Predicting Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior in Kindergarten: Examining the Buffering Role of Early Social Support

REFERENCES

• Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index short form–test manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach, T. M. & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, D. S., O'Leary, S. G., Wolff, L. S. & Acker, M. M. (1993). The Parenting Scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychological Assessment, 5, 137–144. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.137
   Google Scholar
• Aspland, H. & Gardner, F. (2003). Observational measures of parent–child interaction: An introductory review. Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 8, 136–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayoub, C., Vallotton, C. D. & Mastergeorge, A. M. (2011). Developmental pathways to integrated social skills: The roles of parenting and early intervention. Child Development, 82, 583–600. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01549.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillargeon, R. H., Normand, C. L., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Japel, C., Pérusse, D. & Tremblay, R. E. (2007). The evolution of problem and social competence behaviors during toddlerhood: A prospective population-based cohort survey. Infant Mental Health Journal, 28, 12–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the beck anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83–96. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep7405453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt, P. A. (1984). Stress-buffering effects of social support on maternal discipline. Nursing Research, 33, 229–234. doi:10.1097/00006199-198407000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchinal, M. R., Follmer, A. & Bryant, D. M. (1996). The relations of maternal social support and family structure with maternal responsiveness and child outcomes among African American families. Developmental Psychology, 32, 1073–1083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. B., Shaw, D. S. & Gilliom, M. (2000). Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 467–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, A. S. & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2006). Manual for the infant-toddler social & emotional assessment (ITSEA) - Version 2. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Chorpita, B. F., Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Perceived control as a mediator of family environment in etiological models of childhood anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 29, 457–476. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80043-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K. & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73–100. doi:10.2307/1166139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coyl, D. D., Newland, L. A. & Freeman, H. (2010). Predicting preschoolers' attachment security from parenting behaviours, parents' attachment relationships and their use of social support. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 499–512.
   Google Scholar
• Crnic, K. A., Gaze, C. & Hoffman, C. (2005). Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool Period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5. Infant and Child Development, 14, 117–132. doi:10.1002/icd.384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Vecchio, T. & O'Leary, S. G. (2006). Antecedents of toddler aggression: Dysfunctional parenting in mother–toddler dyads. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35, 194–202. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubow, E. F., Edwards, S. & Ippolito, M. F. (1997). Life stressors, neighborhood disadvantage, and resources: a focus on inner-city children's adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 130–144. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2602_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders, C. K. & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8, 430–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensor, R. & Hughes, C. (2010). With a little help from my friends: Maternal social support, via parenting, promotes willingness to share in preschoolers born to young mothers. Infant and Child Development, 19, 127–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, X., Thompson, B. & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 56–83. doi:10.1080/10705519909540119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelhorn, H. L., Stallings, M. C., Young, S. E., Corley, R. P., Rhee, S. H. & Hewitt, J. K. (2005). Genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder: Symptom, domain and full-scale analyses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 580–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilliom, M. & Shaw, D. S. (2004). Codevelopment of externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 313–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover, V., O'Connor, T. G. & O'Donnell, K. (2010). Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 17–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. L., Furrer, C. J. & McAllister, C. L. (2011). Does attachment style influence social support or the other way around? A longitudinal study of Early Head Start mothers. Attachment & Human Development, 13, 27–47. doi:10.1080/14616734.2010.488121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in ovariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, H., Dilshad, R., Lichtenstein, P. & Barker, E. D. (2011). Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 954–963. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E. & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 561–592. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00100-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D. & Becker, B. (2000). Research on resilience: Response to commentaries. Child Development, 71, 573–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006–1017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maccoby, E. E. & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1–101). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Masten, A. S., Roisman, G. I., Long, J. D., Burt, K. B., Obradović, J., Riley, J. R. & Tellegen, A. (2005). Developmental cascades: Linking academic achievement and externalizing and internalizing symptoms over 20 years. Developmental Psychology, 41, 733–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maughan, A., Cicchetti, D., Toth, S. L. & Rogosch, F. A. (2007). Early-occurring maternal depression and maternal negativity in predicting young children's emotion regulation and socioemotional difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 685–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnell, D., Breitkreuz, R. & Savage, A. (2011). From financial hardship to child difficulties: main and moderating effects of perceived social support. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37, 679–691. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01185.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, K. A., Selig, J. P. & Hawley, P. H. (2010). A typological approach to the study of parenting: Associations between maternal parenting patterns and child behaviour and social reception. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 1185–1202.
   Google Scholar
• Middleton, M., Scott, S. L. & Renk, K. (2009). Parental depression, parenting behaviours, and behaviour problems in young children. Infant & Child Development, 18, 323–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miner, J. L. & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2008). Trajectories of externalizing behavior from age 2 to age 9: Relations with gender, temperament, ethnicity, parenting, and rater. Developmental Psychology, 44, 771–786. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moilanen, K. L., Shaw, D. S. & Maxwell, K. L. (2010). Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 635–653. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E. & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 471–476. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.3.471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moosbrugger, H., Schermelleh-Engel, K., Kelava, A. & Klein, A. G. (2009). Testing multiple nonlinear effects in structural equation modeling: A comparison of alternative estimation approaches. In T. Teo & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Structural equation modeling in educational research: concepts and applications (pp. 103–136). Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2004). Trajectories of physical aggression from toddlerhood to middle school: Predictors, correlates, and outcomes. New York, NY: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, R. (1983). Measuring marital quality: A critical look at the dependent variable. Journal of Marriage & Family, 45, 141–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson, G. & Sanson, A. (1999). The association of behavioural adjustment to temperament, parenting and family characteristics among 5-year-old children. Social Development, 8, 293–309. doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology, 25, 111–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapee, R. M. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 47–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, D. S., Gilliom, M., Ingoldsby, E. M. & Nagin, D. S. (2003). Trajectories leading to school-age conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 39, 189–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard, S. A. & Dickstein, S. (2009). Preventive intervention for early childhood behavioral problems: An ecological perspective. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18, 687–706. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard, M. (2008). Social support use as a parental coping strategy: Its impact on outcome of child and parenting problems—A six-month follow-up. British Journal of Social Work, 39, 1427–1446. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherbourne, C. D. & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 705–714. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver, E. J., Heneghan, A. M., Bauman, L. J. & Stein, R. E. K. (2005). The relationship of depressive symptoms to parenting competence and social support in inner-city mothers of young children. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10, 105–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeekens, S., Riksen-Walraven, J. M. & Van Bakel, H. J. A. (2007). Multiple determinants of externalizing behavior in 5-year-olds: A longitudinal model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 347–361. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9095-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay, R. E. (2006). Prevention of youth violence: Why not start at the beginning? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 481–487. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9038-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner, E. E. & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A study of resilient children and youth. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Woodruff-Borden, J., Morrow, C., Bourland, S. & Cambron, S. (2002). The behavior of anxious parents: Examining mechanisms of transmission of anxiety from parent to child. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 364–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woody, D. & Woody, D. J. (2007). The significance of social support on parenting amoung a group of single, low-income, African American mothers. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 15, 183–198. doi:10.1300/J137v15n02_11
   Google Scholar