2,334
Views
101
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Future Directions in the Study of Social Relationships as Regulators of the HPA Axis Across Development

&
Pages 564-575 | Published online: 09 Jun 2013

REFERENCES

  • Adam , E. K. ( 2006 ). Transactions among adolescent trait and state emotion and diurnal and momentary cortisol activity in naturalistic settings . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 31 , 664 – 679 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.01.010
  • Adam , E. K. ( 2012 ). Emotion-cortisol transactions occur over multiple time scales in development: Implications for research on emotion and the development of emotional disorders . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 77 , 17 – 27 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00657.x
  • Adams , R. E. , Santos , J. B. , & Bukowski , W. M. ( 2011 ). The presence of a best friend buffers the effects of negative experiences . Developmental Psychology , 47 , 1786 – 1791 . doi: 10.1037/a0025401
  • Ahnert , L. , Gunnar , M. R. , Lamb , M. E. , & Barthel , M. ( 2004 ). Transition to child care: Associations with infant–mother attachment, infant negative emotion, and cortisol elevations . Child Development , 75 , 639 – 650 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00698.x
  • Albers , E. M. , Riksen-Walraven , J. M. , Sweep , F. C. G. J. , & De Weerth , C. ( 2008 ). Maternal behavior predicts infant cortisol recovery from a mild everyday stressor . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 49 , 97 – 103 . doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01818.x
  • Badanes , L. S. , Dmitrieva , J. , & Watamura , S. E. ( 2012 ). Understanding cortisol reactivity across the day at child care: The potential buffering role of secure attachments to caregivers . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 27 , 156 – 165 . doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.05.005
  • Bruce , J. , Fisher , P. A. , Pears , K. C. , & Levine , S. ( 2009 ). Morning cortisol levels in preschool-aged foster children: Differential effects of maltreatment type . Developmental Psychobiology , 51 , 14 – 23 . doi: 10.1002/dev.20333
  • Caldji , C. , Tannenbaum , B. , Sharma , S. , Francis , D. D. , Plotsky , P. M. , & Meaney , M. J. ( 1998 ). Maternal care during infancy regulates the development of neural systems mediating the expression of behavioral fearfulness in adulthood in the rat . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 95 , 5335 – 5340 .
  • Carpenter , L. L. , Carvalho , J. P. , Tyrka , A. , Wier , L. M. , Mello , A. F. , Mello , M. F. , … Price , L. H. ( 2007 ). Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to stress in healthy adults reporting significant childhood maltreatment . Biological Psychiatry , 62 , 1080 – 1087 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.002
  • Chen , E. , Miller , G. E. , Kobor , M. S. , & Cole , S. W. ( 2011 ). Maternal warmth buffers the effects of low early-life socioeconomic status on pro-inflammatory signaling in adulthood . Molecular Psychiatry , 16 , 729 – 737 . doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.53
  • Chen , E. , Miller , G. E. , Lachman , M. E. , Gruenewald , T. L. , & Seeman , T. E. ( 2012 ). Protective factors for adults from low-childhood socioeconomic circumstances: The benefits of shift-and-persist for allostatic load . Psychosomatic Medicine , 74 , 178 – 186 . doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31824206fd
  • Cicchetti , D. , Rogosch , F. A. , Gunnar , M. R. , & Toth , S. L. ( 2010 ). The differential impacts of early physical and sexual abuse and internalizing problems on daytime cortisol rhythm in school-aged children . Child Development , 81 , 252 – 269 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01393.x
  • Cicchetti , D. , Rogosch , F. A. , Toth , S. L. , & Sturge-Apple , M. L. ( 2011 ). Normalizing the development of cortisol regulation in maltreated infants through preventive interventions . Development and Psychopathology , 23 , 789 – 800 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000307
  • Cobb , S. ( 1976 ). Social support as moderator of life stress . Psychosomatic Medicine , 38 , 300 – 314 .
  • Coe , C. L. , Franklin , D. , Smith , E. R. , & Levine , S. ( 1982 ). Hormonal responses accompanying fear and agitation in the squirrel monkey . Physiology and Behavior , 29 , 1051 – 1057 .
  • Coe , C. L. , Mendoza , S. P. , Smotherman , W. P. , & Levine , S. ( 1978 ). Mother–infant attachment in the squirrel monkey: Adrenal response to separation . Behavioral Biology , 22 , 256 – 263 .
  • Cohen , S. ( 2004 ). Social relationships and health . American Psychologist , 59 , 676 – 684 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676
  • Cohen , S. , & Wills , T. A. ( 1985 ). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis . Psychological Bulletin , 98 , 310 – 357 .
  • Cone , R. D. , Low , M. J. , Elmquist , J. K. , & Cameron , J. L. ( 2003 ). Neuroendocrinology . In Williams textbook of endocrinology (pp. 81 – 176 ). Philadelphia , PA : Saunders .
  • Dietz , L. J. , Stoyak , S. , Melhem , N. , Porta , G. , Matthews , K. A. , Walker Payne , M. , & Brent , D. A. ( 2013 ). Cortisol response to social stress in parentally bereaved youth . Biological Psychiatry , 73 , 379 – 387 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.016
  • Ditzen , B. , Schmidt , S. , Strauss , B. , Nater , U. M. , Ehlert , U. , & Heinrichs , M. ( 2008 ). Adult attachment and social support interact to reduce psychological but not cortisol responses to stress . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 64 , 479 – 486 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.11.011
  • Doan , S. N. , & Evans , G. W. ( 2011 ). Maternal responsivity buffers the relationship between allostatic load and working memory . Development and Psychopathology , 23 , 873 – 888 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000368
  • Dorn , L. D. , Kolko , D. J. , Susman , E. J. , Huang , B. , Stein , H. , Music , E. , & Bukstein , O. G. (2009). Salivary gonadal and adrenal hormone differences in boys and girls with and without disruptive behavior disorders: Contextual variants. Biological Psychology , 81, 31–39. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.01.004
  • Dozier , M. , Manni , M. , Gordon , M. K. , Peloso , E. , Gunnar , M. R. , Stovall-McClough , K. C. , … Levine , S. ( 2006 ). Foster children's diurnal production of cortisol: An exploratory study . Child Maltreatment , 11 , 189 – 197 . doi: 10.1177/1077559505285779
  • Dozier , M. , Peloso , E. , Lindhiem , O. , Gordon , M. K. , Manni , M. , Sepulveda , S. , … Levine , S. ( 2006 ). Developing evidence-based interventions for foster children: An example of a randomized clinical trial with infants and toddlers . Journal of Social Issues , 62 , 765 – 783 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00486.x
  • Ellenbogen , M. A. , & Hodgins , S. ( 2009 ). Structure provided by parents in middle childhood predicts cortisol reactivity in adolescence among the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and controls . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 34 , 773 – 785 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.011
  • Essex , M. J. , Shirtcliff , E. A. , Burk , L. R. , Ruttle , P. L. , Klein , M. H. , Slattery , M. J. , … Armstrong , J. M. ( 2011 ). Influence of early life stress on later hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms: A study of the allostatic process from childhood into adolescence . Development and Psychopathology , 23 , 1039 – 1058 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000484
  • Feldman , R. , Singer , M. , & Zagoory , O. ( 2010 ). Touch attenuates infants' physiological reactivity to stress . Developmental Science , 13 , 271 – 278 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00890.x
  • Fisher , P. A. , Kim , H. K. , Bruce , J. , & Pears , K. C. ( 2012 ). Cumulative effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on foster children's HPA-axis reactivity during a psychosocial stressor . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 36 , 29 – 35 . doi: 10.1177/0165025411406863
  • Fisher , P. A. , Stoolmiller , M. , Gunnar , M. R. , & Burraston , B. O. ( 2007 ). Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on daytime cortisol activity . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 32 , 892 – 905 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.008
  • Fox , N. A. , Henderson , H. A. , Marshall , P. J. , Nichols , K. E. , & Ghera , M. M. ( 2005 ). Behavioral inhibition: Linking biology and behavior within a developmental framework . Annual Review of Psychology , 56 , 235 – 262 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141532
  • Francis , D. D. , Diorio , J. , Liu , D. , & Meaney , M. J. ( 1999 ). Nongenomic transmission across generations in maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat . Science , 286 , 1155 – 1158 .
  • Fries , E. , Dettenborn , L. , & Kirschbaum , C. ( 2009 ). The cortisol awakening response (CAR): Facts and future directions . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 72 , 67 – 73 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014
  • Fries , E. , Hesse , J. , Hellhammer , J. , & Hellhammer , D. ( 2005 ). A new view on hypocortisolism . Psychoneuoendocrinology , 30 , 1010 – 1016 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006
  • Goldman-Mellor , S. , Hamer , M. , & Steptoe , A. ( 2012 ). Early-life stress and recurrent psychological distress over the lifecourse predict divergent cortisol reactivity patterns in adulthood . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 37 , 1755 – 1768 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.010
  • Grant , K. E. , Compas , B. E. , Stuhlmacher , A. F. , Thurm , A. E. , McMahon , S. D. , & Halpert , J. A. ( 2003 ). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Moving from markers to mechanisms of risk . Psychological Bulletin , 129 , 447 – 466 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.447
  • Gump , B. B. , Reihman , J. , Stewart , P. , Lonky , E. , Darvill , T. , Granger , D. A. , & Matthews , K. A. ( 2009 ). Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms over her child's life span: Relation to adrenocortical, cardiovascular, and emotional functioning in children . Development and Psychopathology , 21 , 207 – 225 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579409000133
  • Gunnar , M. , Brodersen , L. , Nachmias , M. , Buss , K. , & Rigatuso , R. ( 1996 ). Stress reactivity and attachment security . Developmental Psychobiology , 29 , 191 – 204 . doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199604)29:3 < 191::AID-DEV1 > 3.0.CO;2-M
  • Gunnar , M. R. , & Donzella , B. ( 2002 ). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 27 , 199 – 220 . doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00045-2
  • Gunnar , M. R. , Frenn , K. , Wewerka , S. S. , & Van Ryzin , M. J. ( 2009 ). Moderate versus severe early life stress: Associations with stress reactivity and regulation in 10–12-year-old children . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 34 , 62 – 75 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.013
  • Gunnar , M. R. , Kryzer , E. , van Ryzin , M. J. , & Phillips , D. A. ( 2010 ). The rise in cortisol in family day care: Associations with aspects of care quality, child behavior, and child sex . Child Development , 81 , 851 – 869 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01438.x
  • Gunnar , M. , Larson , M. , Hertsgaard , L. , Harris , M. , & Brodersen , L. ( 1992 ). The stressfulness of separation among 9-month-old infants: Effects of social context variables and infant temperament . Child Development , 63 , 290 – 303 . doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.ep9207061011
  • Gunnar , M. R. , & Vazquez , D. M. ( 2001 ). Low cortisol and a flattening of expected daytime rhythm: Potential indices of risk in human development . Development and Psychopathology , 13 , 515 – 538 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579401003066ER
  • Gunnar , M. R. , & Vazquez , D. ( 2006 ). Stress neurobiology and developmental psychopathology . In D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Developmental neuroscience , (2nd ed. , Vol. 2 , pp. 533 – 577 ). New York , NY : Wiley .
  • Gunnar , M. R. , Wewerka , S. , Frenn , K. , Long , J. D. , & Griggs , C. ( 2009 ). Developmental changes in HPA activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty . Development and Psychopathology , 21 , 69 – 85 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579409000054
  • Hackman , D. A. , Betancourt , L. M. , Brodsky , N. L. , Kobrin , L. , Hurt , H. , & Farah , M. J. ( 2013 ). Selective impact of early parental responsivity on adolescent stress reactivity . PLoS One , 8 , e58250 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058250.
  • Halligan , S. L. , Herbert , J. , Goodyer , I. M. , & Murray , L. ( 2007 ). Disturbances in morning cortisol secretion in association with maternal postnatal depression predict subsequent depressive symptomatology in adolescents . Biological Psychiatry , 62 , 40 – 46 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.011
  • Hane , A. A. , Cheah , C. , Rubin , K. H. , & Fox , N. A. ( 2008 ). The role of maternal behavior in the relation between shyness and social reticence in early childhood and social withdrawal in middle childhood . Social Development , 17 , 795 – 811 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00481.x
  • Harris , J. R. ( 1995 ). Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development . Psychological Review , 102 , 458 – 489 .
  • Hartup , W. W. ( 1996 ). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance . Child Development , 67 , 1 – 13 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x
  • Hastings , P. D. , Ruttle , P. L. , Serbin , L. A. , Mills , R. S. , Stack , D. M. , & Schwartzman , A. E. ( 2011 ). Adrenocortical responses to strangers in preschoolers: Relations with parenting, temperament, and psychopathology . Developmental Psychobiology , 53 , 694 – 710 . doi: 10.1002/dev.20545
  • Heim , C. , Newport , D. J. , Heit , S. , Graham , Y. P. , Wilcox , M. , Bonsall , R. , … Nemeroff , C. B. ( 2000 ). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood . Journal of the American Medical Association , 284 , 592 – 597 .
  • Heinrichs , M. , Baumgartner , T. , Kirschbaum , C. , & Ehlert , U. ( 2003 ). Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress . Biological Psychiatry , 54 , 1389 – 1398 . doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00465-7
  • Herbert , J. (2013). Cortisol and depression: Three questions for psychiatry. Psychological Medicine , 43, 449–469. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000955
  • Hickson , D. A. , Diez Roux , A. V. , Gebreab , S. Y. , Wyatt , S. B. , Dubbert , P. M. , Sarpong , D. F. , … Taylor , H. A. ( 2012 ). Social patterning of cumulative biological risk by education and income among African Americans . American Journal of Public Health , 102 , 1362 – 1369 . doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300444
  • Hofer , M. A. ( 1984 ). Relationships as regulators: A psychobiologic perspective on bereavement . Psychosomatic Medicine , 46 , 183 – 197 .
  • Houshyar , H. , Galigniana , M. D. , Pratt , W. B. , & Woods , J. H. ( 2001 ). Differential responsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to glucocorticoid negative-feedback and corticotropin releasing hormone in rats undergoing morphine withdrawal: Possible mechanisms involved in facilitated and attenuated stress responses . Journal of Neuroendocrinology , 13 , 875 – 886 .
  • Hudson , J. L. , Dodd , H. F. , Lyneham , H. J. , & Bovopoulous , N. ( 2011 ). Temperament and family environment in the development of anxiety disorder: Two-year follow-up . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 50 , 1255 – 1264 . doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.009
  • Hunter , F. T. , & Youniss , J. ( 1982 ). Changes in functions of three relations during adolescence . Developmental Psychology , 18 , 806 – 811 .
  • Juster , R. P. , Smith , N. G. , Ouellet , É. , Sindi , S. , & Lupien , S. J. ( 2013 ). Sexual orientation and disclosure in relation to psychiatric symptoms, diurnal cortisol, and allostatic load . Psychosomatic Medicine , 75 , 103 – 116 . doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182826881
  • Kessler , R. C. , Price , R. H. , & Wortman , C. B. ( 1985 ). Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes . Annual Review of Psychology , 36 , 531 – 572 .
  • Kirschbaum , C. , Klauer , T. , Filipp , S. H. , & Hellhammer , D. H. ( 1995 ). Sex-specific effects of social support on cortisol and subjective responses to acute psychological stress . Psychosomatic Medicine , 57 , 23 – 31 .
  • Klimes-Dougan , B. , Hastings , P. D. , Granger , D. A. , Usher , B. A. , & Zahn-Waxler , C. ( 2001 ). Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: Individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges . Development and Psychopathology , 37 , 695 – 719 .
  • Knack , J. M. , Jensen-Campbell , L. A. , & Baum , A. ( 2011 ). Worse than sticks and stones? Bullying is associated with altered HPA axis functioning and poorer health . Brain and Cognition , 77 , 183 – 190 . doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.011
  • Kudielka , B. M. , & Kirschbaum , C. ( 2005 ). Sex differences in HPA axis response to stress: A review . Biological Psychology , 69 , 113 – 132 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009
  • Lahat , A. , Hong , M. , & Fox , N. A. ( 2011 ). Behavioural inhibition: Is it a risk factor for anxiety? International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England) , 23 , 248 – 257 . doi: 10.3109/09540261.2011.590468
  • Laursen , B. , DeLay , D. , & Adams , R. E. ( 2010 ). Trajectories of perceived support in mother–adolescent relationships: The poor (quality) get poorer . Developmental Psychology , 46 , 1792 – 1798 . doi: 10.1037/a0020679
  • Levine , S. ( 2001 ). Primary social relationships influence the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat . Physiology and Behavior , 73 , 255 – 260 .
  • Lyons , D. M. , Parker , K. J. , Katz , M. , & Schatzberg , A. F. ( 2009 ). Developmental cascades linking stress inoculation, arousal regulation, and resilience . Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience , 3 , 32 . doi: 10.3389/neuro.08.032.2009
  • McEwen , B. ( 2000 ). Stress, definition and concepts of . In G. Fink (Ed.), Encyclopedia of stress (Vol. 3 , pp. 508 – 509 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • McEwen , B. S. ( 2008 ). Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators . European Journal of Pharmacology , 583 , 174 – 185 . doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071
  • McEwen , B. S. , & Gianaros , P. J. ( 2011 ). Stress- and allostasis-induced brain plasticity . Annual Review of Medicine , 62 , 431 – 45 . doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-052209-100430
  • Meaney , M. J. ( 2010 ). Epigenetics and the biological definition of Gene × Environment interactions . Child Development , 81 , 41 – 79 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01381.x
  • Meyer , J. S. , & Novak , M. A. ( 2012 ). Minireview: Hair cortisol. A novel biomarker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity . Endocrinology , 153 , 4120 – 4127 . doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1226
  • Miller , G. E. , Chen , E. , & Zhou , E. S. ( 2007 ). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans . Psychological Bulletin , 133 , 25 – 45 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25
  • Miller , G. E. , Lachman , M. E. , Chen , E. , Gruenewald , T. L. , Karlamangla , A. S. , & Seeman , T. E. ( 2011 ). Pathways to resilience: maternal nurturance as a buffer against the effects of childhood poverty on metabolic syndrome at midlife . Psychological Science , 22 , 1591 – 1599 . doi: 10.1177/0956797611419170
  • Monroe , S. M. , Rohde , P. , Seeley , J. R. , & Lewinsohn , P. M. ( 1999 ). Life events and depression in adolescence: Relationship loss as a prospective risk factor for first onset of major depressive disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 108 , 606 – 614 .
  • Nachmias , M. , Gunnar , M. R. , Mangelsdorf , S. , Parritz , R. , & Buss , K. A. ( 1996 ). Behavioral inhibition and stress reactivity: Moderating role of attachment security . Child Development , 67 , 508 – 522 .
  • Natsuaki , M. N. , Klimes-Dougan , B. , Ge , X. , Shirtcliff , E. A. , Hastings , P. D. , & Zahn-Waxler , C. ( 2009 ). Early pubertal maturation and internalizing problems in adolescence: Sex differences in the role of cortisol reactivity to interpersonal stress . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 38 , 513 – 524 . doi: 10.1080/15374410902976320
  • Netherton , C. , Goodyer , I. , Tamplin , A. , & Herbert , J. ( 2004 ). Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to puberty and gender . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 29 , 125 – 140 . doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00150-6
  • Nicolson , N. A. ( 2004 ). Childhood parental loss and cortisol levels in adult men . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 29 , 1012 – 1018 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.09.005
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , & Girgus , J. S. ( 1994 ). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence . Psychological Bulletin , 115 , 424 – 443 .
  • Ouellet-Morin , I. , Odgers , C. L. , Danese , A. , Bowes , L. , Shakoor , S. , Papadopoulos , A. S. , … Arseneault , L. ( 2011 ). Blunted cortisol responses to stress signal social and behavioral problems among maltreated/bullied 12-year-old children . Biological Psychiatry , 70 , 1016 – 1023 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.017
  • Peters , E. , Riksen-Walraven , J. M. , Cillessen , A. H. , & de Weerth , C. ( 2011 ). Peer rejection and HPA activity in middle childhood: Friendship makes a difference . Child Development , 82 , 1906 – 1920 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01647.x
  • Powers , S. I. , Pietromonaco , P. R. , Gunlicks , M. , & Sayer , A. ( 2006 ). Dating couples' attachment styles and patterns of cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to a relationship conflict . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 , 613 – 628 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.613
  • Reis , H. T. , Collins , W. A. , & Berscheid , E. ( 2000 ). The relationship context of human behavior and development . Psychological Bulletin , 126 , 844 – 872 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.844
  • Rogosch , F. A. , Dackis , M. N. , & Cicchetti , D. ( 2011 ). Child maltreatment and allostatic load: Consequences for physical and mental health in children from low-income families . Development and Psychopathology , 23 , 1107 – 1124 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000587
  • Roque , L. , Veríssimo , M. , Fernandes , M. , & Rebelo , A. (2013). Emotion regulation and attachment: Relationships with children's secure base, during different situational and social contexts in naturalistic settings. Infant Behavior & Development , 36, 298–306. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.03.003
  • Rosmalen , J. G. , Oldehinkel , A. J. , Ormel , J. , de Winter , A. F. , Buitelaar , J. K. , & Verhulst , F. C. ( 2005 ). Determinants of salivary cortisol levels in 10–12 year old children: A population-based study of individual differences . Psychoneuoendocrinology , 30 , 483 – 495 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.12.007
  • Sapolsky , R. M. , Romero , L. M. , & Munck , A. U. ( 2000 ). How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions . Endocrine Reviews , 21 , 55 – 89 . doi: 10.1210/er.21.1.55
  • Seltzer , L. J. , Ziegler , T. E. , & Pollak , S. D. ( 2010 ). Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans . Proceedings of the Royal Society. Biological Sciences , 277 , 2661 – 2666 . doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0567
  • Spear , L. P. ( 2000 ). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 24 , 417 – 463 .
  • Sroufe , L. A. , Egeland , B. , Carlson , E. , & Collins , W. A. ( 2005 ). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood . New York , NY : Guilford .
  • Stanton , M. E. , & Levine , S. ( 1990 ). Inhibition of infant glucocorticoid stress response: Specific role of maternal cues . Developmental Psychobiology , 23 , 411 – 426 .
  • Staufenbiel , S. M. , Penninx , B. W. , Spijker , A. T. , Elzinga , B. M. , & van Rossum , E. F. ( 2012 ). Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: A systematic review . Psychoneuroendocrinology . Advance online publication . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.015
  • Stroud , L. , Foster , E. , Handwerger , K. , Papandonatos , G. D. , Granger , D. , Kivlighan , K. T. , & Niaura , R. ( 2009 ). Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stress . Development and Psychopathology , 21 , 47 – 68 .
  • Stroud , L. R. , Papandonatos , G. D. , Williamson , D. E. , & Dahl , R. E. ( 2011 ). Sex differences in cortisol response to corticotropin releasing hormone challenge over puberty: Pittsburgh Pediatric Neurobehavioral Studies . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 36 , 1226 – 1238 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.017
  • Stroud , L. R. , Salovey , P. , & Epel , E. S. ( 2002 ). Sex differences in stress responses: Social rejection versus achievement stress . Biological Psychiatry , 52 , 318 – 327 .
  • Taylor , S. E. ( 2011 ). Social support: A review . In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Oxford handbook of health psychology (pp. 189 – 214 ). New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Taylor , S. E. , Klein , L. C. , Lewis , B. P. , Gruenewald , T. L. , Gurung , R. A. R. , & Updegraff , J. A. ( 2000 ). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and befriend, not fight-or-flight . Psychological Review , 107 , 411 – 429 .
  • Taylor , S. E. , & Stanton , A. ( 2007 ). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 3 , 129 – 153 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091520
  • Thoits , P. A. ( 2011 ). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 52 , 145 – 161 . doi: 10.1177/0022146510395592
  • Trickett , P. K. , Noll , J. G. , Susman , E. J. , Shenk , C. E. , & Putnam , F. W. ( 2010 ). Attenuation of cortisol across development for victims of sexual abuse . Development and Psychopathology , 22 , 165 – 175 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990332
  • Tyrka , A. R. , Wier , L. M. , Price , L. H. , Ross , N. S. , Anderson , G. M. , Wilkinson , C. W. , & Carpenter , L. L. ( 2008 ). Childhood parental loss and adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function . Biological Psychiatry , 63 , 1147 – 1154 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.011
  • Uchino , B. N. ( 2006 ). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 29 , 377 – 387 . doi: 10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5
  • Vaillancourt , T. , Duku , E. , Becker , S. , Schmidt , L. A. , Nicol , J. , Muir , C. , & Macmillan , H. ( 2011 ). Peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and high salivary cortisol predict poorer memory in children . Brain and Cognition , 77 , 191 – 199 . doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.012
  • Vaillancourt , T. , Duku , E. , Decatanzaro , D. , Macmillan , H. , Muir , C. , & Schmidt , L. A. ( 2008 ). Variation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity among bullied and non-bullied children . Aggressive Behavior , 34 , 294 – 305 . doi: 10.1002/ab.20240
  • van der Vegt , E. J. , van der Ende , J. , Kirschbaum , C. , Verhulst , F. C. , & Tiemeier , H. ( 2009 ). Early neglect and abuse predict diurnal cortisol patterns in adults: A study of international adoptees . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 34 , 660 – 669 . doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.11.004
  • Wismer Fries , A. B. , Shirtcliff , E. A. , & Pollak , S. D. ( 2008 ). Neuroendocrine dysregulation following early social deprivation in children . Developmental Psychobiology , 50 , 588 – 599 . doi: 10.1002/dev.20319

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.