Preschool Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A Disorder of Negative Affect, Surgency, and Disagreeableness

REFERENCES

• Abe, J. A. A. (2005). The predictive validity of the Five-Factor Model of personality with preschool age children: A nine year follow-up study. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(4), 423–442. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Block, B. (2008). California Q-sort psychometrics. The Q-sort character appraisal: Encoding subjective impression of persons quantitatively (pp. 55–62). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1980). The california child Q-set. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, J. D., Boylan, K., Rowe, R., Duku, E., Stepp, S. D., Hipwell, A. E., & Waldman, I. D. (2014). Identifying the irritability dimension of ODD: Application of a modified bifactor model across five large community samples of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(4), 841–851. doi:10.1037/a0037898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 183–204. doi:10.1037/a0013965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1998). Multiple risk factors in the development of externalizing behavior problems: Group and individual differences. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 469–493. doi:10.1017/S0954579498001709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pauw, S. S., Mervielde, I., & Van Leeuwen, K. G. (2009). How are traits related to problem behavior in preschoolers? Similarities and contrasts between temperament and personality. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 309–325. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9290-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digman, J. M., & Inouye, J. (1986). Further specification of the five robust factors of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 116–123. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A., Dyson, M., Olino, T. M., Durbin, C. E., & Klein, D. N. (2011). Preschoolers’ observed temperament and psychiatric disorders assessed with a parent diagnostic interview. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(2), 295–306. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 313–337. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2006.47.issue-3-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., … Guthrie, I. (2001). The relations of regulation and emotionality to children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child Development, 72(4), 1112–1134. doi:10.1111/cdev.2001.72.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., Maszk, P., & Holmgren, R. (1996). The relations of regulation and emotionality to problem behavior in elementary school children. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 141–162. doi:10.1017/S095457940000701X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A., & Carlo, G. (1999). Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 70(6), 1360–1372. doi:10.1111/cdev.1999.70.issue-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Spinrad, T. L., Cumberland, A., Liew, J., & Reiser, M. (2009). Longitudinal relations of children’s effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 988–1008. doi:10.1037/a0016213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezpeleta, L., Granero, R., de la Osa, N., Penelo, E., & Domènech, J. M. (2012). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder in 3-year-old preschoolers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(11), 1128–1138. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2012.53.issue-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2003). Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 26(1), 64–86. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00169-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjone, H., & Stevenson, J. (1997). A longitudinal twin study of temperament and behavior problems: Common genetic or environmental influences? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1448−1456. doi:10.1097/00004583-199710000-00028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, H. H., Reilly, J., Lemery, K. S., Longley, S., & Prescott, A. (1999). The laboratory temperament assessment battery: Preschool version. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
   Google Scholar
• Herzhoff, K., & Tackett, J. L. (2016). Subfactors of oppositional defiant disorder: Converging evidence from structural and latent class analyses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(1), 18–29. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2016.57.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Biederman, J., Henin, A., Faraone, S. V., Micco, J. A., van Grondelle, A., … Rosenbaum, J. F. (2007). Clinical outcomes of laboratory-observed preschool behavioral disinhibition at five-year follow-up. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 565–572. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen-Campbell, L. A., Gleason, K. A., Adams, R., & Malcolm, K. T. (2003). Interpersonal conflict, agreeableness, and personality development. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1059–1086. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, O. P., Caspi, A., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994). The “little five”: Exploring the nomological network of the five-factor model of personality in adolescent boys. Child Development, 65, 160−178. doi:10.2307/1131373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. W., Cho, S. C., Kim, B. N., Kim, J. W., Shin, M. S., & Yeo, J. Y. (2010). Does oppositional defiant disorder have temperament and psychopathological profiles independent of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(4), 412–418. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., Murray, K. T., & Harlan, E. T. (2000). Effortful control in early childhood: Continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Developmental Psychology, 36(2), 220–232. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 768–821. doi:10.1037/a0020327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 537–550. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64(4), 241–256. doi:10.1037/a0015309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey, B. B., Waldman, I. D., & McBurnett, K. (1999). Annotation: The development of antisocial behavior: An integrative causal model. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(5), 669–682. doi:10.1111/jcpp.1999.40.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, J. V., Bryant, F. B., Hopkins, J., & Gouze, K. R. (2015). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder in young children: Model comparisons, gender, and longitudinal invariance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(3), 423–439. doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9919-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, J. V., Cicchetti, C., Gibbons, R. D., Binns, H. J., Larsen, L., & DeVito, C. (2001). Oppositional defiant disorder with onset in preschool years: Longitudinal stability and pathways to other disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(12), 1393–1400. doi:10.1097/00004583-200112000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, J. V., Dahl, K. P., Gouze, K. R., LeBailly, S. A., & Hopkins, J. (2015). Multi-domain predictors of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in preschool children: Cross-informant differences. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(2), 308–319. doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0472-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, J. V., Gouze, K. R., Hopkins, J., Bryant, F. B., & LeBailly, S. A. (2012). A multi-domain model of risk factors for ODD symptoms in a community sample of 4-year-olds. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 741–757. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9603-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc, N., Boivin, M., Dionne, G., Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., & Tremblay, R. E. (2008). The development of hyperactive-impulsive behaviors during the preschool years: The predictive validity of parental assessments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 977–987. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9227-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markon, K. E., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C. J. (2011). The reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 856–879. doi:10.1037/a0023678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel, M. M. (2009). A new perspective on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Emotion dysregulation and trait models. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 50(9), 1042–1051. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02105.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel, M. M., Gremillion, M. L., & Roberts, B. (2012). Temperament and common disruptive behavior problems in preschool. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 874–879. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel, M. M., & Nigg, J. T. (2006). Child ADHD and personality/temperament traits of reactive and effortful control, resiliency, and emotionality. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1175–1183. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01629.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthys, W., Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2013). The neurobiology of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Altered functioning in three mental domains. Development and Psychopathology, 25(1), 193–207. doi:10.1017/S0954579412000272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81–90. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, J. T. (2006). Temperament and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 395–422. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2006.47.issue-3-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, K., Melvin, G. A., Murray, D. W., Gugga, S. S., Fisher, P., & Skrobala, A. (2007). Clinical presentation of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in preschool children: The Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 17(5), 547–562. doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, S. P., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 102–112. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbart, M. K. (1989). Temperament in childhood: A framework. In G. A. Kohnstamm, J. E. Bates, & M. K. Rothbart (Eds.), Temperament in childhood (pp. 59–73). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408. doi:10.1111/cdev.2001.72.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbart, M. K., & Derryberry, D. (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In M. E. Lamb & A. L. Brown (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 37–86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Shiner, R. L. (1998). How shall we speak of children’s personalities in middle childhood? A preliminary taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 308–332. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiner, R. L., & DeYoung, C. G. (2011). The structure of temperament and personality traits: A developmental perspective. In P. D. Zelazo (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 113–141). New York, NY: Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Spira, E. G., & Fischel, J. E. (2005). The impact of preschool inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on social and academic development: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(7), 755–773. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2005.46.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stringaris, A., & Goodman, R. (2009). Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 216–223. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2009.50.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stringaris, A., Maughan, B., & Goodman, R. (2010). What’s in a disruptive disorder? Temperamental antecedents of oppositional defiant disorder: Findings from the Avon longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 474–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tackett, J. L. (2006). Evaluating models of the personality-psychopathology relationship in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 584–599. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tackett, J. L., Krueger, R. F., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2008). Personality in middle childhood: A hierarchical structure and longitudinal connections with personality in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(6), 1456–1462. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lieshout, C. F. M., & Haselager, G. J. T. (1994). The Big Five personality factors in Q-sort descriptions of children and adolescents. In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 293–318). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(1), 46–66. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. D. (1999). Review personality, temperament, and ADHD: A review of the literature. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(4), 589–598. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00273-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar