Long-Term Effects of a Universal Family Intervention: Mediation Through Parent-Adolescent Conflict

REFERENCES

• Achenbach , T. M. ( 1991 ). Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 profile . Burlington : Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont .
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. , & Rescorla , L. A. ( 2001 ). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles . Burlington : University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families .
   Google Scholar
• Aiken , L. S. , & West , S. G. ( 1991 ). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Alegría , M. , Canino , G. , Shrout , P. E. , Woo , M. , Duan , N. , Vila , D. , … Meng , X.-L. ( 2008 ). Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 165 , 359 – 369 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1994 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 4th ed. . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. R. , & Mayes , L. C. ( 2010 ). Race/ethnicity and internalizing disorders in youth: A review . Clinical Psychology Review , 30 , 338 – 348 . doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bámaca-Colbert , M. Y. , Umaña-Taylor , A. J. , & Gayles , J. G. ( 2012 ). A developmental-contextual model of depressive symptoms in Mexican-origin female adolescents . Developmental Psychology , 48 , 406 – 421 . doi: 10.1037/a0025666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry , J. W. ( 2003 ). Origin of cross-cultural similarities and differences in human behavior: An ecocultural perspective . Cultural Guidance in the Development of the Human Mind , 97 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Breslau , J. , Borges , G. , Hagar , Y. , Tancredi , D. , & Gilman , S. ( 2009 ). Immigration to the USA and risk for mood and anxiety disorders: Variation by origin and age at immigration . Psychological Medicine , 39 , 1117 – 1127 . doi: 10.1017/S0033291708004698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. , & Bronfenbrenner , U. ( 1979 ). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bui , H. N. (2008). Parent-child conflicts, school troubles, and differences in delinquency across immigration generations. Crime & Delinquency , 55, 412–441. doi: 10.1177/0011128707306122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , K. C. , Burke , J. D. , Regier , D. A. , & Rae , D. S. ( 1990 ). Age at onset of selected mental disorders in five community populations . Archives of General Psychiatry , 47 , 511 – 518 . doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810180011002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt , S. , Krueger , R. F. , Mcgue , M. , & Iacono , W. ( 2003 ). Parent–child conflict and the comorbidity among childhood externalizing disorders . Archives of General Psychiatry , 60 , 505 – 513 . doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanagh , S. E. ( 2007 ). Peers, drinking, and the assimilation of Mexican American youth . Sociological Perspectives , 50 , 393 – 416 . doi: 10.1525/sop.2007.50.3.393
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . ( 2001 ). Youth Risk Behavior Survey . Available from http://www.cdc.gov/yrbs
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . ( 2012 ). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2011 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 61 ( 4 ).
   Google Scholar
• Cuellar , I. , Arnold , B. , & Maldonado , R. ( 1995 ). Acculturation rating scale for Mexican Americans–II: A revision of the original ARSMA scale . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 17 , 275 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delva , J. , Wallace , J. M. , Jr. , O'Malley , P. M. , Bachman , J. G. , Johnston , L. D. , & Schulenberg , J. E. ( 2005 ). The epidemiology of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and other Latin American eighth-grade students in the United States: 1991–2002 . American Journal of Public Health , 95 , 696 – 702 . doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.037051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillman Carpentier , F. R. , Mauricio , A. M. , Gonzales , N. A. , Millsap , R. E. , Meza , C. M. , Dumka , L. E. , … Genalo , M. T. ( 2007 ). Engaging Mexican origin families in a school-based preventive intervention . Journal of Primary Prevention , 28 , 521 – 546 . doi: 10.1007/s10935-007-0110-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dishion , T. J. , & Andrews , D. W. ( 1995 ). Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: Immediate and 1-year outcomes . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 63 , 538 – 548 . doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.63.4.538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishion , T. J. , Patterson , G. R. , Stoolmiller , M. , & Skinner , M. L. ( 1991 ). Family, school, and behavioral antecedents to early adolescent involvement with antisocial peers . Developmental Psychology , 27 , 172 – 180 . doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , A. D. , & White , K. S. ( 1998 ). Peer influences and drug use among urban adolescents: Family structure and parent–adolescent relationship as protective factors . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 , 248 – 258 . doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz , M. S. , & MacKinnon , D. P. ( 2007 ). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect . Psychological Science , 18 , 233 – 239 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales , N. A. , Deardorff , J. , Formoso , D. , Barr , A. , & Barrera , M. , Jr. ( 2006 ). Family mediators of the relation between acculturation and adolescent mental health . Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies , 55 , 318 – 30 . doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales , N. , Dumka , L. E. , Mauricio , A. , & Germán , M. ( 2007 ). Building bridges: Strategies to promote academic and psychological resilience for adolescents of Mexican origin . Immigrant Families in Contemporary Society , 268 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales , N. A. , Dumka , L. E. , Millsap , R. E. , Gottschall , A. , Mcclain , D. B. , Wong , J. J. , … Kim , S. Y. ( 2012 ). Randomized trial of a broad preventive intervention for mexican American adolescents . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 80 , 1 – 16 . doi: 10.1037/a0026063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales , N. A. , Jensen , M. , Montaño , Z. , & Wynne , H. ( in press ). The cultural adaptation and mental health of Mexican American adolescents . In Y. M. Caldera & E. Lindsey (Eds.), Handbook of Mexican American children and families: Multidisciplinary perspectives . Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales , N. A. , Knight , G. P. , Morgan-Lopez , A. A. , Saenz , D. , & Sirolli , A. ( 2002 ). Acculturation and the mental health of Latino youths: An integration and critique of the literature . In J. M. Contreras , K. A. Kerns , & A. M. Neal-Barnett (Eds.), Latino children and families in the united states: Current research and future directions (pp. 45 – 74 ). Westport , CT : Praeger/Greenwood .
   Google Scholar
• Griner , D. , & Smith , T. B. ( 2006 ). Culturally adapted mental health intervention: A meta-analytic review . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 43 , 531 – 548 . doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Abramson , L. Y. , Moffitt , T. E. , Silva , P. A. , McGee , R. , & Angell , K. E. ( 1998 ). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 , 128 – 140 . doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.107.1.128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , V. S. ( 1992 ). “But Dad said I could”: Within-family differences in parental control in early adolescence . Ann Arbor , MI : ProQuest Information & Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , N. E. , Bush , K. R. , & Roosa , M. W. ( 2003 ). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children's mental health: Low–income Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children . Child Development , 74 , 189 – 204 . doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine , A. B. , Biglan , A. , Smolkowski , K. , Metzler , C. W. , & Ary , D. V. ( 1999 ). The effectiveness of a parenting skills program for parents of middle school students in small communities . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 67 , 811 – 825 . doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.67.6.811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. , O'Malley , P. M. , Bachman , J. G. , & Schulenberg , J. E. ( 2004 ). Demographic subgroup trends for various licit and illicit drugs, 1975–2006 (Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper No. 60) . Ann Arbor , MI : Institute for Social Research .
   Google Scholar
• Kazdin , A. E. , Siegel , T. C. , & Bass , D. ( 1992 ). Cognitive problem-solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 , 733 – 747 . doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.60.5.733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe , S. E. , & Padilla , A. M. ( 1987 ). Chicano ethnicity . Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Berglund , P. , Demler , O. , Jin , R. , Merikangas , K. R. , & Walters , E. E. ( 2005 ). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication . Archives of General Psychiatry , 62 , 593 – 602 . doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsiglia , F. F. , Kulis , S. , Parsai , M. , Villar , P. , & Garcia , C. ( 2009 ). Cohesion and conflict: Family influences on adolescent alcohol use in immigrant Latino families . Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse , 8 , 400 – 412 . doi: 10.1080/15332640903327526
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinez , C. R. , Jr. , & Eddy , J. M. ( 2005 ). Effects of culturally adapted parent management training on Latino youth behavioral health outcomes . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 73 , 841 – 851 . doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , K. , Hilt , L. , & Nolen-Hoeksema , S. ( 2007 ). Racial/ethnic differences in internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 35 , 801 – 816 . doi: 10.1007/s10802-007-9128-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQueen , A. , Greg Getz , J. , & Bray , J. H. ( 2003 ). Acculturation, substance use, and deviant behavior: Examining separation and family conflict as mediators . Child Development , 74 , 1737 – 1750 . doi: 10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00635.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén , L. K. , & Muthén , B. O. ( 1998–2010 ). Mplus user's guide. Sixth edition . Los Angeles , CA : Muthén & Muthén .
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities . Washington , DC : The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen , A. L. , & Ford , J. A. ( 2001 ). Drinking patterns among Hispanic adolescents: Results from a national household survey . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 62 , 448 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien , M. , Margolin , G. , John , R. S. , & Krueger , L. ( 1991 ). Mothers' and sons' cognitive and emotional reactions to simulated marital and family conflict . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 , 692 – 703 . doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.59.5.692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasch , L. A. , Deardorff , J. , Tschann , J. M. , Flores , E. , Penilla , C. , & Pantoja , P. ( 2006 ). Acculturation, parent–adolescent conflict, and adolescent adjustment in Mexican American families . Family Process , 45 , 75 – 86 . doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00081.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passel , J. , Cohn , D. , & Lopez , M. H. ( 2011 ). Census 2010: 50 million Latinos: Hispanics account for more than half of nation's growth in past decade . Retrieved from Pew Research website: http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/03/24/hispanics-account-for-more-than-half-of-nations-growth-in-past-decade/
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , G. R. , Chamberlain , P. , & Reid , J. B. ( 1982 ). A comparative evaluation of a parent-training program . Behavior Therapy , 13 , 638 – 650 . doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(82)80021-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polo , A. J. , & Lopez , S. R. ( 2009 ). Culture, context, and the internalizing distress of Mexican American youth . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 38 , 273 – 285 . doi: 10.1080/15374410802698370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes , A. , & Rumbaut , R. G. ( 2001 ). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Potochnick , S. R. , & Perreira , K. M. ( 2010 ). Depression and anxiety among first-generation immigrant Latino youth: Key correlates and implications for future research . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 198 , 470 . doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e4ce24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado , G. , Pantin , H. , Briones , E. , Schwartz , S. J. , Feaster , D. , Huang , S. , … Szapocznik , J. ( 2007 ). A randomized controlled trial of a parent-centered intervention in preventing substance use and HIV risk behaviors in Hispanic adolescents . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 75 , 914 – 926 . doi: 10.1001/jama.292.2.17110.1126/science.280.5365.867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralph , A. , & Sanders , M. R. ( 2004 ). The “teen triple p” positive parenting program: A preliminary evaluation . Canberra : Australian Institute of Criminology .
   Google Scholar
• Ramírez García , J. I. , Manongdo , J. A. , & Cruz-Santiago , M. ( 2010 ). The family as mediator of the impact of parent–youth acculturation/enculturation and inner-city stressors on Mexican American youth substance use . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 16 , 404 – 412 . doi: 10.1037/a0019725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redmond , C. , Spoth , R. , Shin , C. , & Lepper , H. S. ( 1999 ). Modeling long-term parent outcomes of two universal family-focused preventive interventions: One-year follow-up results . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 67 , 975 – 984 . doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Repetti , R. L. , Taylor , S. E. , & Seeman , T. E. ( 2002 ). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring . Psychological Bulletin; Psychological Bulletin , 128 , 330 . doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabogal , F. , Marín , G. , Otero-Sabogal , R. , Marín , B. V. , & Perez-Stable , E. J. ( 1987 ). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn't? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 9 , 397 – 412 . doi: 10.1177/07399863870094003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaniego , R. Y. , & Gonzales , N. A. ( 1999 ). Multiple mediators of the effects of acculturation status on delinquency for Mexican American adolescents . American Journal of Community Psychology , 27 , 189 – 210 . doi: 10.1023/A:1022883601126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeber , L. , Hops , H. , Alpert , A. , Davis , B. , & Andrews , J. ( 1997 ). Family support and conflict: Prospective relations to adolescent depression . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 25 , 333 – 344 . doi: 10.1023/A:1025768504415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetana , J. G. ( 1988 ). Concepts of self and social convention: Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about hypothetical and actual family conflicts . In M. R. Gunnar & W. A. Collins (Eds.), Development during the transition to adolescence (pp. 79 – 122 ). Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Smokowski , P. R. , & Bacallao , M. L. ( 2006 ). Acculturation and aggression in Latino adolescents: A structural model focusing on cultural risk factors and assets . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 34 , 659 – 673 . doi: 10.1007/s10802-006-9049-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smokowski , P. R. , & Bacallao , M. L. ( 2007 ). Acculturation, internalizing mental health symptoms, and self-esteem: Cultural experiences of Latino adolescents in North Carolina . Child Psychiatry and Human Development , 37 , 273 – 292 . doi: 10.1007/s10578-006-0035-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smokowski , P. R. , Rose , R. , & Bacallao , M. L. ( 2010 ). Influence of risk factors and cultural assets on Latino adolescents' trajectories of self-esteem and internalizing symptoms . Child Psychiatry and Human Development , 41 , 133 – 155 . doi: 10.1007/s10578-009-0157-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoth , R. , Redmond , C. , & Shin , C. ( 1998 ). Direct and indirect latent-variable parenting outcomes of two universal family-focused preventive interventions: Extending a public health-oriented research base . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 , 385 – 399 . doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.66.2.385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szapocznik , J. , & Coatsworth , J. D. ( 1999 ). An ecodevelopmental framework for organizing the influences on drug abuse: A developmental model of risk and protection . In M. D. Glantz & C. R. Hartel (Eds.), Drug abuse: Origins & interventions (pp. 331 – 366 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Szapocznik , J. , & Kurtines , W. M. ( 1993 ). Family psychology and cultural diversity: Opportunities for theory, research, and application . American Psychologist , 48 , 400 – 407 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.48.4.400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szapocznik , J. , & Williams , R. A. ( 2000 ). Brief strategic family therapy: Twenty-five years of interplay among theory, research and practice in adolescent behavior problems and drug abuse . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 3 , 117 – 134 . doi: 10.1023/A:1009512719808
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Telzer , E. H. ( 2010 ). Expanding the acculturation gap-distress model: An integrative review of research . Human Development , 53 , 313 – 340 . doi: 10.1159/000322476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tofighi , D. , & MacKinnon , D. P. ( 2011 ). RMediation: An R package for mediation analysis confidence intervals . Behavior Research Methods 43 ( 3 ), 692 – 700 . doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0076-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ryzin , M. J. , & Dishion , T. J. ( 2012 ). The impact of a family-centered intervention on the ecology of adolescent antisocial behavior: Modeling developmental sequelae and trajectories during adolescence . Development and Psychopathology , 24 , 1139 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579412000582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ryzin , M. J. , Stormshak , E. A. , & Dishion , T. J. ( 2012 ). Engaging parents in the family check-up in middle school: Longitudinal effects on family conflict and problem behavior through the high school transition . Journal of Adolescent Health , 50 , 627 – 633 . doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiders , K. H. , Roosa , M. W. , & Tein , J.-Y. ( 2011 ). Family structure and family processes in Mexican-American families . Family Process , 50 , 77 – 91 . doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01347.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar