Neurobehavioral assessment following e-cigarette refill liquid exposure in adult rats

References

• Ambrose JA, Barua RS. (2004). The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1731–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attaway CM, Compton DM, Turner MD. (1999). The effects of nicotine on learning and memory: a neuropsychological assessment in young and senescent Fischer 344 rats. Physiol Behav 67:421–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, et al. (2012). Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol 34:529–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu J, Siegelbaum SA. (2015). The corticohippocampal circuit, synaptic plasticity, and memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behar RZ, Davis B, Wang Y, et al. (2014). Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol in Vitro 28:198–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beracochea D, Boucard A, Trocme-Thibierge C, et al. (2008). Improvement of contextual memory by S 24795 in aged mice: comparison with memantine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196:555–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besaratinia A, Tommasi S. (2014). Electronic cigarettes: the road ahead. Prev Med 66:65–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besheer J, Bevins RA. (2000). Nicotine enhances acquisition of a T-maze visual discrimination: assessment of individual differences. Behav Pharmacol 11:613–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boess FG, De Vry J, Erb C, et al. (2007). The novel alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-7-[2-(methoxy)phenyl]-1-benzofuran-2-carboxa mide improves working and recognition memory in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321:716–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgerding MF, Bodnar JA, Curtin GM, et al. (2012). The chemical composition of smokeless tobacco: a survey of products sold in the United States in 2006 and 2007. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 64:367–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess N, Maguire EA, O'Keefe J. (2002). The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory. Neuron 35:625–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawkins L, Turner J, Hasna S, et al. (2012). The electronic-cigarette: effects on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and cognition. Addict Behav 37:970–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deacon RM. (2013). Measuring the strength of mice. J Vis Exp: e2610. doi:10.3791/2610.
   Google Scholar
• Dechanet C, Anahory T, Mathieu Daude JC, et al. (2011). Effects of cigarette smoking on reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 17:76–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desgranges B, Baron JC, Eustache F. (1998). The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory: the role of the frontal lobes, the hippocampal formation, and other areas. Neuroimage 8:198–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichenbaum H. (2004). Hippocampus: cognitive processes and neural representations that underlie declarative memory. Neuron 44:109–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaceur A, Delacour J. (1988). A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioral data. Behav Brain Res 31:47–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaceur A, Neave N, Aggleton JP. (1997). Spontaneous object recognition and object location memory in rats: the effects of lesions in the cingulate cortices, the medial prefrontal cortex, the cingulum bundle and the fornix. Exp Brain Res 113:509–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File SE, Cheeta S, Kenny PJ. (2000). Neurobiological mechanisms by which nicotine mediates different types of anxiety. Eur J Pharmacol 393:231–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerard N, Ceccarini J, Bormans G, et al. (2010). Influence of chronic nicotine administration on cerebral type 1 cannabinoid receptor binding: an in vivo micro-PET study in the rat using [18F]MK-9470. J Mol Neurosci 42:162–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlai R. (1998). A new continuous alternation task in T-maze detects hippocampal dysfunction in mice. A strain comparison and lesion study. Behav Brain Res 95:91–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotti C, Riganti L, Vailati S, et al. (2006). Brain neuronal nicotinic receptors as new targets for drug discovery. Curr Pharm Des 12:407–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumustekin K, Ciftci M, Coban A, et al. (2005). Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 20:497–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayase T. (2011). Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depression-like behaviors. BMC Pharmacol 11:6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heishman SJ, Kleykamp BA, Singleton EG. (2010). Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 210:453–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondziela W. (1964). Eine neue method zur messung der muskularen relaxation bei weissen mausen. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 152:277–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau K, Swiney BS, Reeves N, et al. (2012). Propylene glycol produces excessive apoptosis in the developing mouse brain, alone and in combination with phenobarbital. Pediatr Res 71:54–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, et al. (2015). Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. PLoS One 10:e0116732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin ED. (2002). Nicotinic receptor subtypes and cognitive function. J Neurobiol 53:633–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin ED, Petro A, Rezvani AH, et al. (2009). Nicotinic alpha7- or beta2-containing receptor knockout: effects on radial-arm maze learning and long-term nicotine consumption in mice. Behav Brain Res 196:207–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin ED, Torry D. (1996). Acute and chronic nicotine effects on working memory in aged rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 123:88–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim HB, Kim SH. (2014). Inhallation of e-cigarette cartridge solution aggravates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in mice. Toxicol Res 30:13–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matta SG, Balfour DJ, Benowitz NL, et al. (2007). Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 190:269–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaughy J, Decker MW, Sarter M. (1999). Enhancement of sustained attention performance by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ABT-418 in intact but not basal forebrain-lesioned rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 144:175–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse D, Rosas IO. (2014). Tobacco smoke-induced lung fibrosis and emphysema. Annu Rev Physiol 76:493–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauly J, Li Q, Barry MB. (2007). Tobacco-free electronic cigarettes and cigars deliver nicotine and generate concern. Tob Control 16:357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisinger C, Dossing M. (2014). A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes. Prev Med 69:248–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponzoni L, Moretti M, Sala M, et al. (2015). Different physiological and behavioural effects of e-cigarette vapour and cigarette smoke in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 25:1775–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puma C, Deschaux O, Molimard R, et al. (1999). Nicotine improves memory in an object recognition task in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9:323–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redrobe JP, Bull S, Plath N. (2010). Translational aspects of the novel object recognition task in rats abstinent following sub-chronic treatment with phencyclidine (PCP): effects of modafinil and relevance to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 1:146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivlin AS, Tator CH. (1977). Objective clinical assessment of motor function after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurosurg 47:577–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutten K, Reneerkens OA, Hamers H, et al. (2008). Automated scoring of novel object recognition in rats. J Neurosci Methods 171:72–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancilio S, Gallorini M, Cataldi A, et al. (2015). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 20:477–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarter M, Parikh V, Howe WM. (2009). nAChR agonist-induced cognition enhancement: integration of cognitive and neuronal mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 78:658–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, et al. (2015). Evaluation of e-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:3915–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler AG, Li S, Chavkin C. (2010). Behavioral stress may increase the rewarding valence of cocaine-associated cues through a dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor-mediated mechanism without affecting associative learning or memory retrieval mechanisms. Neuropsy-chopharmacology 35:1932–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sener G, Sehirli AO, Ipci Y, et al. (2005a). Chronic nicotine toxicity is prevented by aqueous garlic extract. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 60:77–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sener G, Sehirli O, Ipci Y, et al. (2005b). Protective effects of taurine against nicotine-induced oxidative damage of rat urinary bladder and kidney. Pharmacology 74:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sener G, Toklu HZ, Cetinel S. (2007). β-Glucan protects against chronic nicotine-induced oxidative damage in rat kidney and bladder. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 23:25–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tweed JO, Hsia SH, Lutfy K, et al. (2012). The endocrine effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke. Trends Endocrinol Metab 23:334–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2014). Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, et al. (2013). Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One 8:e57987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wonnacott S. (1997). Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors. Trends Neurosci 20:92–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Chang JR, Duan XH, et al. (2015). Thyroid hormone attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 96:80–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar