Differential effects of OATP2B1 on statin accumulation and toxicity in a beta cell model

References

• Abe M, Toyohara T, Ishii A, Suzuki T, Noguchi N, Akiyama Y, Shiwaku HO, Nakagomi-Hagihara R, Zheng G, Shibata E, et al. 2010. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin stimulates insulin secretion through organic anion transporter polypeptides. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 25(3):274–282. eng. doi: 10.2133/dmpk.25.274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhyaru BB, Jacobson TA. 2018. Safety and efficacy of statin therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol. 15(12):757–769. doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0098-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allard NAE, Schirris TJJ, Verheggen RJ, Russel FGM, Rodenburg RJ, Smeitink JAM, Thompson PD, Hopman MTE, Timmers S. 2018. Statins affect skeletal muscle performance: evidence for disturbances in energy metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 103(1):75–84. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold SV, Gosch K, Kosiborod M, Wong ND, Sperling LS, Newman JD, Gamble CL, Hamersky C, Rajpura J, Vaduganathan M. 2023. Contemporary use of cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in type 2 diabetes. Insights from the diabetes collaborative registry. Am Heart J. 263:104–111. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, et al. 2010. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 376(9753):1670–1681. eng. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Lindh JD, Bergman P. 2011. What is a relevant statin concentration in cell experiments claiming pleiotropic effects? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 72(1):164–165. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03907.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonifacio A, Mullen PJ, Mityko IS, Navegantes LC, Bouitbir J, Krahenbuhl S. 2016. Simvastatin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and increased atrogin-1 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and mice in vivo. Arch Toxicol. 90(1):203–215. eng. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1378-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouitbir J, Sanvee GM, Panajatovic MV, Singh F, Krahenbuhl S. 2020. Mechanisms of statin-associated skeletal muscle-associated symptoms. Pharmacol Res. 154:104201. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cafforio P, Dammacco F, Gernone A, Silvestris F. 2005. Statins activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in human lymphoblasts and myeloma cells. Carcinogenesis. 26(5):883–891. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederberg H, Stancakova A, Yaluri N, Modi S, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. 2015. Increased risk of diabetes with statin treatment is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion: a 6 year follow-up study of the METSIM cohort. Diabetologia. 58(5):1109–1117. eng. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3528-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YH, Chen YC, Liu CS, Hsieh MC. 2016. The different effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on cell death and PARP activity in pancreatic NIT-1 cells. J Diabetes Res. 2016:1828071–1828017. eng. doi: 10.1155/2016/1828071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandall JP, Mather K, Rajpathak SN, Goldberg RB, Watson K, Foo S, Ratner R, Barrett-Connor E, Temprosa M. 2017. Statin use and risk of developing diabetes: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 5(1):e000438. eng. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGorter MK, Kim RB. 2009. Hepatic drug transporters, old and new: pharmacogenomics, drug response, and clinical relevance. Hepatology. 50(4):1014–1016. eng. doi: 10.1002/hep.23233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGorter MK, Tirona RG, Schwarz UI, Choi YH, Dresser GK, Suskin N, Myers K, Zou G, Iwuchukwu O, Wei WQ, et al. 2013. Clinical and pharmacogenetic predictors of circulating atorvastatin and rosuvastatin concentrations in routine clinical care. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 6(4):400–408. eng. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGorter MK, Urquhart BL, Gradhand U, Tirona RG, Kim RB. 2012. Disposition of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin in oatp1b2-/- mice and intraindividual variability in human subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 52(11):1689–1697. eng. doi: 10.1177/0091270011422815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGorter MK, Xia CQ, Yang JJ, Kim RB. 2012. Drug transporters in drug efficacy and toxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 52(1):249–273. eng. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134529.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deng F, Tuomi SK, Neuvonen M, Hirvensalo P, Kulju S, Wenzel C, Oswald S, Filppula AM, Niemi M. 2021. Comparative hepatic and intestinal efflux transport of statins. Drug Metab Dispos. 49(9):750–759. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwara D, Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Tomonari Y, Koumoto YI, Sakaguchi K, Nishida S. 2017. Statins induce apoptosis through inhibition of Ras signaling pathways and enhancement of Bim and p27 expression in human hematopoietic tumor cells. Tumour Biol. 39(10):1010428317734947. doi: 10.1177/1010428317734947.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Ocana A, Takane KK, Reddy VT, Lopez-Talavera JC, Vasavada RC, Stewart AF. 2003. Adenovirus-mediated hepatocyte growth factor expression in mouse islets improves pancreatic islet transplant performance and reduces beta cell death. J Biol Chem. 278(1):343–351. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M207848200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golomb BA, Evans MA. 2008. Statin adverse effects: a review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 8(6):373–418. eng. doi: 10.2165/0129784-200808060-00004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grube M, Kock K, Oswald S, Draber K, Meissner K, Eckel L, Bohm M, Felix SB, Vogelgesang S, Jedlitschky G, et al. 2006. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 is a high-affinity transporter for atorvastatin and is expressed in the human heart. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 80(6):607–620. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.09.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadamuz JS, Shooshtari A, Qato DM. 2022. Global, regional and national trends in statin utilisation in high-income and low/middle-income countries, 2015-2020. BMJ Open. 12(9):e061350. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho RH, Tirona RG, Leake BF, Glaeser H, Lee W, Lemke CJ, Wang Y, Kim RB. 2006. Drug and bile acid transporters in rosuvastatin hepatic uptake: function, expression, and pharmacogenetics. Gastroenterology. 130(6):1793–1806. eng. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmeister T, Kaiser J, Ludtke S, Drews G, Dufer M. 2020. Interactions between atorvastatin and the farnesoid X receptor impair insulinotropic effects of bile acids and modulate diabetogenic risk. Mol Pharmacol. 97(3):202–211. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.118083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou T, Li Y, Chen W, Heffner RR, Vladutiu GD. 2017. Histopathologic and biochemical evidence for mitochondrial disease among 279 patients with severe statin myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 4(1):77–87. eng. doi: 10.3233/JND-160184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. 2018. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci. 14(11):1483–1496. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.27173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa M, Okajima F, Inoue N, Motomura K, Kato T, Takahashi A, Oikawa S, Yamada N, Shimano H. 2006. Distinct effects of pravastatin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin on insulin secretion from a beta-cell line, MIN6 cells. J Atheroscler Thromb. 13(6):329–335. eng. doi: 10.5551/jat.13.329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itagaki M, Takaguri A, Kano S, Kaneta S, Ichihara K, Satoh K. 2009. Possible mechanisms underlying statin-induced skeletal muscle toxicity in L6 fibroblasts and in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 109(1):94–101. eng. doi: 10.1254/jphs.08238fp.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang S, Kim K, Noh JY, Jung Y, Bae ON, Lim KM, Chung JH. 2016. Simvastatin induces the apoptosis of normal vascular smooth muscle through the disruption of actin integrity via the impairment of RhoA/Rac-1 activity. Thromb Haemost. 116(3):496–505. eng. doi: 10.1160/TH15-11-0858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Deacon P, Tirona RG, Kim RB, Pin CL, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Wang R, Schwarz UI. 2017. Characterization of OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 transporter expression in the islet of the adult human pancreas. Histochem Cell Biol. 148(4):345–357. doi: 10.1007/s00418-017-1580-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimoto E, Yoshida K, Balogh LM, Bi YA, Maeda K, El-Kattan A, Sugiyama Y, Lai Y. 2012. Characterization of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) expression and its functional contribution to the uptake of substrates in human hepatocytes. Mol Pharm. 9(12):3535–3542. eng. doi: 10.1021/mp300379q.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinzi J, Grube M, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. 2021. OATP2B1 - The underrated member of the organic anion transporting polypeptide family of drug transporters? Biochem Pharmacol. 188:114534. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona RG. 2010. Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins. Circ Res. 106(2):297–306. eng. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.203596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowluru A. 2010. Small G proteins in islet beta-cell function. Endocr Rev. 31(1):52–78. eng. doi: 10.1210/er.2009-0022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar N, Mandal CC. 2021. Cholesterol-lowering drugs on Akt signaling for prevention of tumorigenesis. Front Genet. 12:724149. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.724149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunze A, Huwyler J, Camenisch G, Poller B. 2014. Prediction of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1- and 1B3-mediated hepatic uptake of statins based on transporter protein expression and activity data. Drug Metab Dispos. 42(9):1514–1521. eng. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.058412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutlu B, Kayali AG, Jung S, Parnaud G, Baxter D, Glusman G, Goodman N, Behie LA, Hayek A, Hood L. 2009. Meta-analysis of gene expression in human pancreatic islets after in vitro expansion. Physiol Genomics. 39(1):72–81. eng. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00063.2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen S, Stride N, Hey-Mogensen M, Hansen CN, Bang LE, Bundgaard H, Nielsen LB, Helge JW, Dela F. 2013. Simvastatin effects on skeletal muscle: relation to decreased mitochondrial function and glucose intolerance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 61(1):44–53. eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtisalo M, Kiander W, Filppula AM, Deng F, Kidron H, Korhonen M, Sinkko J, Koivula K, Niemi M. 2023. Rhabdomyolysis during concomitant ticagrelor and rosuvastatin: a breast cancer resistance protein-mediated drug interaction? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 89(7):2309–2315. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtisalo M, Taskinen S, Tarkiainen EK, Neuvonen M, Viinamaki J, Paile-Hyvarinen M, Lilius TO, Tapaninen T, Backman JT, Tornio A, et al. 2023. A comprehensive pharmacogenomic study indicates roles for SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and SLCO2B1 in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 89(1):242–252. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, Bowman L, Heath S, Matsuda F, Gut I, Lathrop M, Collins R. 2008. SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy–a genomewide study. N Engl J Med. 359(8):789–799. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littarru GP, Tiano L. 2007. Bioenergetic and antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10: recent developments. Mol Biotechnol. 37(1):31–37. eng. doi: 10.1007/s12033-007-0052-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu A, Wu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Rodríguez J-L, Martínez-Larrañaga M-R, Yuan Z, Anadón A, Wang X, Martínez M-A. 2019. Statins: adverse reactions, oxidative stress and metabolic interactions. Pharmacol Ther. 195:54–84. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo K, Yu JH, Quan Y, Shin YJ, Lee KE, Kim HL, Ko EJ, Chung BH, Lim SW, Yang CW. 2019. Therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q(10) in mitochondrial dysfunction during tacrolimus-induced beta cell injury. Sci Rep. 9(1):7995. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44475-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald P, Veluthakal R, Kaur H, Kowluru A. 2007. Biologically active lipids promote trafficking and membrane association of Rac1 in insulin-secreting INS 832/13 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 292(3):C1216–1220. eng. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00467.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medwid S, Li MMJ, Knauer MJ, Lin K, Mansell SE, Schmerk CL, Zhu C, Griffin KE, Yousif MD, Dresser GK, et al. 2019. Fexofenadine and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in mice with targeted disruption of organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 47(8):832–842. doi: 10.1124/dmd.119.087619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medwid S, Price HR, Taylor DP, Mailloux J, Schwarz UI, Kim RB, Tirona RG. 2021. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) genetic variants: in vitro functional characterization and association with circulating concentrations of endogenous substrates. Front Pharmacol. 12:713567. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melloul D, Marshak S, Cerasi E. 2002. Regulation of insulin gene transcription. Diabetologia. 45(3):309–326. doi: 10.1007/s00125-001-0728-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Boettcher K, Steiner T, Schwarz UI, Keiser M, Kroemer HK, Siegmund W. 2014. OATP1B3 is expressed in pancreatic beta-islet cells and enhances the insulinotropic effect of the sulfonylurea derivative glibenclamide. Diabetes. 63(2):775–784. eng. doi: 10.2337/db13-1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikashinovich ZI, Belousova ES, Sarkisyan OG. 2017. Impairment of energy-dependent processes in the muscle tissue as a pathogenetic mechanism of statin-induced myopathy. Bull Exp Biol Med. 162(4):433–435. eng. doi: 10.1007/s10517-017-3633-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills EJ, Wu P, Chong G, Ghement I, Singh S, Akl EA, Eyawo O, Guyatt G, Berwanger O, Briel M. 2011. Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials. QJM. 104(2):109–124. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollazadeh H, Tavana E, Fanni G, Bo S, Banach M, Pirro M, von Haehling S, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. 2021. Effects of statins on mitochondrial pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 12(2):237–251. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuvonen PJ. 2010. Drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): the importance of CYP enzymes, transporters and pharmacogenetics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 11(3):323–332. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi M. 2010. Transporter pharmacogenetics and statin toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 87(1):130–133. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otahal A, Aydemir D, Tomasich E, Minichsdorfer C. 2020. Delineation of cell death mechanisms induced by synergistic effects of statins and erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) lines. Sci Rep. 10(1):959. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57707-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perego C, Da Dalt L, Pirillo A, Galli A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. 2019. Cholesterol metabolism, pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1865(9):2149–2156. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Sala D, Mollinedo F. 1994. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis induces apoptosis in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 199(3):1209–1215. eng. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P, Murphy SA, Ho JE, Waters DD, DeMicco DA, Barter P, Cannon CP, Sabatine MS, et al. 2011. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 305(24):2556–2564. eng. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochlani Y, Kattoor AJ, Pothineni NV, Palagiri RDR, Romeo F, Mehta JL. 2017. Balancing primary prevention and statin-induced diabetes mellitus prevention. Am J Cardiol. 120(7):1122–1128. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadighara M, Amirsheardost Z, Minaiyan M, Hajhashemi V, Naserzadeh P, Salimi A, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. 2017. Toxicity of atorvastatin on pancreas mitochondria: a justification for increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 120(2):131–137. eng. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salunkhe VA, Elvstam O, Eliasson L, Wendt A. 2016. Rosuvastatin treatment affects both basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells. PLoS One. 11(3):e0151592. eng. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, Welsh P, Buckley BM, de Craen AJ, Seshasai SR, McMurray JJ, Freeman DJ, Jukema JW, et al. 2010. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 375(9716):735–742. eng. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61965-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B, et al. 2012. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods. 9(7):676–682. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirris TJ, Renkema GH, Ritschel T, Voermans NC, Bilos A, van Engelen BG, Brandt U, Koopman WJ, Beyrath JD, Rodenburg RJ, et al. 2015. Statin-induced myopathy is associated with mitochondrial complex III inhibition. Cell Metab. 22(3):399–407. eng. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultze SM, Hemmings BA, Niessen M, Tschopp O. 2012. PI3K/AKT, MAPK and AMPK signalling: protein kinases in glucose homeostasis. Expert Rev Mol Med. 14:e1. doi: 10.1017/S1462399411002109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen L, Gu Y, Qiu Y, Cheng T, Nie A, Cui C, Fu C, Li T, Li X, Fu L, et al. 2020. Atorvastatin targets the islet mevalonate pathway to dysregulate mTOR signaling and reduce beta-cell functional mass. Diabetes. 69(1):48–59. doi: 10.2337/db19-0178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirvent P, Fabre O, Bordenave S, Hillaire-Buys D, Raynaud De Mauverger E, Lacampagne A, Mercier J. 2012. Muscle mitochondrial metabolism and calcium signaling impairment in patients treated with statins. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 259(2):263–268. eng. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. 2014. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 129(25 Suppl 2)Suppl 2: s 1–45. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stringer HA, Sohi GK, Maguire JA, Cote HC. 2013. Decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA in patients with statin-induced myopathy. J Neurol Sci. 325(1-2):142–147. eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.12.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takei S, Nagashima S, Takei A, Yamamuro D, Wakabayashi T, Murakami A, Isoda M, Yamazaki H, Ebihara C, Takahashi M, et al. 2020. beta-cell-specific deletion of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase causes overt diabetes due to reduction of beta-cell mass and impaired insulin secretion. Diabetes. 69(11):2352–2363. doi: 10.2337/db19-0996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya M, Hosaka M, Moriguchi T, Zhang S, Suda M, Yokota-Hashimoto H, Shinozuka K, Takeuchi T. 2010. Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway intermediates and inhibitors regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and secretory granule formation in pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology. 151(10):4705–4716. eng. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbano F, Bugliani M, Filippello A, Scamporrino A, Di Mauro S, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Noto D, Rabuazzo AM, Averna M, et al. 2017. Atorvastatin but not pravastatin impairs mitochondrial function in human pancreatic islets and rat beta-cells. Direct effect of oxidative stress. Sci Rep. 7(1):11863. eng. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11070-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veluthakal R, Thurmond DC. 2021. Emerging roles of small GTPases in islet beta-cell function. Cells. 10(6):1503. doi: 10.3390/cells10061503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrkic Kirhmajer M, Macolic Sarinic V, Simicevic L, Ladic I, Putarek K, Banfic L, Bozina N. 2018. Rosuvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis - possible role of ticagrelor and patients’ pharmacogenetic profile. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 123(4):509–518. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward NC, Watts GF, Eckel RH. 2019. Statin toxicity. Circ Res. 124(2):328–350. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Mezghenna K, Marmol P, Guo T, Moliner A, Yang SN, Berggren PO, Ibanez CF. 2014. Differential regulation of mouse pancreatic islet insulin secretion and Smad proteins by activin ligands. Diabetologia. 57(1):148–156. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3079-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yada T, Nakata M, Shiraishi T, Kakei M. 1999. Inhibition by simvastatin, but not pravastatin, of glucose-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signalling and insulin secretion due to blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels in rat islet beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol. 126(5):1205–1213. eng. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaekura K, Julyan R, Wicksteed BL, Hays LB, Alarcon C, Sommers S, Poitout V, Baskin DG, Wang Y, Philipson LH, et al. 2003. Insulin secretory deficiency and glucose intolerance in Rab3A null mice. J Biol Chem. 278(11):9715–9721. eng. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M211352200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaluri N, Modi S, Kokkola T. 2016. Simvastatin induces insulin resistance in L6 skeletal muscle myotubes by suppressing insulin signaling, GLUT4 expression and GSK-3beta phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 480(2):194–200. eng. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanae M, Tsubaki M, Satou T, Itoh T, Imano M, Yamazoe Y, Nishida S. 2011. Statin-induced apoptosis via the suppression of ERK1/2 and Akt activation by inhibition of the geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate biosynthesis in glioblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 30(1):74. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yogev Y, Shorer Z, Koifman A, Wormser O, Drabkin M, Halperin D, Dolgin V, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Hadar N, Davidov G, et al. 2023. Limb girdle muscular disease caused by HMGCR mutation and statin myopathy treatable with mevalonolactone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 120(7):e2217831120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2217831120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young SG, Fong LG. 2012. Lowering plasma cholesterol by raising LDL receptors–revisited. N Engl J Med. 366(12):1154–1155. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1202168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarek J, DeGorter MK, Lubetsky A, Kim RB, Laskin CA, Berger H, Koren G. 2013. The transfer of pravastatin in the dually perfused human placenta. Placenta. 34(8):719–721. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao W, Zhao SP. 2015. Different effects of statins on induction of diabetes mellitus: an experimental study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 9:6211–6223. eng. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S87979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Li W, Xie Q, Hou Y, Zhan S, Yang X, Xu X, Cai J, Huang Z. 2014. Effects of simvastatin on glucose metabolism in mouse MIN6 cells. J Diabetes Res. 2014:376570–376510. eng. doi: 10.1155/2014/376570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar