments: Comments and perspectives . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 27 , 217 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall , P. C. , & Flannery-Schroeder , E. C. ( 1998 ). Methodological issues in treatment research for anxiety disorders in youth . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 26 , 27 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Sonnega , A. , Bromet , E. , Hughes , M. , & Nelson , C. B. ( 1995 ). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 52 , 1048 – 1060 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaGreca , A. M. , Silverman , W. K. , Vernberg , E. M. , & Prinstein , M. J. ( 1996 ). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study . Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , 64 , 712 – 723 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layne , C. M. , Poppleton , L. E. , Saltzman , W. R. , & Pynoos , R. S. ( 2006 ). Measuring grief responses in traumatically bereaved adolescents: Recent advances in test development using multiple samples . Manuscript submitted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals . ( 2006, August 2 ). Reports of missing and deceased . Baton Rouge: Author. Retrieved on January 10, 2007, from http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/
   Google Scholar
• March , S. M. , Amaya-Jackson , L. , Murray , M. C. , & Schulte , A. ( 1998 ). Cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder after a single-incident stressor . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 , 585 – 593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNemar , Q. ( 1947 ). Note on the sampling error of the difference between correlated proportions or percentages . Psychometrika , 12 , 153 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuner , F. , Schauer , M. , Klaschik , C. , Karunakara , U. , & Elbert , E. ( 2004 ). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African Refugee Settlement . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 , 579 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osofsky , J. ( 2006 ). Resilience in the aftermath of disaster. SRCD-sponsored congressional briefing . Retrieved on February 7, 2007, at http://srcd.org/katrina.html New Orleans: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center .
   Google Scholar
• Pfefferbaum , B. , North , C. S. , Doughty , D. E. , Pfefferbaum , R. L. , Dumont , C. E. , & Pynoos , R. S. ( 2006 ). Trauma, grief and depression in Nairobi children after the 1988 bombing of the American embassy . Death Studies , 30 , 561 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullins , L. G. , McCammon , S. L. , Lamson , A. S. , Wuensch , K. L. , & Mega , L. ( 2005 ). School-based post-flood screenings and evaluation: findings and challenges in one community . Stress, Trauma, and Crisis , 8 , 229 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Pynoos , R. S. , Goenjian , A. K. , & Steinberg , A. M. ( 1998 ). A public mental health approach to post-disaster treatment of children and adolescents . Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North American , 7 , 195 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pynoos , R. S. , Rodriquez , N. , Steinberg , A. , Stuber , M. , & Frederick , C. ( 1998 ). The UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index for DSM–IV . Los Angeles : UCLA Trauma Psychiatric Program .
   Google Scholar
• Russoniello , C. V. , Slalko , T. K. , O'Brien , K. , McGhee , S. A. , Bingham-Alexander , D. , & Beatley , J. ( 2002 ). Childhood posttraumatic stress disorder and efforts to cope after Hurricane Floyd . Behavioral Medicine , 28 , 61 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rynearson , R. ( 2001 ). Retelling violent death . Philadelphia , PA : Brunner-Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Salloum , A. ( 2006 ). Project LAST (loss and survival team) elementary age grief and trauma intervention manual . Unpublished treatment manual, Children's Bureau of New Orleans .
   Google Scholar
• Salloum , A. ( 2008 ). Group therapy for children experiencing grief and trauma due to homicide and violence: A pilot study . Research on Social Work Practice , 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheeringa , M. S. , & Zeanah , C. H. ( 2008/this issue ). Reconsideration of harm's way: Onsets and comorbidity patterns of disorders in preschool children and their caregivers following Hurricane Katrina . Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology , 37 ( 3 ), 508 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , J. A. , Applegate , B. , & Schorr , C. ( 1996 ). Twenty-one month follow-up study of school age children exposed to Hurricane Andrew . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 359 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , J. A. , Applegate , B. , Tanner , S. , Perez , D. , Rothe , E. , Campo-Bowen , A. , Campo-Bowen , A. ( 1995 ). Psychological effects of Hurricane Andrew on an Elementary School Population . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 34 , 1185 – 1192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelby , J. S. , & Tredinnick , M. G. ( 1995 ). Crisis intervention with survivors of natural disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Andrew . Journal of Counseling and Development , 73 , 491 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , S. ( 1988 ). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , B. D. , Jaycox , L. H. , Langley , A. , Kataoka , S. H. , Welkins , W. S. , & Wong , M. ( 2007 ). Active parental consent for a school based community violence screening: Comparing distribution methods . Journal of School Health , 77 , 116 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , A. M. , Brymer , M. J. , Decker , K. B. , & Pynoos , R. S. (2004). The University of California at Los Angeles post-traumatic stress disorder reaction index. Current Psychiatric Reports , 6, 96–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor , T. L. , & Chemtob , C. M. ( 2004 ). Efficacy of treatment for child and adolescent traumatic stress . Archived of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine , 158 , 786 – 791 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. House of Representatives. ( 2006 , February 16). A failure of initiative: Final report of the select bi-partisan committee to investigate the preparation for and response to Hurricane Katrina . Retrieved January 10, 2007, from http://katrina.house.gov/
   Google Scholar
• Vernberg , E. M. , LaGreca , A. M. , Silverman , W. K. , & Prinstein , M. J. ( 1996 ). Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 105 , 237 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisler , R. H. , Barbee , J. G. , & Townsend , M. H. ( 2006 ). Mental health and recovery in the gulf coast after hurricanes Katrina and Rita . Journal of the American Medical Association , 296 , 585 – 588 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , & Hawley , K. M. ( 1998 ). Finding, evaluating, refining, and applying empirically supported treatments for children and adolescents . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 27 , 206 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolmer , L. , Laor , N. , & Yazgan, Y. ( 2003 ). School reactivation programs after disaster: Could teachers serve as clinical mediators? Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 12 , 363 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar