Effects of organophosphate phenyl saligenin phosphate and polyether carboxylic ionophore lasalocid on motor nerve conduction velocity, neuropathy target esterase enzyme activity, and clinical ataxia in chickens

References

• Akassoglou K, Malester B, Xu J, Tessarollo L, Rosenbluth J, Chao MV. 2004. Brain-specific deletion of neuropathy target esterase/swisscheese results in neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:5075–5080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouldin TW, Cavanagh JB. 1979. Organophosphorous neuropathy 2. Fine-structural study of the early stages of axonal degeneration. Am J Pathol 94:253–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson K, Ehrich M. 2004. Organophophorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity in White Leghorn hens assessed by Fluoro-Jade. Int J Toxicol 23:259–266.
   Google Scholar
• El-Fawal HA, Jortner BS, Ehrich M. 1989. Effect of verapamil on organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy in hens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 97:500–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Fawal HA, McCain MC. 2008. Antibodies to neural proteins in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and its amelioration. Neurotoxicol Teratol 30:161–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espino L, Suarez ML, Mino N, Goicoa A, Fidalgo LE, Santamarina G. 2003. Suspected lasalocid poisining in three dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 45:241–242.
   Google Scholar
• Glynn P. 2006. A mechanism for organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy. Toxicol Lett 162:94–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregory DG, Vanhooser SL,d Stair EL. 1995. Light and electron-microscopic lesions in peripheral-nerves of broiler-chickens due to roxarsone and lasalocid toxicoses. Avian Dis 39:408–416.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson MK. 1977. Improved assay of neurotoxic esterase for screening organophosphates for delayed neurotoxicity potential. Arch Toxicol 37:113–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jortner BS. 2000. Mechanisms of toxic injury in the peripheral nervous system: neuropathologic considerations. Toxicol Pathol 28:54–69.
   Google Scholar
• Jortner BS, Ehrich M. 1987. Neuropathological effects of phenyl saligenin phosphate in chickens. Neurotoxicology 8:98–108.
   Google Scholar
• Kart A. 2005. Neuropathic aspect of organophosphate toxicity: a review. J Anim Vet Adv 4:723–725.
   Google Scholar
• Kart A, Bilgili A. 2008. Ionophore antibiotics: toxicity, mode of action and neurotoxic aspect of carboxylic ionophores. J Anim Vet Adv 7:748–751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidsky TI, Manetto C, Ehrich M. 1990. Nerve-conduction studies in chickens given phenyl saligenin phosphate and corticosterone. J Toxicol Environ Health 29:65–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopachin RM, Lapadula DM, Abou-Donia MB. 1988. Organophosphate intoxication alters distribution of elements in chicken peripheral nerve. Neurosci Abstr 14:775.
   Google Scholar
• Lopachin RM, Saubermann AJ. 1990. Disruption of cellular-elements and water in neurotoxicity-studies using electron-probe x-ray-microanalysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 106:355–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotti M. 1992. The pathogenesis of organophosphate polyneuropathy. Toxicology 21:465–487.
   Google Scholar
• Luttrell WE, Olajos EJ, Pleban PA. 1993. Change in hen sciatic nerve calcium after single oral dose of tri-o-toluil phosphate. Environ Res 60:290–294.
   Google Scholar
• Makhaeva G, Malygin V. 2005. Organophosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity. In: Monov A, Dishovsky C (Eds.), Medical aspects of chemical and biological terrorism. Sofia: Publ. House of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria; pp. 271–302.
   Google Scholar
• Massicotte C, Barber DS, Jortner BS, Ehrich M. 2001. Nerve conduction and ATP concentrations in sciatic-tibial and medial plantar nerves of hens given phenyl saligenin phosphate. Neurotoxicology 22:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massicotte C, Inzana KD, Ehrich M, Jortner BS. 1999. Neuropathologic effects of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)-induced promotion and protection in organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in hens. Neurotoxicology 20:749–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parascandola J. 1995. The Public Health Service and Jamaica ginger paralysis in the 1930s. Public Health Rep 110:361–363.
   Google Scholar
• Pellin M, Vicedo JL, Vilanova E. 1987. Sensitivity to Tri-ortho-cresylphosphate neurotoxicity on normal-hexane exposed hens as a model of simultaneous hexacarbon solvent and organophosphorus occupational intoxication. Arch Toxicol 59:311–318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pellin MC, Vilanova E, Barril J. 1988. Low non-neuropathic tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) doses inhibit neuropathy target esterase near the neuropathic threshold in normal-hexane pretreated hens. Toxicology 49:99–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piao F, Yamauch T, Ma N. 2003. The effect of Calcicol as calcium tonic on delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds. Toxicol Lett 143:65–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope CN. 1999. Organophosphorus pesticides: do they all have the same mechanism of toxicity? J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2:161–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope CN, Padilla S. 1990. Potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. J Toxicol Environ Health 31:261–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope CN, Tanaka D, Padilla S. 1993. The role of neurotoxic esterase (nte) in the prevention and potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Chem Biol Interact 87:395–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson DG, Schwab BW, Sills RD, Richardson RJ, Anderson RJ. 1987. Electrophysiologic changes following treatment with organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy-producing agents in the adult hen. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 87:420–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roder JD. 1996. Lasalocid induced neuropathy, PhD thesis. The Graduate School, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
   Google Scholar
• Segev G, Baneth G, Levitin B, Shlosberg A, Aroch I. 2004. Accidental poisoning of 17 dogs with lasalocid. Vet Rec 155:174–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shell L, Jortner BS, Ehrich M. 1988. Assessment of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy in chickens using needle electromyography. J Toxicol Environ Health 25:21–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman SA, Linder R, Farmer J, Curley A. 1982. Species susceptibility to delayed toxic neuropathy in relation to in vivo inhibition of neurotoxic esterase by neurotoxic organo-phosphorus esters. J Toxicol Environ Health 9:189–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YJ, Chang PA, Li M, Li YX, Li W. 2003. Effect of tri-o-cresyl phosphate and methamidophos on 45Ca uptake by brain synaptsomes in hens. Pestic Biochem Physiol 77:248–254.
   Google Scholar