Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel formulation of coconut inflorescence sap against ox-LDL induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway

References

• Axelrod B, Cheesebrough TM, Laakso B. 1981. Lipoxygenase from soybeans methods in enzymology. Vol. 71. Cambridge (MA): Academic Press; p. 441–453.
   Google Scholar
• Brown K, Gerstberger S, Carlson L, Franzoso G, Siebenlist U. 1995. Control of I kappa B-alpha proteolysis by site-specific, signal-induced phosphorylation. Science. 267:1485–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JF, Whyte B, Bissinger PH, Schiest RH. 1996. Oxidative stress is involved in heat-induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:5116–5121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough PJ, Greaves DR, Suzuki H, Hakkinen T, Hiltunen MO, Turunen M, Herttuala SY, Kodama T, Gordon S. 1999. Analysis of macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) expression in human aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 19:461–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grisham MB, Johnson GG, Lancaster JR. 1996. Quantitation of nitrate and nitrite in extracellular fluids. Meth Enzymol. 268:237–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao MX, Jiang LS, Fang NY, Pu J, Hu LH, Shen LH, Song W, He B. 2010. The cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 protects against oxidized LDL-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. J Lipid Res. 51:2181–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havel RJ, Eder HA, Bragdon JH. 1995. The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein in human serum. J Clun Invest. 34:1345–1353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henkel T, Machleidt T, Alkalay I, Krönke M, Ben-Neriah Y, Baeuerle PA. 1993. Rapid proteolysis of I kappa B-alpha is necessary for activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B. Nature. 365:182–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Presa M, Bustos C, Ortego M, Tunon J, Renedo G, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J. 1997. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prevents arterial nuclear factor-kB activation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, and macrophage infiltration in a rabbit model of early accelerated atherosclerosis. Circulation. 95:1532–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iiyama K, Hajra L, Iiyama M, Li H, DiChiara M, Medoff BD, Cybulsky MI. 1999. Patterns of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rabbit and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and at sites predisposed to lesion formation. Circ Res. 85:199–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janeway CA Jr, Medzhitov R. 2002. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 20:197–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar KS, Vijayan V, Bhaskar S, Krishnan K, Shalini V, Helen A. 2012. Anti-inflammatory potential of an ethyl acetate fraction isolated from Justiciagendarussa roots through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-kB pathway. Cell Immunol. 272:283–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyan Y, Tkachuk S, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haller H, Fuhrman B, Dumler I. 2014. oxLDL induces inflammatory responses in vascular smooth muscle cells via urokinase receptor association with CD36 and TLR4. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 66:72–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunsch C, Lang RK, Rosen CA, Shannon MF. 1994. Synergistic transcriptional activation of the IL-8 gene by NF-kappa B p65 (RelA) and NF-IL-6. J Immunol. 153:153–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Hwang DH. 2006. The modulation of inflammatory gene expression by lipids: mediation through Toll-like receptors. Mol Cells. 21:174–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Zhao L, Hwang DH. 2010. Modulation of pattern recognition receptor-mediated inflammation and risk of chronic diseases by dietary fatty acids. Nutr Rev. 68:38–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao F, Andalibi A, deBeer FC, Fogelman AM, Lusis AJ. 1993. Genetic control of inflammatory gene induction and NF-κB-like transcription factor activation in response to an atherogenic diet in mice. J Clin Invest. 91:2572–2579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu RH. 2003. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. Am J Clin Nutr. 78:517–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Phcog Rev. 4:118.
   Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning AM, Bell FP, Rosenbloom CL, Chosay JG, Simmons CA, Northrup JL, Shebuski RJ, Dunn CJ, Anderson DC. 1995. NF-kappa B is activated during acute inflammation in vivo in association with elevated endothelial cell adhesion molecule gene expression and leukocyte recruitment. J Inflamm. 45:283–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maziere C, Auclair M, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Packer L, Maziere JC. 1996. Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces activation of the transcription factor NF kappa B in fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 39:1201–1207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 65:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowicki M, Müller K, Serke H, Kosacka J, Vilser C, Ricken A, Spanel-Borowski K. 2010. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced cell death in dorsal root ganglion cell cultures depends not on the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 but on the toll-like receptor-4. J Neurosci Res. 88:403–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 95:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otsui K, Ionue N, Kobayashi S. 2005. Enhanced expression of TLR4 in smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic coronary arteriesrole of inflammatory cytokines. Circ J. 69:639.
   Google Scholar
• Pardo GL, Paim BA, Castilho RF, Velho JA, Delgado R, Vercesi AE, Oliveira HC. 2008. Mangiferaindica L. extract (Vimanag) and its main polyphenol mangiferin prevent mitochondrial oxidative stress in atherosclerosis prone hypercholesterolemic mouse. Pharmacol Res. 57:332–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauwels R, Balzarini J, Baba M, Snoeck R, Schols D, Herdewijn P, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. 1988. Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of anti-HIV compounds. J Virol Methods. 20:309–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peiser L, Mukhopadhyay S, Gordon S. 2002. Scavenger receptors in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 14:123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radhika A, Jacob SS, Sudhakaran PR. 2007. Influence of oxidatively modified LDL on monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Mol Cell Biochem. 305:133–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radmark O, Samuelsson B. 2007. 5-lipoxygenase: regulation and possible involvement in atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 83:162–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabroe I, Read RC, Whyte MKB, Dockrell DH, Vogel SN, Dower SK. 2003. Toll-like receptors in health and disease: complex questions remain. J Immunol. 171:1630–1635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santangelo C, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, D, Benedetto R, Filesi C, Masella R. 2007. Polyphenols, intracellular signalling and inflammation. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 43:394–405.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimizu T, Kondo K, Hayaishi O. 1981. Role of prostaglandin endoperoxides in the serum thiobarbituric acid reaction. Arch Biochem Biophys. 206:271–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svenia PJ, Asha S, Krishnakumar IM, Ratheesh M, Santhosh S, Sandhya S, Grishkumar B, Pramod C. 2017. Nephro-protective effect of a novel formulation of unopened coconut inflorescence sap powder on gentamicin induced renal damage by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Biomed Pharmacother. 85:128–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang B, Deng Z, Ramdath DD, Tang Y, Chen PX, Liu R, Liu Q, Tsao R. 2015. Phenolic profiles of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and their contribution to antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Food Chem. 172:862–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X-P, Zhang L, Chen L-J, Cheng Q-H, Wang J-M, Cai W, Shen H-P, Cai J. 2007. Influence of dexamethasone on inflammatory mediators and NF-kappaB expression in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 13:548–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar