Perceived Social Competence, Negative Social Interactions, and Negative Cognitive Style Predict Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence

REFERENCES

• Abela , J. R. Z. ( 2001 ). The hopelessness theory of depression: A test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components in third and seventh grade children . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 29 , 241 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abela , J. R. Z. ( 2002 ). Depressive mood reactions to failure in the achievement domain: A test of the integration of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 26 , 531 – 552 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abela , J. R. Z. , & Hankin , B. L. ( 2008a ). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in children and adolescents: A developmental psychopathology approach . In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent depression (pp. 35 – 78 ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Abela , J. R. Z. , & Hankin , B. L. ( 2008b ). Handbook of depression in children and adolescents New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Abela , J. R. Z. , & Seligman , M. E. P. ( 2000 ). The hopelessness theory of depression: A test of the diathesis-stress component in the interpersonal and achievement domains . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 24 , 361 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson , L. Y. , Alloy , L. B. , Hankin , B. L. , Haeffel , G. J. , MacCoon , D. , & Gibb , B. E. ( 2002 ). Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression in a self-regulatory and psychobiological context . In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 295 – 313 ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Abramson , L. Y. , Metalsky , G. I. , & Alloy , L. B. ( 1989 ). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression . Psychological Review , 96 , 358 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler , T. F. , & Furman , W. ( 1988 ). A model for children's relationships and relationship dysfunctions . In S. Duck , D. F. Hay , S. E. Hobfoll , W. Ickes , & B. M. Montgomery (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (pp. 211 – 229 ). Oxford , England : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Adrian , C. , & Hammen , C. ( 1993 ). Stress exposure and stress generation in children of depressed mothers . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 61 , 354 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , J. P. , Insabella , G. , Porter , M. R. , Smith , F. D. , Land , D. , & Phillips , N. ( 2006 ). A social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 , 55 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. , Abramson , L. Y. , Smith , J. M. , Gibb , B. E. , & Neeren , A. M. ( 2006 ). Role of parenting and maltreatment histories in unipolar and bipolar mood disorders: Mediation by cognitive vulnerability to depression . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 9 , 23 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , S. , & Messick , S. ( 1974 ). Social competency in young children . Developmental Psychology , 10 , 282 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angold , A. , Costello , E. J. , & Erkanli , A. ( 1999 ). Comorbidity . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 40 , 57 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , J. L. ( 2006 ). Amos (Version 7.0) [Computer program] . Chicago : SPSS .
   Google Scholar
• Avison , W. R. , & Turner , R. J. ( 1988 ). Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: Disaggregating the effects of acute stressors and chronic strains . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 29 , 253 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. , & Kenny , D. A. ( 1986 ). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 , 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierman , K. , & McCauley , E. ( 1987 ). Children's descriptions of their peer interactions: Useful information for clinical child assessment . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 16 , 9 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings , A. G. , & Moos , R. H. ( 1984 ). Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 , 877 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmaher , B. , Ryan , N. D. , Williamson , D. E. , Brent , D. A. , Kaufman , J. , et al. . ( 1996 ). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years. Part I . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 1427 – 1439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmaher , B. , Williamson , D. E. , Dahl , R. E. , Axelson , D. A. , Kaufman , J. , et al. . ( 2004 ). Clinical presentation and course of depression in youth: Does onset in childhood differ from onset in adolescence? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 43 , 63 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , X. , Liu , M. , Rubin , K. H. , Cen , G. , Gao , X. , & Li , D. (2002). Sociability and prosocial orientation as predictors of youth adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study in a Chinese sample. International Journal of Behavioral Development , 26, 128–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs , H. F. , Schneider , H. G. , & Dula , C. S. ( 2001 ). Adolescent adjustment: Maternal depression and social competence . International Journal of Adolescence and Youth , 9 , 175 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Ciarrochi , J. , Scott , G. , Deane , F. P. , & Heaven , P. C. L. ( 2003 ). Relations between social and emotional competence and mental health: A construct validation study . Personality and Individual Differences , 35 , 1947 – 1963 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. , Cohen , P. , West , S. G. , & Aiken , L. S. ( 2003 ). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences () , 3rd ed. . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , D. A. , Ciesla , J. A. , Dallaire , D. H. , Jacquez , F. M. , Pineda , A. Q. , et al. . ( 2008 ). Emergence of attributional style and its relation to depressive symptoms . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 , 16 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , D. A. , Martin , J. M. , Powers , B. , & Truglio , R. ( 1996 ). Modeling causal relations between academic and social competence and depression: A multitrait–multimethod longitudinal study of children . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 105 , 258 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , D. A. , & Maxwell , S. E. ( 2003 ). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 112 , 558 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello , E. J. , Egger , H. L. , & Angold , A. ( 2005 ). The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity . Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 14 , 631 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello , E. J. , Erkanli , A. , & Angold , A. ( 2006 ). Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 47 , 1263 – 1271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne , J. C. ( 1976 ). Toward an interactional description of depression . Psychiatry , 39 , 28 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craighead , W. E. , Curry , J. F. , & Ilardi , S. S. ( 1995 ). Relationship of Children's Depression Inventory factors to major depression among adolescents . Psychological Assessment , 7 , 171 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davila , J. , Hammen , C. , Burge , D. , Paley , B. , & Daley , S. E. ( 1995 ). Poor interpersonal problem solving as a mechanism of stress generation in depression among adolescent women . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 104 , 592 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond , G. , & Josephson , A. ( 2005 ). Family-based treatment research: A 10-year update . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 44 , 872 – 887 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenzel , L. M. ( 2000 ). Prospective study of changes in global self-worth and strain during the transition to middle school . Journal of Early Adolescence , 20 , 93 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman , W. , & Buhrmester , D. ( 1985 ). Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks . Developmental Psychology , 21 , 1016 – 1024 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber , J. , Braafladt , N. , & Weiss , B. ( 1995 ). Affect regulation in depressed and nondepressed children and young adolescents . Development and Psychopathology , 7 , 93 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge , X. , Natsuaki , M. N. , Neiderhiser , J. M. , & Reiss , D. ( 2009 ). The longitudinal effects of stressful life events on adolescent depression are buffered by parent–child closeness . Development and Psychopathology , 21 , 621 – 635 .
   Google Scholar
• Grisset , N. I. , & Norvell , N. K. ( 1992 ). Perceived social support, social skills, and quality of relationships in bulimic women . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 , 293 – 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haeffel , G. J ., Gibb , B. E. , Metalsky , G. I. , Alloy , L. B. , Abramson , L. Y. , et al. . ( 2008 ). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Development and validation of the cognitive style questionnaire . Clinical Psychology Review , 28 , 824 – 836 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammen , C. ( 2005 ). Stress and depression . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 1 , 293 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammen , C. , & Brennan , P. A. ( 2002 ). Interpersonal dysfunction in depressed women: Impairments independent of depressive symptoms . Journal of Affective Disorders , 72 , 145 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammen , C. , Shih , J. H. , & Brennan , P. A. ( 2004 ). Intergenerational transmission of depression: Test of an interpersonal stress model in a community sample . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 , 511 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. ( 2008a ). Cognitive vulnerability-stress model of depression during adolescence: Investigating depressive symptom specificity in a multi-wave prospective study . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 36 , 999 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. ( 2008b ). Stability of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression: A short–term prospective multiwave study . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 , 324 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , & Abramson , L. Y. ( 2001 ). Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory . Psychological Bulletin , 127 , 773 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , & Abramson , L. Y. ( 2002 ). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescence: Reliability, validity and gender differences . Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology , 31 , 491 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Abramson , L. Y. , Miller , N. , & Haeffel , G. J. ( 2004 ). Cognitive vulnerability-stress theories of depression: Examining affective specificity in the prediction of depression versus anxiety in three prospective studies . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 28 , 309 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Abramson , L. Y. , Moffitt , T. E. , Silva , P. A. , McGee , R. , & Angell , K. E. ( 1998 ). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 , 128 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Abramson , L. Y. , & Siler , M. ( 2001 ). A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in adolescence . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 25 , 607 – 632 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Mermelstein , R. J. , & Roesch , L. ( 2007 ). Sex differences in adolescent depression: Stress exposure and reactivity models . Child Development , 78 , 279 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Oppenheimer , C. , Jenness , J. , Barrocas , A. , Shapero , B. G. , & Goldband , J. ( 2009 ). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression: Review of processes contributing to stability and change across time . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 65 , 1327 – 1338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter , S. ( 1985 ). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children . Unpublished manuscript , Denver : University of Denver .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , S. ( 1999 ). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , S. , & Whitesell , N. R. ( 1996 ). Multiple pathways to self-reported depression and psychological adjustment among adolescents . Development and Psychopathology , 8 , 761 – 777 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huey , S. J. , Jr., Henggeler , S. W. , Brondino , M. J. , & Pickrel , S. G. ( 2000 ). Mechanisms of change in multisystemic therapy: Reducing delinquent behavior through therapist adherence and improved family and peer functioning . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68 , 451 – 467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , F. T. , & Youniss , J. ( 1982 ). Changes in function of three relations during adolescence . Developmental Psychology , 18 , 806 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. , & Coyne , J. C. ( 1999 ). The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , D. N. , Dougherty , L. R. , & Olino , T. M. ( 2005 ). Toward guidelines for evidence-based assessment of depression in children and adolescents . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 34 , 412 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs , M. (1985). The Children's Depression Inventory. Psychopharmacology Bulletin , 21, 995–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Greca , A. M. , & Harrison , H. M. ( 2005 ). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression ? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 34 , 49 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakdawalla , Z. , Hankin , B. L. , & Mermelstein , R. J. ( 2007 ). Cognitive theories of depression in children and adolescents: A conceptual and quantitative review . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 10 , 1 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengua , L. J. ( 2003 ). Associations among emotionality, self-regulation, adjustment problems, and positive adjustment in middle childhood . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 24 , 595 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn , P. M. , Rohde , P. , Klein , D. N. , & Seeley , J. R. ( 1999 ). Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder: I. Continuity into young adulthood . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 38 , 56 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P ., Fairchild , A. J. , & Fritz , M. S. ( 2007 ). Mediation analysis . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 , 593 – 614 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P. , Lockwood , C. M. , & Williams , J. ( 2004 ). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 , 99 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell , S. E. , & Cole , D. A. ( 2007 ). Bias in cross–sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation . Psychological Methods , 12 , 23 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee , R. , Feehan , M. , Williams , S. , Partridge , F. , Silva , P. A. , & Kelly , J. ( 1990 ). DSM–III disorders in a large sample of adolescents . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 29 , 611 – 619 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee , R. , & Stanton , W. R. ( 1992 ). Sources of distress among New Zealand adolescents . Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry , 33 , 999 – 1010 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGonagle , K. A. , & Kessler , R. C. ( 1990 ). Chronic stress, acute stress, and depressive symptoms . American Journal of Community Psychology , 18 , 681 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe , S. M. , Slavich , G. M. , Torres , L. D. , & Gotlib , I. H. ( 2007 ). Severe life events predict specific patterns of change in cognitive biases in major depression . Psychological Medicine , 37 , 863 – 871 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , M. C. , Ciesla , J. A. , & Garber , J. ( 2008 ). A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 , 719 – 734 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris , P. , Meesters , C. , & Fijen , P. ( 2003 ). The Self-Perception Profile for Children: Further evidence for its factor structure, reliability, and validity . Personality and Individual Differences , 35 , 1791 – 1802 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock , M. K. , & Kazdin , A. E. ( 2002 ). Parent-directed physical aggression by clinic-referred youths . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 31 , 193 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , R. D. ( 1988 ). Mental health promotion in children and adolescents: An emerging role for psychology . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , 20 , 389 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinecke , M. A. , & Ginsburg , G. S. ( 2008 ). Cognitive behavioral treatment of depression during childhood and adolescence . In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 179 – 206 ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph , K. D. , & Clark , A. G. ( 2001 ). Conceptions of relationships in children with depressive and aggressive symptoms: Social-cognitive distortion or reality? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 29 , 41 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph , K. D. , Flynn , M. , & Abaied , J. L. ( 2008 ). A developmental perspective on interpersonal theories of youth depression . In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 79 – 102 ). New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph , K. D. , & Hammen , C. ( 1999 ). Age and gender as determinants of stress exposure, generation, and reactions in youngsters: A transactional perspective . Child Development , 70 , 660 – 677 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph , K. D. , Hammen , C. , Burge , D. , Lindberg , N. , Herzberg , D. , & Daley , S. E. ( 2000 ). Toward an interpersonal life-stress model of depression: The developmental context of stress generation . Development and Psychopathology , 12 , 215 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , D. , Gould , M. S. , Fisher , P. , Trautment , P. , Moreau , D. , et al. . ( 1996 ). Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide . Archives of General Psychiatry , 53 , 339 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout , P. E. , & Bolger , N. ( 2002 ). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations . Psychological Methods , 7 , 422 – 445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smucker , M. R. , Craighead , W. E. , Craighead , L. W. , & Green , B. J. ( 1986 ). Normative and reliability data for the Children's Depression Inventory . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 14 , 25 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobel , M. E. ( 1982 ). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models . In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290 – 312 ). Washington , DC : American Sociological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Sourander , A. , Helstelä , L. , Haavisto , A. , & Bergroth , L. ( 2001 ). Suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents: A longitudinal 8-year follow-up study . Journal of Affective Disorders , 63 , 59 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. ( 2001 ). We know some things: Parent–adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 11 , 1 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. , Dahl , D. , Keating , D. , Kupfer , D. J. , Masten , A. S. , & Pine , D. S. ( 2006 ). The study of developmental psychopathology in adolescence: Integrating affective neuroscience with the study of context . In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 2: Developmental neuroscience ( , 2nd ed. , pp. 710 – 741 ). Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. , & Morris , A. S. ( 2001 ). Adolescent development . Annual Review of Psychology , 52 , 83 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stice , E. , Ragan , J. , & Randall , P. ( 2004 ). Prospective relations between social support and depression: Differential direction of effects for parent and peer support? Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 113 , 155 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmore , E. A. , Mikulich , S. K. , Thompson , L. L. , Riggs , P. D. , Aarons , G. A. , et al. . ( 1997 ). Influences on adolescent substance dependence: Conduct disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and gender . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 47 , 87 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitton , S. W. , Larson , J. J. , & Hauser , S. T. ( 2008 ). Depressive symptoms and bias in perceived social competence among young adults . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 64 , 791 – 805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , D. E. , Forbes , E. E. , Dahl , R. E. , & Ryan , N. D. ( 2005 ). A genetic epidemiologic perspective on comorbidity of depression and anxiety . Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 14 , 707 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters , N. C. , Myers , K. , & Proud , L. ( 2002 ). Ten-year review of rating scales. III: Scales assessing suicidality, cognitive style, and self-esteem . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 41 , 1150 – 1181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick , C. , Kohn , R. , Keitner , G. , & Della Grotta , S. A. ( 2000 ). The relationship between quality of interpersonal relationships and major depressive disorder: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey . Journal of Affective Disorders , 59 , 205 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar