339
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

An improved method for toxicological profiling of chemical substances

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 545-562 | Received 13 Nov 2023, Accepted 20 Jan 2024, Published online: 12 Feb 2024

References

  • Arome D, Chinedu E. 2013. The importance of toxicity testing. J Pharmaceut Biosci. 4:146–148.
  • Balls M. 2020. It’s time to reconsider the principles of humane experimental technique. Altern Lab Anim. 48(1):40–46. doi: 10.1177/0261192920911339.
  • Chinedu E, Arome D, Ameh FS. 2013. A new method for determining acute toxicity in animal models. Toxicol Int. 20(3):224–226. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.121674.
  • Chung YH, Gulumian M, Pleus RC, Yu IJ. 2022. Animal welfare considerations when conducting OECD test guideline inhalation and toxicokinetic studies for nanomaterials. Animals (Basel). 12(23):3305. doi: 10.3390/ani12233305.
  • DePass LR. 1989. Alternative approaches in median lethality (LD50) and acute toxicity testing. Toxicol Lett. 49(2-3):159–170. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(89)90030-1.
  • Erhirhie EO, Ihekwereme CP, Ilodigwe EE. 2018. Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance. Interdiscip Toxicol. 11(1):5–12. doi: 10.2478/intox-2018-0001.
  • Fischer I, Milton C, Wallace H. 2020. Toxicity testing is evolving!. Toxicol Res (Camb). 9(2):67–80. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa011.
  • Franco NH, Correia-Neves M, Olsson IAS. 2012. How ‘‘Humane” Is Your Endpoint ?—Refining the science-driven approach for termination of animal studies of chronic infection. PLoS Pathog. 8(1):e1002399. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399.
  • Gauvin DV, Yoder JD, Holdsworth DL, Harter ML, May JR, Cotey N, Dalton JA, Baird TJ. 2016. The standardized functional observational battery: its intrinsic value remains in the instrument of measure: the rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 82:90–108. doi: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.08.001.
  • Hubrecht RC, Carter E. 2019. The 3Rs and humane experimental technique: implementing change. Animals (Basel). 9(10):754. doi: 10.3390/ani9100754.
  • Kärber G. 1931. Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakolo gischer Reihenversuche [A contribution to the collective treatment of a pharmacological experimental series]. Archiv f Experiment Pathol u Pharmakol. 162(4):480–483. doi: 10.1007/BF01863914.
  • LeBeau JE. 1983. The role of the LD50 determination in drug safety evaluation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 3(1):71–74. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(83)90051-x.
  • Llorens J, Callejo A, Greguske EA, Maroto AF, Cutillas B, Martins-Lopes V. 2018. Physiological assesment of vestibular function and toxicity in humans and animals. NeuroToxicology. 66:204–212. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.003.
  • Lorke D. 1983. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol. 54(4):275–287. doi: 10.1007/BF01234480.
  • Mathiasen JR, Moser VC. 2018. The Irwin test and functional observational battery (FOB) for assessing the effects of compounds on behavior, physiology, and safety pharmacology in rodents. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 83(1):e43. doi: 10.1002/cpph.43.
  • Moser V. 2000. The functional observational battery in adult and developing rats. Neurotoxicology. 21(6):989–996.
  • OECD. 2022. Test No. 425: acute Oral Toxicity: up-and-Down Procedure. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
  • OECD. 2002a. Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Human Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation. doi: 10.1787/9789264078376-en.
  • OECD. 2002b. Test No. 420: acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
  • OECD. 2002c. Test No. 423: acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
  • OECD. 2002d. Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity Testing. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
  • OECD. 2002e. Harmonised Integrated Classification System for Human Health and Environmental Hazards of Chemical Substances and Mixtures. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
  • Olayode OA, Daniyan MO, Olayiwola G. 2020. Biochemical, hematological and histopathological evaluation of the toxicity potential of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis in rats. J Tradit Complement Med. 10(6):544–554. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.05.001.
  • Onwusonye JC, Uwakwe AA, Iwuanyanwu P, Iheagwam U. 2014. Oral acute toxicity.
  • Randhawa MA. 2009. Calculation of LD50 values from the method of Miller and Tainter, 1944. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 21(3):184–185.
  • Reed LJ, Muench H. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am J Hygiene. 27(3):493–497. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408.
  • Ridings JE. 2013. The thalidomide disaster, lessons from the past. Methods Mol Biol. 947:575–586. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-131-8_36.
  • Robinson L. 2018. Factors that modify toxicity. In: A practical guide to toxicology and human health risk assessment. New York City: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; p. 45–51. doi: 10.1002/9781118881880.ch5.
  • Russell WMS, Burch RL. 1960. The principles of humane experimental technique. Med J Australia. 1:500–500. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1960.tb73127.x.
  • Saganuwan SA. 2016. The new algorithm for calculation of median lethal dose (LD50) and effective dose fifty (ED50) of Micrarus fulvius venom and anti-venom in mice. Int J Vet Sci Med. 4(1):1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.09.001.
  • Shobo AA, Daniyan MO, Olayiwola G, Idowu TO, Ogundaini AO, Adesanya SA. 2019. Toxicity evaluation of the extract and fraction of chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledons in rats. SOJ Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 6:1–12. doi: 10.15226/2374-6866/6/1/00194.
  • The GIMP Development Team. 2019. GIMP. The GNU Image Manipulation Program.
  • United Nations. 2019. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.