Advanced search
Publication Cover
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Volume 15, 2005 - Issue 2
Submit an article Journal homepage
232
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Toxicology Mechanisms

Statins and Modulation of Oxidative Stress

Jerzy Beltowski Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Pages 61-92 | Received 22 Jan 2004, Accepted 31 Mar 2004, Published online: 09 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Abid M. R., Tsai J. C., Spokes K. C., Deshpande S. S., Irani K., Aird W. C. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces manganese-superoxide dismutase expression in endothelial cells by a Rac1-regulated NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 2548–2550, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Alfon J., Guasch J. F., Berrozpe M., Badimon L. Nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) gene expression correlates with atherosclerotic intimal thickening. Preventive effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Atherosclerosis 1999; 145: 325–331, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Almog Y. Statins, inflammation, and sepsis: hypothesis. Chest 2003; 124: 740–743, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Alvarez D e, Sotomayor M., Herrera M. D., Marhuenda E., Andriantsitohaina R. Characterization of endothelial factors involved in the vasodilatory effect of simvastatin in aorta and small mesenteric artery of the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 131: 1179–1187, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Appelkvist E. L., Edlund C., Low P., Schedin S., Kalen A., Dallner G. Effects of inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase on coenzyme Q and dolichol biosynthesis. Clin. Invest. 1993; 71: S97–S102
  • Arnaiz S. L., Travacio M., Llesuy S., Boveris A. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism during peroxisome proliferation by fenofibrate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995; 1272: 175–180, [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Avirsam M., Dankner G., Cogan U., Hochgraf E., Brook J. G. Lovastatin inhibits low-density lipoprotein oxidation and alters its fluidity and uptake by macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies. Metabolism 1992; 41: 229–235, [CROSSREF]
  • Aviram M., Hardak E., Vaya J., Mahmood S., Milo S., Hoffman A., Billicke S., Draganov D., Rosenblat M. Human serum paraoxonases (PON1) Q and R selectively decrease lipid peroxides in human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic lesions: PON1 esterase and peroxidase-like activities. Circulation 2000; 101: 2510–2517, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Aviram M., Rosenblat M., Billecke S., Erogul J., Sorenson R., Bisgaier C. L., Newton R. S., La Du B. Human serum paraoxonase (PON 1) is inactivated by oxidized low density lipoprotein and preserved by antioxidants. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1999; 26: 892–904, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Aviram M., Rosenblat M., Bisgaier C. L., Newton R. S. Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil metabolites, but not the parent drugs, are potent antioxidants against lipoprotein oxidation. Atherosclerosis 1998; 138: 271–280, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Backes J. M., Howard P. A. Association of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with neuropathy. Ann. Pharmacother. 2003; 37: 274–278, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Bae J. H., Bassenge E., Lee H. J., Park K. R., Park C. G., Park K. Y., Lee M. S., Schwemmer M. Impact of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia on vascular responses in patients with coronary artery disease: effects of ACE inhibitors and fibrates. Atherosclerosis 2001; 158: 165–171, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Balogh Z., Fulop P., Seres I., Harangi M., Katona E., Kovacs P., Kosztaczky B., Paragh G. Effects of simvastatin on serum paraoxonase activity. Clin. Drug Invest. 2001; 21: 505–510
  • Bandoh T., Mitani H., Niihashi M., Kusumi Y., Kimura M., Ishikawa J., Totsuka T., Sakurai I., Hayashi S. Fluvastatin suppresses atherosclerotic progression, mediated through its inhibitory effect on endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and macrophage deposition. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2000; 35: 136–144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Bandoh T., Sato E. F., Mitani H., Nakashima A., Hoshi K., Inoue M. Antioxidative potential of fluvastatin via the inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003; 26: 818–822, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Bargossi A. M., Grossi G., Fiorella P. L., Gaddi A., Di Giulio R., Battino M. Exogenous CoQ10 supplementation prevents plasma ubiquinone reduction induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Mol. Aspects Med. 1994; 15(Supp)S187–S193, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Bauer D. C. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and the skeleton: a comprehensive review. Osteoporos Int. 2003; 14: 273–282, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Bauersachs J., Galuppo P., Fraccarollo D., Christ M., Ertl G. Improvement of left ventricular remodeling and function by hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition with cerivastatin in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2001; 104: 982–985, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Beck P., Wysowski D. K., Downey W., Butler-Jones D. Statin use and the risk of breast cancer. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2003; 56: 280–285, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Becuwe P., Bianchi A., Keller J. M., Dauca M. Effects of the peroxisome proliferator clofibric acid on superoxide dismutase expression in the human HepG2 hepatoma cell line. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1999; 58: 1025–1033, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Beltowski J., Wojcicka G., Jamroz A. Differential effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on plasma paraoxonase 1 activity in the rat. Pol. J. Pharmacol. 2002a; 54: 661–671, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Beltowski J., Wojcicka G., Mydlarczyk M., Jamroz A. Cerivastatin modulates plasma paraoxonase/arylesterase activity and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the rat. Pol. J. Pharmacol. 2002b; 54: 143–150, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Beltowski J., Wojcicka G., Mydlarczyk M., Jamroz A. The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) agonist, fenofibrate, on lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2002c; 53: 463–475, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Beltowski J., Wojcicka G., Jamroz A. Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) on tissue paraoxonase 1 and plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase activities. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2004; 43: 121–127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Berkels R., Nouri S. K., Taubert D., Bartels H., Roesen P., Roesen R., Klaus W. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin enhances the nitric oxide bioavailability of the endothelium. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 42: 356–363, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Bernini F., Scurati N., Bonfadini G., Fumagalli R. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce acetyl LDL endocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1995; 15: 1352–1358, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Berthou L., Duverger N., Emmanuel F., Langouet S., Auwerx J., Guillouzo A., Fruchart J. C., Rubin E., Denefle P., Staels B., Branellec D. Opposite regulation of human versus mouse apolipoprotein A-I by fibrates in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice. J Clin Invest. 1996; 97: 2408–2416, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Blaha V., Zadak Z., Solichova D., Bratova M., Havel E. Hypocholesterolemic effect of pravastatin is associated with increased content of antioxidant vitamin-E in cholesterol fractions. Acta Med. 1998; 41: 87–90
  • Bleske B. E., Willis R. A., Anthony M., Casselberry N., Datwani M., Uhley V. E., Secontine S. G., Shea M. J. The effect of pravastatin and atorvastatin on coenzyme Q10. Am. Heart J 2001; 142: E2, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Boger R. H., Bode-Boger S. M., Brandes R. P., Phivthong-ngam L., Bohme M., Nafe R., Mugge A., Frolich J. C. Dietary L-arginine reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: comparison with lovastatin. Circulation 1997; 96: 1282–1290, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Boger R. H., Bode-Boger S. M., Szuba A., Tsao P. S., Chan J. R., Tangphao O., Blaschke T. F., Cooke J. P. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 1998; 98: 1842–1847, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bokoch G. M., Prossnitz V. Isoprenoid metabolism is required for stimulation of the respiratory burst oxidase of HL-60 cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 89: 402–408, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bolego C., Baetta R., Bellosta S., Corsini A., Paoletti R. Safety considerations for statins. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2002; 13: 637–644, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Brandes R. P., Beer S., Ha T., Busse R. Withdrawal of cerivastatin induces monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and tissue factor expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 1794–1800, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Bravo L., Herrera M. D., Marhuenda E., Perez-Guerrero C. Cardiovascular effects of lovastatin in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 1998; 30: 331–336, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Brown B. G., Zhao X. Q., Chait A., Fisher L. D., Cheung M. C., Morse J. S., Dowdy A. A., Marino E. K., Bolson E. L., Alaupovic P., Frohlich J., Albers J. J. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 345: 1583–1592, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Bureau F., Desmet C., Melotte D., Jaspar F., Volanti C., Vanderplasschen A., Pastoret P. P., Piette J., Lekeux P. A proinflammatory role for the cyclopentenone prostaglandins at low micromolar concentrations: oxidative stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation without NF-κ B inhibition. J. Immunol. 2002; 168: 5318–5325, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cai H., Griendling K. K., Harrison D. G. The vascular NAD(P)H oxidases as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2003; 24: 471–478, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Caillard S., Leray C., Kunz K., Gachet C., Offner M., Wiesel M. L., Hannedouchte T. H., Cazenave J. P., Moulin B. Effects of cerivastatin on lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and platelet and endothelial activation in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2000; 32: 2787–2788, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Cardillo C., Kilcoyne C. M., Cannon R. O., 3rd, Quyyumi A. A., Panza J. A. Xanthine oxidase inhibition with oxypurinol improves endothelial vasodilator function in hypercholesterolemic but not in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1997; 30: 57–63, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Carneado J., Alvarez de Sotomayor M., Perez-Guerrero C., Jimenez L., Herrera M. D., Pamies E., Martin-Sanz M. D., Stiefel P., Miranda M., Bravo L., Marhuenda E. Simvastatin improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats through a superoxide dismutase mediated antioxidant effect. J. Hypertens. 2002; 20: 429–437, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Ceriello A., Taboga C., Tonutti L., Quagliaro L., Piconi L., Bais B., Da Ros R., Motz E. Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short- and long-term simvastatin treatment. Circulation 2002; 106: 1211–1218, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Chamberlain L. H. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis causes insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FEBS Lett. 2001; 507: 357–361, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Chaput E., Maubrou-Sanchez D., Bellamy F. D., Edgar A. D. Fenofibrate protects lipoproteins from lipid peroxidation: synergistic interaction with α -tocopherol. Lipids 1999; 34: 497–502, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Chariot P., Abadia R., Agnus D., Danan C., Charpentier C., Gherardi R. K. Simvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis followed by a MELAS syndrome. Am. J. Med. 1993; 94: 109–110, [PUBMED], [CROSSREF]
  • Chen F. C., Hsu H. C., Lee Y. T. Short-term treatment with low-dose pravastatin attenuates oxidative susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic patients. Cardiovasc. Drug Ther. 1997a; 11: 787–793, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Chen H., Ikeda U., Shimpo M., Ikeda M., Minota S., Shimada K. Fluvastatin upregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2000; 36: 923–928, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Chen L., Haught W. H., Yang B., Saldeen T. G., Parathasarathy S., Mehta J. L. Preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin E, lovastatin and amlodipine. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997b; 30: 569–575, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Cherry N., Mackness M., Durrington P., Povey A., Dippnall M., Smith T., Mackness B. Paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms in farmers attributing ill health to sheep dip. Lancet 2002; 359: 763–764, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Cheung M. C., Zhao X. Q., Chait A., Albers J. J., Brown B. G. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 1320–1326, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Chong P. H., Seeger J. D., Franklin C. Clinically relevant differences between the statins: implications for therapeutic selection. Am. J. Med. 2001; 111: 390–400, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Christ M., Bauersachs J., Liebetrau C., Heck M., Gunther A., Wehling M. Glucose increases endothelial-dependent superoxide formation in coronary arteries by NAD(P)H oxidase activation: attenuation by the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin. Diabetes 2002; 51: 2648–2652, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Clarke R., Armitage J. Antioxidant vitamins and risk of cardiovascular disease. Review of large-scale randomised trials. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 2002; 16: 411–415, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Corsini A., Raiteri M., Soma M., Fumagalli R., Paoletti R. Simvastatin but not pravastatin inhibits the proliferation of rat aorta myocytes. Pharmacol. Res. 1991; 23: 173–180, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Crane F. L. Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2001; 20: 591–598, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Crisby M., Nordin-Fredriksson G., Shah P. K., Yano J., Zhu J., Nilsson J. Pravastatin treatment increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases, and cell death in human carotid plaques: implications for plaque stabilization. Circulation 2001; 103: 926–933, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Dallner G., Sindelar P. J. Regulation of ubiquinone metabolism. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2000; 29: 285–294, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Davi G., Alessandrini P., Mezzetti A., Minotti G., Bucciarelli T., Costantini F., Cipollone F., Bon G. B., Ciabattoni G., Patrono C. In vivo formation of 8-Epi-prostaglandin F2α is increased in hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1997; 17: 3230–3235, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Davidson M., McKenney J., Stein E., Schrott H., Bakker-Arkema R., Fayyad R., Black D. Comparison of one-year efficacy and safety of atorvastatin versus lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin Study Group I. Am. J. Cardiol. 1997; 79: 1475–1481, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Day A. P., Bellavia S., Jones O. T., Stansbie D. Effect of simvastatin therapy on cell membrane cholesterol content and membrane function as assessed by polymorphonuclear cell NADPH oxidase activity. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1997; 34: 269–275, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Deakin S., Leviev I., Gomaraschi M., Calabresi L., Franceschini G., James R. W. Enzymatically active paraoxonase-1 is located at the external membrane of producing cells and released by a high affinity, saturable, desorption mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 2002; 277: 4301–4308, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Deakin S., Leviev I., Guernier S., James R. W. Simvastatin modulates expression of the PON1 gene and increases serum paraoxonase: a role for sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 2083–2089, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • De Caterina R., Cipollone F., Filardo F. P., Zimarino M., Bernini W., Lazzerini G., Bucciarelli T., Falco A., Marchesani P., Muraro R., Mezzetti A., Ciabattoni G. Low-density lipoprotein level reduction by the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A inhibitor simvastatin is accompanied by a related reduction of F2-isoprostane formation in hypercholesterolemic subjects: no further effect of vitamin E. Circulation 2002; 106: 2543–2549, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Dechend R., Fiebeler A., Park J. K., Muller D. N., Theuer J., Mervaala E., Bieringer M., Gulba D., Dietz R., Luft F. C., Haller H. Amelioration of angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury by a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor. Circulation 2001a; 104: 576–581, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Dechend R., Fiebler A., Lindschau C., Bischoff H., Muller D., Park J. K., Dietz R., Haller H., Luft F. C. Modulating angiotensin II-induced inflammation by HMG Co-A reductase inhibition. Am. J. Hypertens. 2001b; 14: 55S–61S, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Delbosc S., Cristol J. P., Descomps B., Mimran A., Jover B. Simvastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced cardiac alteration and oxidative stress. Hypertension 2002a; 40: 142–147, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Delbosc S., Morena M., Djouad F., Ledoucen C., Descomps B., Cristol J. P. Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are able to reduce superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase in THP-1-derived monocytes. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2002b; 40: 611–617, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • De Pinieux G., Chariot P., Ammi-Said M., Louarn F., Lejonc J. L., Astier A., Jacotot B., Gherardi R. Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1996; 42: 333–337, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • de Rijke Y. B., Bredie S. J., Demacker P. N., Vogelaar J. M., Hak-Lemmers H. L., Stalenhoef A. F. The redox status of coenzyme Q10 in total LDL as an indicator of in vivo oxidative modification. Studies on subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1997; 17: 127–133, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Desideri G., Croce G., Tucci M., Passacquale G., Broccoletti S., Valeri L., Santucci A., Ferri C. Effects of bezafibrate and simvastatin on endothelial activation and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemia: evidence of different vascular protection by different lipid-lowering treatments. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003; 88: 5341–5347, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Diebold B. A., Bhagavan N. V., Guillory R. J. Influences of lovastatin administration on the respiratory burst of leukocytes and the phosphorylation potential of mitochondria in guinea pigs. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1994; 1200: 100–108, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Diep Q. N., Amiri F., Touyz R. M., Cohn J. S., Endemann D., Neves M. F., Schiffrin E. L. PPARα activator effects on Ang II-induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Hypertension 2002; 40: 866–871, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Dimmeler S., Aicher A., Vasa M., Mildner-Rihm C., Adler K., Tiemann M., Rutten H., Fichtlscherer S., Martin H., Zeiher A. M. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) increase endothelial progenitor cells via the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J. Clin. Invest. 2001; 108: 391–397, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Dimmeler S., Fleming I., Fisslthaler B., Hermann C., Busse R., Zeiher A. M. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 1999; 399: 601–605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Di Napoli P., Antonio Taccardi A., Grilli A., Spina R., Felaco M., Barsotti A., De Caterina R. Simvastatin reduces reperfusion injury by modulating nitric oxide synthase expression: an ex vivo study in isolated working rat hearts. Cardiovasc. Res. 2001; 51: 283–293, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Dobrucki L. W., Kalinowski L., Dobrucki I. T., Malinski T. Statin-stimulated nitric oxide release from endothelium. Med. Sci. Monit. 2001; 7: 622–627, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Downs J. R., Clearfield M., Weis S., Whitney E., Shapiro D. R., Beere P. A., Langendorfer A., Stein E. A., Kruyer W., Gotto A. M., Jr. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615–1622, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Draude G., Hrboticky N., Lorenz R. L. The expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) on human vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes and its down-regulation by lovastatin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1999; 57: 383–386, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Duerrschmidt N., Wippich N., Goettsch W., Broemme H. J., Morawietz H. Endothelin-1 induces NAD(P)H oxidase in human endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000; 269: 713–717, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Durrington P. N., Mackness B., Mackness M. I. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 473–480, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Eid H. M., Eritsland J., Larsen J., Arnesen H., Seljeflot I. Increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in populations at risk for atherosclerotic disease. Effects of pravastatin. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166: 279–284, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Endres M., Laufs U., Huang Z., Nakamura T., Huang P., Moskowitz M. A., Liao J. K. Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998; 95: 8880–8885, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Evans M., Anderson R. A., Graham J., Ellis G. R., Morris K., Davies S., Jackson S. K., Lewis M. J., Frenneaux M. P., Rees A. Ciprofibrate therapy improves endothelial function and reduces postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2000; 101: 1773–1779, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ferguson E., Parthasarathy S., Joseph J., Kalyanaraman B. Generation and initial characterization of a novel polyclonal antibody directed against homocysteine thiolactone-modified low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res. 1998; 39: 925–933, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Feron O., Dessy C., Desager J. P., Balligand J. L. Hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibition promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation through a decrease in caveolin abundance. Circulation 2001; 103: 113–118, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ferre N., Camps J., Cabre M., Paul A., Joven J. Hepatic paraoxonase activity alterations and free radical production in rats with experimental cirrhosis. Metabolism 2001; 50: 997–1000, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Ferre N., Camps J., Prats E., Vilella E., Paul A., Figuera L., Joven J. Serum paraoxonase activity: a new additional test for the improved evaluation of chronic liver damage. Clin. Chem. 2002; 48: 261–268, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ferretti G., Bacchetti T., Marotti E., Curatola G. Effect of homocysteinylation on human high-density lipoproteins: a correlation with paraoxonase activity. Metabolism 2003; 52: 146–151, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Finder J. D., Litz J. L., Blaskovich M. A., McGuire T. F., Qian Y., Hamilton A. D., Davies P., Sebti S. M. Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation causes a superinduction of nitric-oxide synthase-2 by interleukin-1β in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 13484–13488, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Fisslthaler B., Michaelis U. R., Randriamboavonjy V., Busse R., Fleming I. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and vascular tone: novel role for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the regulation of CYP 2C expression. Biochim. Biophys. Act. 2003; 1619: 332–339
  • Folkers K. Relevance of the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 and of the four bases of DNA as a rationale for the molecular causes of cancer and a therapy. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996; 224: 358–361, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Folkers K., Langsoen P., Willis R., Richardson P., Xia L. J., Ye C. Q., Tamagawa H. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 8931–8934, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Folkers K., Osterborg A., Nylander M., Morita M., Mellstedt H. Activities of vitamin Q10 in animal models and a serious deficiency in patients with cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997; 234: 296–299, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Fontaine D., Fontaine J., Dupont I., Dessy C., Piech A., Carpentier Y., Berkenboom G. Chronic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition and endothelial function of the normocholesterolemic rat: comparison with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2002; 40: 172–180, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Fontaine D., Otto A., Fontaine J., Berkenboom G. Prevention of nitrate tolerance by long-term treatment with statins. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 2003; 17: 123–128, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Franzoni F., Quinones-Galvan A., Regoli F., Ferrannini E., Galetta F. A comparative study of the in vitro antioxidant activity of statins. Int. J. Cardiol. 2003; 90: 317–321, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Fuhrman B., Koren L., Volkova N., Keidar S., Hayek T., Aviram M. Atorvastatin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients suppresses cellular uptake of oxidized-LDL by differentiating monocytes. Atherosclerosis 2002; 164: 179–185, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Fukui T., Noma T., Mizushige K., Aki Y., Kimura S., Abe Y. Dietary troglitazone decreases oxidative stress in early stage type II diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2000; 66: 2043–2049, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Gaist D., Jeppesen U., Andersen M., Garcia Rodriguez L. A., Hallas J., Sindrup S. H. Statins and risk of polyneuropathy: a case-control study. Neurology 2002; 58: 1333–1337, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Garg R., Kumbkarni Y., Aljada A., Mohanty P., Ghanim H., Hamouda W., Dandona P. Troglitazone reduces reactive oxygen species generation by leukocytes and lipid peroxidation and improves flow-mediated vasodilatation in obese subjects. Hypertension 2000; 36: 430–435, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Gervais M., Pons S., Nicoletti A., Cosson C., Giudicelli J. F., Richer C. Fluvastatin prevents renal dysfunction and vascular NO deficit in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 183–189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Ghirlanda G., Oradei A., Manto A., Lippa S., Uccioli L., Caputo S., Greco A. V., Littarru G. P. Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1993; 33: 226–229, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Girnun G. D., Domann F. E., Moore S. A., Robbins M. E. Identification of a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element in the rat catalase promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 2002; 16: 2793–2801, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Girona J., La Ville A. E., Sola R., Plana N., Masana L. Simvastatin decreases aldehyde production derived from lipoprotein oxidation. Am. J. Cardiol. 1999; 83: 846–851, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Giroux L. M., Davignon J., Naruszewicz M. Simvastatin inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by activated human monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1993; 1165: 335–338, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Glorioso N., Troffa C., Filigheddu F., Dettori F., Soro A., Parpaglia P. P., Collatina S., Pahor M. Effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and primary hypercholesterolemia. Hypertension. 1999; 34: 1281–1286, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Goalstone M. L., Wall K., Leitner J. W., Kurowski T., Ruderman N., Pan S. J., Ivy J. L., Moller D. E., Draznin B. Increased amounts of farnesylated p21Ras in tissues of hyperinsulinaemic animals. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 310–316, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Goli A. K., Goli S. A., Byrd R. P., Jr., Roy T. M. Simvastatin-induced lactic acidosis: a rare adverse reaction?. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002; 72: 461–464, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Gouedard C., Koum-Besson N., Barouki R., Morel Y. Opposite regulation of the human paraoxonase-1 gene PON-1 by fenofibrate and statins. Mol. Pharmacol. 2003; 63: 945–956, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Gregg D., Rauscher F. M., Goldschmidt-Clermont P. J. Rac regulates cardiovascular superoxide through diverse molecular interactions: more than a binary GTP switch. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 2003; 285: C723–C734, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Grip O., Janciauskiene S., Lindgren S. Atorvastatin activates PPAR-γ and attenuates the inflammatory response in human monocytes. Inflamm. Res. 2002; 51: 58–62, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Gueler F., Rong S., Park J. K., Fiebeler A., Menne J., Elger M., Mueller D. N., Hampich F., Dechend R., Kunter U., Luft F. C., Haller H. Postischemic acute renal failure is reduced by short-term statin treatment in a rat model. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13: 2288–2298, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Gueraud F., Alary J., Costet P., Debrauwer L., Dolo L., Pineau T., Paris A. In vivo involvement of cytochrome P450 4A family in the oxidative metabolism of the lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, using PPARα -deficient mice. J. Lipid Res. 1999; 40: 152–159, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Guerra R., Zhao B., Mooser V., Stafforini D., Johnston J. M., Cohen J. C. Determinants of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase: heritability and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. J. Lipid Res. 1997; 38: 2281–2288, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Gumieniczek A. Effect of the new thiazolidinedione-pioglitazone on the development of oxidative stress in liver and kidney of diabetic rabbits. Life Sci. 2003; 74: 553–562, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Harker-Murray A. K., Tajik A. J., Ishikura F., Meyer D., Burnett J. C., Redfield M. M. The role of coenzyme Q10 in the pathophysiology and therapy of experimental congestive heart failure in the dog. J. Card. Fail. 2000; 6: 233–242, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hattori Y., Nakanishi N., Akimoto K., Yoshida M., Kasai K. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor increases GTP cyclohydrolase I mRNA and tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 176–182, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Hattori Y., Nakanishi N., Kasai K. Statin enhances cytokine-mediated induction of nitric oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 2002; 54: 649–658, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hausding M., Witteck A., Rodriguez-Pascual F., von Eichel-Streiber C., Forstermann U., Kleinert H. Inhibition of small G proteins of the rho family by statins or Clostridium difficile toxin B enhances cytokine-mediated induction of NO synthase II. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 131: 553–561, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Heeschen C., Hamm C. W., Laufs U., Snapinn S., Bohm M., White H. D. Platelet receptor inhibition in ischemic syndrome management (PRISM) Investigators. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105: 1446–1452, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Hernandez-Perera O., Perez-Sala D., Navarro-Antolin J., Sanchez-Pascuala R., Hernandez G., Diaz C., Lamas S. Effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, on the expression of endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1998; 101: 2711–2719, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Hernandez-Perera O., Perez-Sala D., Soria E., Lamas S. Involvement of Rho GTPases in the transcriptional inhibition of preproendothelin-1 gene expression by simvastatin in vascular endothelial cells. Circ. Res. 2000; 87: 616–622, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Hoffman R., Brook G. J., Aviram M. Hypolipidemic drugs reduce lipoprotein susceptibility to undergo lipid peroxidation: in vitro and ex vivo studies. Atherosclerosis 1992; 93: 105–113, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Hofman-Bang C., Rehnqvist N., Swedberg K., Wiklund I., Astrom H. Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. The Q10 Study Group. J. Card. Fail. 1995; 1: 101–107, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Houten S. M., Frenkel J., Waterham H. R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in hereditary periodic fever syndromes and inflammation. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2003; 60: 1118–1134, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Hrboticky N., Draude G., Hapfelmeier G., Lorenz R., Weber P. C. Lovastatin decreases the receptor-mediated degradation of acetylated and oxidized LDLs in human blood monocytes during the early stage of differentiation into macrophages. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19: 1267–1275, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Huang K. C., Chen C. W., Chen J. C., Lin W. W. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in macrophages. J. Biomed. Sci. 2003; 10: 396–405, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Huang W. C., Chio C. C., Chi K. H., Wu H. M., Lin W. W. Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2, ciglitazone, and GW1929. Exp. Cell Res. 2002; 277: 192–200, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Human J. A., Ubbink J. B., Jerling J. J., Delport R., Vermaak W. J., Vorster H. H., Lagendijk J., Potgieter H. C. The effect of simvastatin on the plasma antioxidant concentrations in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Clin. Chim. Acta 1997; 263: 67–77, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hussein O., Schlezinger S., Rosenblat M., Keidar S., Aviram M. Reduced susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effect of the drug and its binding to the LDL. Atherosclerosis 1997; 128: 11–18, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Hussein O., Shneider J., Rosenblat M., Aviram M. Valsartan therapy has additive anti-oxidative effect to that of fluvastatin therapy against low-density lipoprotein oxidation: studies in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive patients. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2002; 40: 28–34, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Ichihara K., Satoh K. Disparity between angiographic regression and clinical event rates with hydrophobic statins. Lancet 2002; 359: 2195–2198, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Ichihara K., Satoh K., Abiko Y. Influences of pravastatin and simvastatin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, on myocardial stunning in dogs. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22: 852–856, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ichiki T., Takeda K., Tokunou T., Iino N., Egashira K., Shimokawa H., Hirano K., Kanaide H., Takeshita A. Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 1896–1901, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ikeda U., Shimpo M., Ikeda M., Minota S., Shimada K. Lipophilic statins augment inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated cardiac myocytes. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2001; 38: 69–77, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Imaeda A., Aoki T., Kondo Y., Hori M., Ogata M., Obayashi H., Hasegawa G., Nakamura N., Tokuda K., Nishino H., Yoshikawa T., Kondo M. Protective effects of fluvastatin against reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage and mutagenesis. Free Radic. Res. 2001a; 34: 33–44, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Imaeda A., Kaneko T., Aoki T., Kondo Y., Nakamura N., Nagase H., Yoshikawa T. Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against DNA damage in streptozotocin-treated mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002; 40: 1415–1422, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Imaeda A., Tanigawa T., Aoki T., Kondo Y., Nakamura N., Yoshikawa T. Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cultured cells. Free Radic. Res. 2001b; 35: 789–801, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Inoue I., Goto S., Matsunaga T., Nakajima T., Awata T., Hokari S., Komoda T., Katayama S. The ligands/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ increase Cu2 +, Zn2 +-superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells. Metabolism 2001; 50: 3–11, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Inoue I., Goto S., Mizotani K., Awata T., Mastunaga T., Kawai S., Nakajima T., Hokari S., Komoda T., Katayama S. Lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has an anti-inflammatory effect: reduction of mRNA levels for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and p22phox by regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in primary endothelial cells. Life Sci. 2000; 67: 863–876, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Inoue I., Itoh F., Aoyagi S., Tazawa S., Kusama H., Akahane M., Mastunaga T., Hayashi K., Awata T., Komoda T., Katayama S. Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARα /RXRα and decrease the transactivation of NFκ B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002; 290: 131–139, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Inoue I., Noji S., Awata T., Takahashi K., Nakajima T., Sonoda M., Komoda T., Katayama S. Bezafibrate has an antioxidant effect: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is associated with Cu2 +, Zn2 +-superoxide dismutase in the liver. Life Sci. 1998; 63: 135–144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Inoue I., Noji S., Shen M. Z., Takahashi K., Katayama S. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates the plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) level. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997; 237: 606–610, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Itoh S., Umemoto S., Hiromoto M., Toma Y., Tomochika Y., Aoyagi S., Tanaka M., Fujii T., Matsuzaki M. Importance of NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and contractile type smooth muscle myosin heavy chain SM2 at the early stage of atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 2288–2295, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Jackson P. R., Wallis E. J., Haq I. U., Ramsay L. E. Statins for primary prevention: at what coronary risk is safety assured?. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001; 52: 439–446, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Jakubowski H. Protein homocysteinylation: possible mechanism underlying pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels. FASEB J. 1999; 13: 2277–2283, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jakubowski H. Calcium-dependent human serum homocysteine thiolactone hydrolase. A protective mechanism against protein N-homocysteinylation. J. Biol. Chem. 2000; 275: 3957–3962, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Jakubowski H. Protein N-homocysteinylation: implications for atherosclerosis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2001; 55: 443–447, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Jankowski P., Kawecka-Jaszcz K. Lipid-lowering drugs and homocysteine. A comparison between statins and other lipid-lowering drugs. Atherosclerosis 2004; 172: 191–194, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Jarvik G. P., Rozek L. S., Brophy V. H., Hatsukami T. S., Richter R. J., Schellenberg G. D., Furlong C. E. Paraoxonase (PON1) phenotype is a better predictor of vascular disease than is PON1(192) or PON1(55) genotype. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 2441–2447, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Jay M. T., Chirico S., Siow R. C., Bruckdorfer K. R., Jacobs M., Leake D. S., Pearson J. D., Mann G. E. Modulation of vascular tone by low density lipoproteins: effects on L-arginine transport and nitric oxide synthesis. Exp. Physiol. 1997; 82: 349–360, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jiang J., Roman R. J. Lovastatin prevents development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1997; 30: 968–974, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jiao H. L., Zhao B. L. Cytotoxic effect of peroxisome proliferator fenofibrate on human HepG2 hepatoma cell line and relevant mechanisms. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002; 185: 172–179, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jick H., Zornberg G. L., Jick S. S., Seshadri S., Drachman D. A. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 2000; 356: 1627–1631, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Jones S. P., Trocha S. D., Lefer D. J. Pretreatment with simvastatin attenuates myocardial dysfunction after ischemia and chronic reperfusion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 2059–2064, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Jula A., Marniemi J., Huupponen R., Virtanen A., Rastas M., Ronnemaa T. Effects of diet and simvastatin on serum lipids, insulin, and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemic men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 598–605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kaesemeyer W. H., Caldwell R. B., Huang J., Caldwell R. W. Pravastatin sodium activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase independent of its cholesterol-lowering actions. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1999; 33: 234–241, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kagota S., Yamaguchi Y., Nakamura K., Kunitomo M. Functional evidence for antioxidant action of fluvastatin on low-density lipoprotein using isolated macrophages and aorta. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2000; 27: 401–405, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kaikkonen J., Nyyssonen K., Tuomainen T. P., Ristonmaa U., Salonen J. T. Determinants of plasma coenzyme Q10 in humans. FEBS Lett. 1999; 443: 163–166, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kalinowski L., Dobrucki L. W., Brovkovych V., Malinski T. Increased nitric oxide bioavailability in endothelial cells contributes to the pleiotropic effect of cerivastatin. Circulation 2002a; 105: 933–938, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kalinowski L., Dobrucki I. T., Malinski T. Cerivastatin potentiates nitric oxide release and eNOS expression through inhibition of isoprenoids synthesis. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2002b; 53: 585–595, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kanda M., Satoh K., Ichihara K. Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats mildly induced by streptozotocin. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003; 26: 1681–1684, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kandoussi A., Martin F., Hazzan M., Noel C., Fruchart J. C., Staels B., Duriez P. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and PPAR-α activation both inhibit cyclosporin A induced endothelin-1 secretion in cultured endothelial cells. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 2002; 103(Suppl 48)81S–83S
  • Kaneider N. C., Egger P., Dunzendorfer S., Wiedermann C. J. Rho-GTPase-dependent platelet-neutrophil interaction affected by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition with altered adenosine nucleotide release and function. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002; 22: 1029–1035, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kanno T., Abe K., Yabuki M., Akiyama J., Yasuda T., Horton A. A. Selective inhibition of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF)-dependent superoxide generation in neutrophils by pravastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1999; 58: 1975–1980, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kano H., Hayashi T., Sumi D., Esaki T., Asai Y., Thakur N. K., Jayachandran M., Iguchi A. A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor improved regression of atherosclerosis in the rabbit aorta without affecting serum lipid levels: possible relevance of up-regulation of endothelial NO synthase mRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999; 259: 414–419, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kashiwagi A., Shinozaki K., Nishio Y., Maegawa H., Maeno Y., Kanazawa A., Kojima H., Haneda M., Hidaka H., Yasuda H., Kikkawa R. Endothelium-specific activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in aortas of exogenously hyperinsulinemic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1999a; 277: E976–E983, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kashiwagi A., Shinozaki K., Nishio Y., Okamura T., Toda N., Kikkawa R. Free radical production in endothelial cells as a pathogenetic factor for vascular dysfunction in the insulin resistance state. Diabetes. Res. Clin. Pract. 1999b; 45: 199–203, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Keidar S., Aviram M., Maor I., Oiknine J., Brook J. G. Pravastatin inhibits cellular cholesterol synthesis and increases low density lipoprotein receptor activity in macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1994; 38: 513–519, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Keidar S., Kaplan M., Hoffman A., Aviram M. Angiotensin II stimulates macrophage-mediated oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1995; 115: 201–215, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kishi T., Hirooka Y., Mukai Y., Shimokawa H., Takeshita A. Atorvastatin causes depressor and sympatho-inhibitory effects with upregulation of nitric oxide synthases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 379–386, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kobayashi T., Matsumoto T., Kamata K. Mechanisms underlying the chronic pravastatin treatment-induced improvement in the impaired endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation seen in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 131: 231–238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kolyada A. Y., Fedtsov A., Madias N. E. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors upregulate inducible NO synthase expression and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1024–1029, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kondo M., Oya-Ito T., Kumagai T., Osawa T., Uchida K. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of intracellular oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 12076–12083, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kothe H., Dalhoff K., Rupp J., Muller A., Kreuzer J., Maass M., Katus H. A. Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors modify the inflammatory response of human macrophages and endothelial cells infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae. Circulation 2000; 101: 1760–1763, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Krum H., McMurray J. J. Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial?. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002.; 39: 1567–1573, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kudolo G. B., Bressler P., DeFronzo R. A. Plasma PAF acetylhydrolase in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity: effect of hyperinsulinemia and lovastatin treatment. J. Lipid. Mediat. Cell Signal. 1997; 17: 97–113, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kugi M., Matsunaga A., Ono J., Arakowa K., Sasaki J. Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin on superoxide anion activated by angiotensin II in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc. Drug. Ther. 2002; 16: 203–207, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kureishi Y., Luo Z., Shiojima I., Bialik A., Fulton D., Lefer D. J., Sessa W. C., Walsh K. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nat. Med. 2000; 6: 1004–1010, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kurusu A., Shou I., Nakamura S., Fukui M., Shirato I., Tomino Y. Effects of the new hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor fluvastatin on anti-oxidant enzyme activities and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2000; 27: 767–770, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Laaksonen R., Jokelainen K., Laakso J., Sahi T., Harkonen M., Tikkanen M. J., Himberg J. J. The effect of simvastatin treatment on natural antioxidants in low-density lipoproteins and high-energy phosphates and ubiquinone in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Cardiol. 1996; 77: 851–854, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Laaksonen R., Jokelainen K., Sahi T., Tikkanen M. J., Himberg J. J. Decreases in serum ubiquinone concentrations do not result in reduced levels in muscle tissue during short-term simvastatin treatment in humans. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 57: 62–66, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Langsjoen P. H., Langsjoen A. M. The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications. Biofactors 2003; 18: 101–111, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Lankin V. Z., Tikhaze A. K., Konovalova G. G., Tutunov V. S., Medvedeva N. V., Kotkina T. I., Kukharchuk V. V., Belenkov Y. N. Intensification of free radical oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of patients with ischemic heart disease receiving beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor cerivastatin and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein peroxidation with antioxidant probucol. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2002; 134: 39–42, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lankin V. Z., Tikhaze A. K., Kukharchuk V. V., Konovalova G. G., Pisarenko O. I., Kaminnyi A. I., Shumaev K. B., Belenkov Y. N. Antioxidants decreases the intensification of low density lipoprotein in vivo peroxidation during therapy with statins. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2003; 249: 129–140, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Laufs U., Endres M., Custodis F., Gertz K., Nickenig G., Liao J. K., Bohm M. Suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production after withdrawal of statin treatment is mediated by negative feedback regulation of rho GTPase gene transcription. Circulation 2000; 102: 3104–3110, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Laufs U., La Fata V., Plutzky J., Liao J. K. Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 1998; 97: 1129–1135, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Laufs U., Liao J. K. Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPase. J. Biol. Chem. 1998; 273: 24266–24271, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Laufs U., Wassmann S., Hilgers S., Ribaudo N., Bohm M., Nickenig G. Rapid effects on vascular function after initiation and withdrawal of atorvastatin in healthy, normocholesterolemic men. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 88: 1306–1307, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lee T. M., Chou T. F., Tsai C. H. Association of pravastatin and left ventricular mass in hypercholesterolemic patients: role of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α formation. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2002; 40: 868–874, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lefer A. M., Campbell B., Shin Y. K., Scalia R., Hayward R., Lefer D. J. Simvastatin preserves the ischemic-reperfused myocardium in normocholesterolemic rat hearts. Circulation 1999; 100: 178–184, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Legendre C., Causse E., Chaput E., Salvayre R., Pineau T., Edgar A. D. Fenofibrate induces a selective increase of protein-bound homocysteine in rodents: a PPARα -mediated effect. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002; 295: 1052–1056, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lennon A. M., Ramauge M., Dessouroux A., Pierre M. MAP kinase cascades are activated in astrocytes and preadipocytes by 15-deoxy Δ12 − 14-prostaglandin J2 and the thiazolidinedione ciglitazone through peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma-independent mechanisms involving reactive oxygenated species. J. Biol. Chem. 2002; 277: 29681–29685, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Leonhardt W., Kurktschiev T., Meissner D., Lattke P., Abletshauser C., Weidinger G., Jaross W., Hanefeld M. Effects of fluvastatin therapy on lipids, antioxidants, oxidation of low density lipoproteins and trace metals. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1997; 53: 65–69, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lewis S. J., Sacks F. M., Mitchell J. S., East C., Glasser S., Kell S., Letterer R., Limacher M., Moye L. A., Rouleau J. L., Pfeffer M. A., Braunwald E. Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in women after myocardial infarction: the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 32: 140–146, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Levy B. D., Petasis N. A., Serhan C. N. Polyisoprenyl phosphates in intracellular signalling. Nature 1997; 389: 985–990, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Li D., Chen H., Romeo F., Sawamura T., Saldeen, T., Mehta J. L. Statins modulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-mediated adhesion molecule expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells: role of LOX-1. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002; 302: 601–605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Li D. Y., Chen H. J., Mehta J. L. Statins inhibit oxidized-LDL-mediated LOX-1 expression, uptake of oxidized-LDL and reduction in PKB phosphorylation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2001; 52: 130–135, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Li L., Fink G. D., Watts S. W., Northcott C. A., Galligan J. J., Pagano P. J., Chen A. F. Endothelin-1 increases vascular superoxide via endothelin(A)-NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin hypertension. Circulation 2003; 107: 1053–1058, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Liao J. K. Beyond lipid lowering: the role of statins in vascular protection. Int. J. Cardiol. 2002; 86: 5–18, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lo Y. L., Leoh T. H., Loh L. M., Tan C. E. Statin therapy and small fibre neuropathy: a serial electrophysiological study. J. Neurol. Sci. 2003; 208: 105–108, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Loop R. A., Anthony M., Willis R. A., Folkers K. Effects of ethanol, lovastatin and coenzyme Q10 treatment on antioxidants and TBA reactive material in liver of rats. Mol. Aspects Med. 1994; 15(Suppl)S195–S206, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Lu T. T., Repa J. J., Mangelsdorf D. J. Orphan nuclear receptors as eLiXiRs and FiXeRs of sterol metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 37735–37738, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Luft U. C., Bychkov R., Gollasch M., Gross V., Roullet J. B., McCarron D. A., Ried C., Hofmann F., Yagil Y., Yagil C., Haller H., Luft F. C. Farnesol blocks the L-type Ca2 + channel by targeting the α 1C subunit. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19: 959–966, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Luftjohann D., Sigit J. I., Locatelli S., von Bergmann K., Schmidt H. H. High-dose simvastin (80 mg/day) decreases plasma concentrations of total homocyst(e)ine in patients with hypercholesteromia. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155: 265–266, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Maack C., Kartes T., Kilter H., Schafers H. J., Nickenig G., Bohm M., Laufs U. Oxygen free radical release in human failing myocardium is associated with increased activity of rac1-GTPase and represents a target for statin treatment. Circulation 2003; 108: 1567–1574, [CROSSREF]
  • Mackness B., Davies G. K., Turkie W., Lee E., Roberts D. H., Hill E., Roberts C., Durrington P. N., Mackness M. I. Paraoxonase status in coronary heart disease: are activity and concentration more important than genotype?. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 1451–1457, [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Mackness B., Hunt R., Durrington P. N., Mackness M. I. Increased immunolocalization of paraoxonase, clusterin, and apolipoprotein A-I in the human artery wall with the progression of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1997; 17: 1233–1238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mackness M. I., Harty D., Bhatnagar D., Winocour P. H., Arrol S., Ishola M., Durrington P. N. Serum paraoxonase activity in familial hypercholesterolaemia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 1991; 86: 193–199, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Mackness M. I., Mackness B., Durrington P. N. Paraoxonase and coronary heart disease. Atheroscler 2002, Suppl. 3: 49–55, [CROSSREF]
  • Maggio D., Barabani M., Pierandrei M., Polidori M. C., Catani M., Mecocci P., Senin U., Pacifici R., Cherubini A. Marked decrease in plasma antioxidants in aged osteoporotic women: results of a cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003; 88: 1523–1527, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Martin G., Duez H., Blanquart C., Berezowski V., Poulain P., Fruchart J. C., Najib-Fruchart J., Glineur C., Staels B. Statin-induced inhibition of the Rho-signaling pathway activates PPARα and induces HDL apoA-I. J. Clin. Invest. 2001; 107: 1423–1432, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Martinez-Castelao A., Grinyo J. M., Fiol C., Castineiras M. J., Hurtado I., Gil-Vernet S., Seron D., Porta I., Minarro A., Villarroya A., Alsina J. Fluvastatin and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in hypercholesterolemic renal transplant patients. Kidney Int. 1999; 54(Suppl. 71)S231–S234, [CROSSREF]
  • Martinez-Gonzalez J., Vinals M., Vidal F., Llorente-Cortes V., Badimon L. Mevalonate deprivation impairs IGF-I/insulin signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 1997; 135: 213–223, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Marz W., Siekmeier R., Muller H. M., Wieland H., Gross W., Olbrich H. G. Effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on the survival of hamsters with inherited cardiomyopathy. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000; 5: 275–279, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • McCarty M. F. Coenzyme Q versus hypertension: does CoQ decrease endothelial superoxide generation?. Med. Hypotheses 1999; 53: 300–304, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • McCarty M. F. Insulin's stimulation of endothelial superoxide generation may reflect up-regulation of isoprenyl transferase activity that promotes rac translocation. Med. Hypotheses 2002; 58: 472–475, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • McGuire T. F., Xu X. Q., Corey S. J., Romero G. G., Sebti S. M. Lovastatin disrupts early events in insulin signaling: a potential mechanism of lovastatin's anti-mitogenic activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994; 204: 399–406, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Mehta J. L., Li D. Y., Chen H. J., Joseph J., Romeo F. Inhibition of LOX-1 by statins may relate to upregulation of eNOS. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001; 289: 857–861, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Melenovsky V., Malik J., Wichterle D., Simek J., Pisarikova A., Skrha J., Poledne R., Stavek P., Ceska R. Comparison of the effects of atorvastatin or fenofibrate on nonlipid biochemical risk factors and the LDL particle size in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia. Am. Heart. J. 2002; 144: E6, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Miltiadous G., Papakostas J., Chasiotis G., Seferiadis K., Elisaf M. Statins and homocysteine. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166: 199–200, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Ming X. F., Viswambharan H., Barandier C., Ruffieux J., Kaibuchi K., Rusconi S., Yang Z. Rho GTPase/Rho kinase negatively regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation through the inhibition of protein kinase B/Akt in human endothelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002; 22: 8467–8477, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Mital S., Zhang X., Zhao G., Bernstein R. D., Smith C. J., Fulton D. L., Sessa W. C., Liao J. K., Hintze T. H. Simvastatin upregulates coronary vascular endothelial nitric oxide production in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2000; 279: H2649–H2657, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mitani H., Bandoh T., Ishikawa J., Kimura M., Totsuka T., Hayashi S. Inhibitory effects of fluvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on the increase in vascular ACE activity in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1996; 119: 1269–1275, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mitani H., Egashira K., Ohashi N., Yoshikawa M., Niwa S., Nonomura K., Nakashima A., Kimura M. Preservation of endothelial function by the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin through its lipid-lowering independent antioxidant properties in atherosclerotic rabbits. Pharmacology 2003; 68: 121–130, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Mitani H., Kimura M. Preservation of endothelium-dependent and Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester- and indomethacin-resistant arterial relaxation in high-cholesterol-diet fed rabbits by treatment with fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 42: 55–62, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Montero M. T., Hernandez O., Suarez Y., Matilla J., Ferruelo A. J., Martinez-Botas J., Gomez-Coronado, D., Lasuncion M. A. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibition stimulates caspase-1 activity and Th1-cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Atherosclerosis 2000; 153: 303–313, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Moriyama T., Kawada N., Nagatoya K., Takeji M., Horio M., Ando A., Imai E., Hori M. Fluvastatin suppresses oxidative stress and fibrosis in the interstitium of mouse kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int. 2001; 59: 2095–3103, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Mortensen S. A. Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 36: 304–305, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Mortensen S. A., Leth A., Agner E., Rohde M. Dose-related decrease of serum coenzyme Q10 during treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Mol. Aspects Med. 1997; 18(Suppl)S137–S144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Mukai Y., Shimokawa H., Matoba T., Hiroki J., Kunihiro I., Fujiki T., Takeshita A. Acute vasodilator effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: involvement of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway and Kv channels. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 42: 118–124, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Muniyappa R., Xu R., Ram J. L., Sowers J. R. Inhibition of Rho protein stimulates iNOS expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2000; 278: H1762–H1768, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Muramatsu J., Kobayashi A., Hasegawa N., Yokouchi S. Hemodynamic changes associated with reduction in total cholesterol by treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Atherosclerosis 1997; 130: 179–182, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Najib S., Sanchez-Margalet V. Homocysteine thiolactone inhibits insulin signaling, and glutathione has a protective effect. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2001; 27: 85–91, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Nakahara K., Kuriyama M., Sonoda Y., Yoshidome H., Nakagawa H., Fujiyama J., Higuchi I., Osame M. Myopathy induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in rabbits: a pathological, electrophysiological, and biochemical study. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1998; 152: 99–106, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Nakamura T., Nishi H., Kokusenya Y., Hirota K., Miura Y. Mechanism of antioxidative activity of fluvastatin-determination of the active position. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2000; 48: 235–237, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Nakamura T., Ushiyama C., Hirokawa K., Osada S., Shimada N., Koide H. Effect of cerivastatin on urinary albumin excretion and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria and dyslipidemia. Am. J. Nephrol. 2001; 21: 449–454, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Nakashima A., Ohtawa M., Iwasaki K., Wada M., Kuroda N., Nakashima K. Inhibitory effects of fluvastain and its metabolites on the formation of several reactive oxygen species. Life Sci. 2001; 69: 1381–1389, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Navab M., Hama-Levy S., Van Lenten B. J., Fonarow G. C., Cardinez C. J., Castellani L. W., Brennan M. L., Lusis A. J., Fogelman A. M., La Du B. N. Mildly oxidized LDL induces an increased apolipoprotein J/paraoxonase ratio. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99: 2005–2019, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ni W., Egashira K., Kataoka C., Kitamoto S., Koyanagi M., Inoue S., Takeshita A. Antiinflammatory and antiarteriosclerotic actions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in a rat model of chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Circ. Res. 2001; 89: 415–421, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Nickenig G., Baumer A. T., Temur Y., Kebben D., Jockenhovel F., Bohm M. Statin-sensitive dysregulated AT1 receptor function and density in hypercholesterolemic men. Circulation 1999; 100: 2131–2134, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Norata G. D., Pirillo A., Catapano A. L. Statins and oxidative stress during atherogenesis. J. Cardiovasc. Risk. 2003; 10: 181–189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Noto H., Hashimoto Y., Satoh H., Hara M., Iso-o N., Togo M., Kimura S., Tsukamoto K. Exclusive association of paraoxonase 1 with high-density lipoprotein particles in apolipoprotein A-I deficiency. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001; 289: 395–401, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Obata T., Ebihara A., Yamanaka Y. Fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, resists hydroxyl radical generation in the rat myocardium. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2000; 52: 425–430, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Obata T., Yamanaka Y. Protective effect of fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on MPP(+)-induced hydroxyl radical in the rat striatum. Brain Res. 2000; 860: 166–169, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • O'Donnell M. P., Kasiske B. L., Katz S. A., Schmitz P. G., Keane W. F. Lovastatin but not enalapril reduces glomerular injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 1992; 20: 651–658, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ohrvall M., Lithell H., Johansson J., Vessby B. A comparison between the effects of gemfibrozil and simvastatin on insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoproteinemia. Metabolism 1995; 44: 212–217, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Oranje W. A., Sels J. P., Rondas-Colbers G. J., Lemmens P. J., Wolffenbuttel B. H. Effect of atorvastatin on LDL oxidation and antioxidants in normocholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. Clin. Chim. Acta 2001; 311: 91–94, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pahan K., Sheikh F. G., Namboodiri A. M., Singh I. Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 100: 2671–2679, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Paiva H., Laakso J., Lehtimaki T., Isomustajarvi M., Ruokonen I., Laaksonen R. Effect of high-dose statin treatment on plasma concentrations of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 41: 219–222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Paiva H., Laakso J., Lehtimaki T., Laaksonen R. Agressive lipid-lowering with statins and skeletal muscle ubiquinone: a randomised, controlled trial:. Atherosclerosis 2002, Suppl 3: 147–148
  • Palinski W., Napoli C. Unraveling pleiotropic effects of statins on plaque rupture. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002; 22: 1745–1750, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Palomaki A., Malminiemi K., Malminiemi O., Solakivi T. Effects of lovastatin therapy on susceptibility of LDL to oxidation during α -tocopherol supplementation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19: 1541–1548, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Palomaki A., Malminiemi K., Metsa-Ketela T. Enhanced oxidizability of ubiquinol and alpha-tocopherol during lovastatin treatment. FEBS Lett. 1997; 410: 254–258, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Palomaki A., Malminiemi K., Solakivi T., Malminiemi O. Ubiquinone supplementation during lovastatin treatment: effect on LDL oxidation ex vivo. J. Lipid Res. 1998; 39: 1430–1437, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Park J. K., Muller D. N., Mervaala E. M., Dechend R., Fiebeler A., Schmidt F., Bieringer M., Schafer O., Lindschau C., Schneider W., Ganten D., Luft F. C., Haller H. Cerivastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced renal injury independent of blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering effects. Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 1420–1430, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Parker R. A., Huang Q., Tesfamariam B. Influence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the formation of oxidants in the vasculature. Atherosclerosis 2003; 169: 19–29, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Pasternak R. C., Smith S. C., Jr, Bairey-Merz C. N., Grundy S. M., Cleeman J. I., Lenfant C. American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 40: 567–572, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Patel R. P., Levonen A., Crawford J. H., Darley-Usmar V. M. Mechanisms of the pro- and anti-oxidant actions of nitric oxide in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Res. 2000; 47: 465–474, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pereira E. C., Bertolami M. C., Faludi A. A., Salem M., Bersch D., Abdalla D. S. Effects of simvastatin and L-arginine on vasodilation, nitric oxide metabolites and endogenous NOS inhibitors in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Free Radic. Res. 2003; 37: 529–536, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Perez-Guerrero C., Alvarez de Sotomayor M., Jimenez L., Herrera M. D., Marhuenda E. Effects of simvastatin on endothelial function after chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 42: 204–210, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pietsch A., Erl W., Lorenz R. L. Lovastatin reduces expression of the combined adhesion and scavenger receptor CD36 in human monocytic cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1996; 52: 433–439, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pizzi C., Manfrini O., Fontana F., Bugiardini R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in cardiac syndrome X: role of superoxide dismutase activity. Circulation 2004; 109: 53–58, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Portakal O., Ozkaya O., Erden Inal M., Bozan B., Kosan M., Sayek I. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations and antioxidant status in tissues of breast cancer patients. Clin. Biochem. 2000; 33: 279–284, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Poynter M. E., Daynes R. A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-kappaB signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging. J. Biol. Chem. 1998; 273: 32833–32841, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Pritchard K. A., Jr., Groszek L., Smalley D. M., Sessa W. C., Wu M., Villalon P., Wolin M. S., Stemerman M. B. Native low-density lipoprotein increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase generation of superoxide anion. Circ. Res. 1995; 77: 510–518, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Puccetti L., Pasqui A. L., Pastorelli M., Bova G., Cercignani M., Palazzuoli A., Angori P., Auteri A., Bruni F. Time-dependent effect of statins on platelet function in hypercholesterolaemia. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2002; 32: 901–908, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Puccetti L., Pasqui A. L., Pastorelli M., Bova G., Di Renzo M., Leo A., Cercignani M., Palazzuoli A., Auteri A., Bruni F. Platelet hyperactivity after statin treatment discontinuation. Thromb. Haemost. 2003; 90: 476–482, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ray D. E., Richards P. G. The potential for toxic effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to organophosphates. Toxicol Lett. 2001; 120: 343–351, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Ridker P. M., Shih J., Cook T. J., Clearfield M., Downs J. R., Pradhan A. D., Weis S. E., Gotto A. M., Jr. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) Investigators. Plasma homocysteine concentration, statin therapy, and the risk of first acute coronary events. Circulation 2002; 105: 1776–1779, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Rikitake Y., Kawashima S., Takeshita S., Yamashita T., Azumi H., Yasuhara M., Nishi H., Inoue N., Yokoyama M. Anti-oxidative properties of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, contribute to prevention of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2001; 154: 87–96, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Rodrigo L., Hernandez A. F., Lopez-Caballero J. J., Gil F., Pla A. Immunohistochemical evidence for the expression and induction of paraoxonase in rat liver, kidney, lung and brain tissue. Implications for its physiological role. Chem. Biol. Int. 2001; 137: 123–137, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Roglans N., Sanguino E., Peris C., Alegret M., Vazquez M., Adzet T., Diaz C., Hernandez G., Laguna J. C., Sanchez R. M. Atorvastatin treatment induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression and decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids and liver triglyceride in fructose-fed rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002; 302: 232–239, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Rosen G. M., Pou S., Ramos C. L., Cohen M. S., Britigan B. E. Free radicals and phagocytic cells. FASEB J. 1995; 9: 200–209, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Roullet J. B., Le Quan Sang K. H., Luft U., Watanabe M., Otsuka K., McCarron D. A., Devynck M. A. Inhibition of Ca2 + uptake into A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells by farnesol: lack of effect on membrane fluidity and Ca2 +-ATPase activities. J. Hypertens. 1997a; 15: 1723–1728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Roullet J. B., Luft U. C., Xue H., Chapman J., Bychkov R., Roullet C. M., Luft F. C., Haller H., McCarron D. A. Farnesol inhibits L-type Ca2 + channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1997b; 272: 32240–32246, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Roullet J. B., Xue H., Chapman J., McDougal P., Roullet C. M., McCarron D. A. Farnesyl analogues inhibit vasoconstriction in animal and human arteries. J. Clin. Invest. 1996; 97: 2384–2390, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Roullet J. B., Xue H., Pappu A. S., Roullet C., Holcomb S., McCarron D. A. Mevalonate availability and cardiovascular functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90: 11728–11732, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Roullet J. B., Xue H., Roullet C. M., Fletcher W. S., Cipolla M. J., Harker C. T., McCarron D. A. Mevalonate availability affects human and rat resistance vessel function. J. Clin. Invest. 1995; 96: 239–244, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Rousseau G., Desrosiers C., Varin F. A comparison of the effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on ubiquinone tissue levels in rats. Curr. Ther. Res. 1998; 59: 666–679, [CROSSREF]
  • Rousseau G., Véronneau M., DesRosiers C., Varin F. Effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on ubiquinone and 4-hydroxynonenal tissue levels in the hypercholesterolemic hamster. Curr. Ther. Res. 1999; 60: 87–104, [CROSSREF]
  • Rueckschloss U., Galle J., Holtz J., Zerkowski H. R., Morawietz H. Induction of NAD(P)H oxidase by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human endothelial cells: antioxidative potential of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy. Circulation 2001; 104: 1767–1772, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Sacher H. L., Sacher M. L., Landau S. W., Kersten R., Dooley F., Sacher A., Sacher M., Dietrick K., Ichkhan K. The clinical and hemodynamic effects of coenzyme Q10 in congestive cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Ther. 1997; 4: 66–72, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sacks F. M., Pfeffer M. A., Moye L. A., Rouleau J. L., Rutherford J. D., Cole T. G., Brown L., Warnica J. W., Arnold J. M., Wun C. C., Davis B. R., Braunwald E. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 335: 1001–1009, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sadeghi M. M., Collinge M., Pardi R., Bender J. R. Simvastatin modulates cytokine-mediated endothelial cell adhesion molecule induction: involvement of an inhibitory G protein. J. Immunol. 2000; 165: 2712–2718, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Sanchez-Quesada J. L., Otal-Entraigas C., Franco M., Jorba O., Gonzalez-Sastre F., Blanco-Vaca F., Ordonez-Llanos J. Effect of simvastatin treatment on the electronegative low-density lipoprotein present in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 1999; 84: 655–659, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sanguigni V., Pignatelli P., Caccese D., Pulcinelli F. M., Lenti L., Magnaterra R., Martini F., Lauro R., Violi F. Increased superoxide anion production by platelets in hypercholesterolemic patients. Thromb. Haemost. 2002; 87: 796–801, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sasaki S., Kuwahara N., Kunitomo K., Harada S., Yamada T., Azuma A., Takeda K., Nakagawa M. Effects of atorvastatin on oxidized low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein subfraction distribution, and remnant lipoprotein in patients with mixed hyperlipoproteinemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 2002; 89: 386–389, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Satoh K., Ichihara K. Effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration in ischemic rat hearts. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1995; 292: 271–275, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Satoh K., Ichihara K. Lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors increase myocardial stunning in dogs. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2000; 35: 256–262, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Satoh K., Shirota F., Tsunajima T., Beinlich C. J., Morgan H. E., Ichihara K. Limitation of heart growth in neonatal piglets by simvastatin and atorvastatin: comparison with pravastatin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2001; 280: H2746–H2751, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Satoh K., Yamato A., Nakai T., Hoshi K., Ichihara K. Effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration in ischaemic dog hearts. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1995; 116: 1894–1898, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sawamura M., Nara Y., Yamori Y. Liver mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase is responsible for reduced serum cholesterol in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 6051–6055, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Scatena R., Nocca G., De Sole P., Fresu R., Zuppi C., Giardina B. The priming effect of gemfibrozil on reactive oxygen metabolism of phagocytic leucocytes. An intriguing side effect. Clin. Chim. Acta 1997; 266: 173–183, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Schaefer W. H., Lawrence J. W., Loughlin A. F., Stoffregen D. A., Mixson L. A., Dean D. C., Raab C. E., Yu N. X., Lankas G. R., Frederick C. B. Evaluation of ubiquinone concentration and mitochondrial function relative to cerivastatin-induced skeletal myopathy in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 194: 10–23, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Shepherd J., Blauw G. J., Murphy M. B., Bollen E. L., Buckley B. M., Cobbe S. M., Ford I., Gaw A., Hyland M., Jukema J. W., Kamper A. M., Macfarlane P. W., Meinders A. E., Norrie J., Packard C. J., Perry I. J., Stott D. J., Sweeney B. J., Twomey C., Westendorp R. G. PROSPER study group. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–1630, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Shepherd J., Cobbe S. M., Ford I., Isles C. G., Lorimer A. R., MacFarlane P. W., McKillop J. H., Packard C. J. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 333: 1301–1307, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Shishehbor M. H., Aviles R. J., Brennan M. L., Fu X., Goormastic M., Pearce G. L., Gokce N., Keaney J. F., Jr., Penn M. S., Sprecher D. L., Vita J. A., Hazen S. L. Association of nitrotyrosine levels with cardiovascular disease and modulation by statin therapy. JAMA 2003a; 289: 1675–1680, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Shishehbor M. H., Brennan M. L., Aviles R. J., Fu X., Penn M. S., Sprecher D. L., Hazen S. L. Statins promote potent systemic antioxidant effects through specific inflammatory pathways. Circulation 2003b; 108: 426–431, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Shishido S., Koga H., Harada M., Kumemura H., Hanada S., Taniguchi E., Kumashiro R., Ohira H., Sato Y., Namba M., Ueno T., Sata M. Hydrogen peroxide overproduction in megamitochondria of troglitazone-treated human hepatocytes. Hepatology 2003; 37: 136–147, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Simko F., Matuskova J., Luptak I., Krajcirovicova K., Kucharska J., Gvozdjakova A., Babal P., Pechanova O. Effect of simvastatin on remodeling of the left ventricle and aorta in L-NAME-induced hypertension. Life Sci. 2004; 74: 1211–1224, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Sinatra S. T. “Care,” cancer and coenzyme Q10. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1999; 33: 897–899, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sindermann J. R., Fan L., Weigel K. A., Troyer D., Muller J. G., Schmidt A., March K. L., Breithardt G. Differences in the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on proliferation and viability of smooth muscle cells in culture. Atherosclerosis 2000; 150: 331–341, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Singh R. B., Singh N. K., Rastogi S. S., Wander G. S., Aslam M., Onouchi Z., Kummerow F. A., Nangia S. Antioxidant effects of lovastatin and vitamin E on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Cardiovasc. Drug. Ther. 1997; 11: 575–590, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sinzinger H. Does vitamin E beneficially affect muscle pains during HMG-Co-enzyme-A-reductase inhibitors without CK-elevation?. Atherosclerosis 2000; 149: 225, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Sinzinger H. Flu-like response on statins. Med. Sci. Monit. 2002; 8: CR384–CR388, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sinzinger H., Chehne F., Lupattelli G. Oxidation injury in patients receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: occurrence in patients without enzyme elevation or myopathy. Drug Saf. 2002a; 25: 877–883, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sinzinger H., Lupattelli G., Chehne F. Increased lipid peroxidation in a patient with CK-elevation and muscle pain during statin therapy. Atherosclerosis 2000; 153: 255–256, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Sinzinger H., Lupattelli G., Chehne F., Oguogho A., Furberg C. D. Isoprostane 8-epi-PGF2α is frequently increased in patients with muscle pain and/or CK-elevation after HMG-Co-enzyme-A-reductase inhibitor therapy. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2001; 26: 303–310, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sinzinger H., Wolfram R., Peskar B. A. Muscular side effects of statins. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2002b; 40: 163–171, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Skaletz-Rorowski A., Lutchman M., Kureishi Y., Lefer D. J., Faust J. R., Walsh K. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors promote cholesterol-dependent Akt/PKB translocation to membrane domains in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 2003; 57: 253–264, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sörenson R. C., Bisgaier C. L., Aviram M., Hsu C., Billecke S., La Du B. N. Human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase's retained hydrophobic N-terminal leader sequence associates with HDLs by binding phospholipids : apolipoprotein A-I stabilizes activity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19: 2214–2225, [CSA]
  • Sumi D., Hayashi T., Thakur N. K., Jayachandran M., Asai Y., Kano H., Matsui H., Iguchi A. A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor possesses a potent anti-atherosclerotic effect other than serum lipid lowering effects–the relevance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and superoxide anion scavenging action. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155: 347–357, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Sun Y., Zhang J., Lu L., Chen S. S., Quinn M. T., Weber K. T. Aldosterone-induced inflammation in the rat heart: role of oxidative stress. Am. J. Pathol. 2002; 161: 1773–1781, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Suzumura K., Kasahara E., Ohnishi Y., Chien K. C., Inoue M. Fluvastatin normalizes the decreased turnovers of glutathione and ascorbic acid in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2000a; 27: 709–714, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Suzumura K., Ohashi N., Oka K., Yasuhara M., Narita H. Fluvastatin depresses the enhanced lipid peroxidation in vitamin E-deficient hamsters. Free Radic. Res. 2001; 35: 815–823, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Suzumura K., Tanaka K., Yasuhara M., Narita H. Inhibitory effect of fluvastatin and its metabolites on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative destruction of hemin and low-density lipoproteins. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2000b; 23: 873–878, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Narita H. Superoxide anion scavenging properties of fluvastatin and its metabolites. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999a; 47: 1477–1480, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Tanaka K., Odawara A., Narita H., Suzuki T. An in vitro study of the hydroxyl radical scavenging property of fluvastatin, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999b; 47: 1010–1012, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Tanaka K., Suzuki T. In vitro inhibitory effects of the optical isomers and metabolitem of fluvastatin in copper ion-induced LDL oxidation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1999c; 22: 971–974, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Tanaka K., Suzuki T. Protective effect of fluvastatin sodium (XU-62-320), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, on oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1999d; 57: 697–703, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Sydow K., Munzel T. ADMA and oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis 2003; 4(Suppl)41–51, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Takemoto M., Node K., Nakagami H., Liao Y., Grimm M., Takemoto Y., Kitakaze M., Liao J. K. Statins as antioxidant therapy for preventing cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J. Clin. Invest. 2001; 108: 1429–1437, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Tamura A., Watanabe T., Nasu M. Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on malondialdehyde-modified LDL in hypercholesterolemic patients. Circ. J. 2003; 67: 816–820, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Thakur N. K., Hayashi T., Sumi D., Kano H., Tsunekawa T., Iguchi A. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor stabilizes rabbit atheroma by increasing basal NO and decreasing superoxide. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2001; 281: H75–H83, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Thompson P. D., Clarkson P., Karas R. H. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA 2003; 289: 1681–1690, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Tiefenbacher C. P., Kapitza J., Dietz V., Lee C. H., Niroomand F. Reduction of myocardial infarct size by fluvastatin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2003; 285: H59–H64, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tomas M., Senti M., Garcia-Faria F., Vila J., Torrents A., Covas M., Marrugat J. Effect of simvastatin therapy on paraoxonase activity and related lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 2113–2119, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tomiyama K., Nishio E., Watanabe Y. Both wortmannin and simvastatin inhibit the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells during the late phase of differentiation. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 1999; 80: 375–378, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Transon C., Leemann T., Dayer P. In vitro comparative inhibition profiles of major human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1996; 50: 209–215, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Transon C., Leemann T., Vogt N., Dayer P. In vivo inhibition profile of cytochrome P450TB (CYP2C9) by (+/−)-fluvastatin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 58: 412–417, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Tselepis A. D., Chapman M. J. Inflammation, bioactive lipids and atherosclerosis: potential roles of a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase. Atherosclerosis 2002; 3(Suppl)57–68, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tsimihodimos V., Karabina S. A., Tambaki A. P., Bairaktari E., Goudevenos J. A., Chapman M. J., Elisaf M., Tselepis A. D. Atorvastatin preferentially reduces LDL-associated platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in dyslipidemias of type IIA and type IIB. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002a; 22: 306–311, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Tsimihodimos V., Karabina S. A., Tambaki A. P., Bairaktari E., Miltiadous G., Goudevenos J. A., Cariolou M. A., Chapman M. J., Tselepis A. D., Elisaf M. Altered distribution of platelet-activating factor- acetylhydrolase activity between LDL and HDL as a function of the severity of hypercholesterolemia. J. Lipid Res. 2002b; 43: 256–263, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tsunekawa T., Hayashi T., Kano H., Sumi D., Matsui-Hirai H., Thakur N. K., Egashira K., Iguchi A. Cerivastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, improves endothelial function in elderly diabetic patients within 3 days. Circulation 2001; 104: 376–379, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Umetani N., Kanayama Y., Okamura M., Negoro N., Takeda T. Lovastatin inhibits gene expression of type-I scavenger receptor in THP-1 human macrophages. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1996; 1303: 199–206, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Usui H., Shikata K., Matsuda M., Okada S., Ogawa D., Yamashita T., Hida K., Satoh M., Wada J., Makino H. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by its pleiotropic effects in rats. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2003; 18: 265–272, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Valkonen V. P., Laakso J., Paiva H., Lehtimaki T., Lakka T. A., Isomustajarvi M., Ruokonen I., Salonen J. T., Laaksonen R. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and risk of acute coronary events. Does statin treatment influence plasma ADMA levels?. Atherosclerosis 2003; 4(Suppl)19–22, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Vasquez-Vivar J., Kalyanaraman B., Martasek P., Hogg N., Masters B. S., Karoui H., Tordo P., Pritchard K. A., Jr. Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998; 95: 9220–9225, [PUBMED], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Vaziri N. D., Ni Z., Oveisi F., Trnavsky-Hobbs D. L. Effect of antioxidant therapy on blood pressure and NO synthase expression in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2000; 36: 957–964, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Vazquez M., Merlos M., Adzet T., Laguna J. C. Decreased susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation of rat-lipoproteins after fibrate treatment: influence of fatty acid composition. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1996; 117: 1155–1162, [PUBMED], [CSA]
  • Vecchione C., Brandes R. P. Withdrawal of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors elicits oxidative stress and induces endothelial dysfunction in mice. Circ. Res. 2002; 91: 173–179, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Virdis A., Neves M. F., Amiri F., Viel E., Touyz R. M., Schiffrin E. L. Spironolactone improves angiotensin-induced vascular changes and oxidative stress. Hypertension 2002; 40: 504–510, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Von Knethen A. A., Brune B. Delayed activation of PPARγ by LPS and IFN-γ attenuates the oxidative burst in macrophages. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 535–544, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Vu-Dac N., Chopin-Delannoy S., Gervois P., Bonnelye E., Martin G., Fruchart J. C., Laudet V., Staels B. The nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and Rev-erb α mediate the species-specific regulation of apolipoprotein A-I expression by fibrates. J. Biol. Chem. 1998; 273: 25713–25720, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Wagner A. H., Kohler T., Ruckschloss U., Just I., Hecker M. Improvement of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors through attenuation of endothelial superoxide anion formation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 61–69, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Wagner A. H., Schwabe O., Hecker M. Atorvastatin inhibition of cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in native endothelial cells in situ. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2002; 136: 143–149, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Wagstaff L. R., Mitton M. W., Arvik B. M., Doraiswamy P. M. Statin-associated memory loss: analysis of 60 case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2003; 23: 871–880, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Wassmann S., Laufs U., Baumer A. T., Muller K., Ahlbory K., Linz W., Itter G., Rosen R., Bohm M., Nickenig G. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve endothelial dysfunction in normocholesterolemic hypertension via reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Hypertension 2001a; 37: 1450–1457, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Wassmann S., Laufs U., Baumer A. T., Muller K., Konkol C., Sauer H., Bohm M., Nickenig G. Inhibition of geranylgeranylation reduces angiotensin II-mediated free radical production in vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and Rac1 GTPase. Mol. Pharmacol. 2001b; 59: 646–654, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Wassmann S., Laufs U., Muller K., Konkol C., Ahlbory K., Baumer A. T., Linz W., Bohm M., Nickenig G. Cellular antioxidant effects of atorvastatin in vitro and in vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002; 22: 300–305, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • White C. R., Darley-Usmar V., Berrington W. R., McAdams M., Gore J. Z., Thompson J. A., Parks D. A., Tarpey M. M., Freeman B. A. Circulating plasma xanthine oxidase contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996; 93: 8745–8749, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Willis R. A., Folkers K., Tucker J. L., Ye C. Q., Xia L. J., Tamagawa H. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 8928–8930, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Wilson S. H., Chade A. R., Feldstein A., Sawamura T., Napoli C., Lerman A., Lerman L. O. Lipid-lowering-independent effects of simvastatin on the kidney in experimental hypercholesterolaemia. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2003; 18: 703–709, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Wilson S. H., Simari R. D., Best P. J., Peterson T. E., Lerman L. O., Aviram M., Nath K. A., Holmes D. R., Jr., Lerman A. Simvastatin preserves coronary endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia in the absence of lipid lowering. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 122–128, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Wilson T. W., Alonso-Galicia M., Roman R. J. Effects of lipid-lowering agents in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Hypertension 1998; 31: 225–231, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Xia Y., Tsai A. L., Berka V., Zweier J. L. Superoxide generation from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. A Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent and tetrahydrobiopterin regulatory process. J. Biol. Chem. 1998; 273: 25804–25808, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Xu C. B., Stenman E., Edvinsson L. Reduction of bFGF-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelin receptor mRNA expression by mevastatin and atorvastatin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002; 64: 497–505, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Yamaguchi Y., Matsuno S., Kagota S., Haginaka J., Kunitomo M. Fluvastatin reduces modification of low-density lipoprotein in hyperlipidemic rabbit loaded with oxidative stress. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2002; 436: 97–105, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Yamamoto A., Hoshi K., Ichihara K. Fluvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, scavenges free radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1998; 361: 143–149, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Yamamoto A., Ichihara K., Hoshi K. Antioxidative effect of fluvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2001; 53: 227–232, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Yang Z., Kozai T., van der Loo B., Viswambharan H., Lachat M., Turina M. I., Malinski T., Luscher T. F. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition improves endothelial cell function and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in human saphenous veins. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 36: 1691–1697, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Yasuhara M., Suzumura K., Tanaka H., Takahashi M., Aoki S., Odawara A. Fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, protects LDL from oxidative modification In hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2000; 23: 570–574, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Yasunari K., Maeda K., Minami M., Yoshikawa J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prevent migration of human coronary smooth muscle cells through suppression of increase in oxidative stress. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 937–942, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Yoshida H., Ishikawa T., Ayaori M., Shige H., Hosoai H., Nishio E. Effects of low-dose simvastatin on cholesterol levels, oxidative susceptibility, and antioxidant levels of low-density lipoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study. Clin. Ther. 1995; 17: 379, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Yoshida H., Ishikawa T., Ayaori M., Shige H., Ito T., Suzukawa M., Nakamura H. Beneficial effect of gemfibrozil on the chemical composition and oxidative susceptibility of low density lipoprotein: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Atherosclerosis 1998; 139: 179–187, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Zambrana J. L., Lopez-Miranda J., Blanco A., Arizon J. M., Jansen S., Paniagua J. A., Jimenez-Pereperez J. A., Concha M., Perez-Jimenez F. Bezafibrate and lovastatin decrease the oxidizability of low-density lipoproteins in heart transplant recipients with hyperlidemia. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 1998; 17: 1213–1219, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Zelvyte I., Dominaitiene R., Crisby M., Janciauskiene S. Modulation of inflammatory mediators and PPARγ and NFκ B expression by pravastatin in response to lipoproteins in human monocytes in vitro. Pharmacol. Res. 2002; 45: 147–154, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Zoja C., Corna D., Rottoli D., Cattaneo D., Zanchi C., Tomasoni S., Abbate M., Remuzzi G. Effect of combining ACE inhibitor and statin in severe experimental nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2002; 61: 1635–1645, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.