2,592
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Scripted Messengers: How Party Discipline and Branding Turn Election Candidates and Legislators into Brand Ambassadors

& ORCID Icon
Pages 54-73 | Received 25 Sep 2018, Accepted 01 Aug 2019, Published online: 28 Aug 2019

References

  • Al-Shuaibi, Ahmad Said Ibrahim, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, and Norzalita Abd Aziz. 2016. “Developing Brand Ambassadors: The Role of Brand-Centred Human Resource Management.” International Review of Management and Marketing 6 (S7):155–61.
  • Aucoin, Peter, Mark Jarvis, and Lori Turnbull. 2011. Democratizing the Constitution: Reforming Responsible Government. Toronto: Emond Publishing.
  • Beckwith, Karen. 2007. “Numbers and Newness: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Women.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 40 (1):27–49. doi: 10.1017/S0008423907070059.
  • Bernhard, William, and Tracy Sulkin. 2018. Legislative Style. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bertilsson, Jon, and Jens Rennstam. 2018. “The Destructive Side of Branding: A Heuristic Model for Analyzing the Value of Branding Practice.” Organization 25 (2):260–81. doi: 10.1177/1350508417712431.
  • Bowler, Shaun, and Gail McElroy. 2015. “Political Group Cohesion and ‘Hurrah’ Voting in the European Parliament.” Journal of European Public Policy 22 (9):1355–65. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2015.1048704.
  • Cain, Bruce, John Frejohn, and Morris Fiorina. 1987. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Carnes, Nicholas. 2018. The Cash Ceiling: Why Only the Rich Run for Office — and What We Can Do about It. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Carrubba, Clifford, Matthew Gabel, and Simon Hug. 2008. “Legislative Voting Behavior, Seen and Unseen: A Theory of Roll-Call Vote Selection.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 33 (4):543–72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40263475 doi: 10.3162/036298008786403079.
  • Carty, R. Kenneth. 2002. “The Politics of Tecumseh Corners: Canadian Political Parties as Franchise Organizations.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 35 (4):723–45. doi: 10.1017/S0008423902778402.
  • Carty, R. Kenneth. 2004. “Parties as Franchise Systems: The Stratarchical Organizational Imperative.” Party Politics 10 (1):5–24. doi: 10.1177/1354068804039118.
  • Childs, Sarah, and Mona Lena Krook. 2009. “Analysing Women’s Substantive Representation: From Critical Mass to Critical Actors.” Government and Opposition 44 (2):125–45. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2009.01279.x.
  • Crouch, Roberta, Michael Ewer, Pascale Quester, and Michael Proksch. 2016. “Talking with You—Not at You: How Brand Ambassadors Can Spark Consumer Brand Attachment?” In Marketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment, edited by Mark D. Groza and Charles B. Ragland, 189–94. New York: Springer.
  • Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., and Melissa E. Graebner. 2007. “Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges.” The Academy of Management Journal 50 (1):25–32. doi: 10.5465/amj.2007.24160888.
  • Eshuis, Jasper, and Erik-Hans Klijn. 2012. Branding in Governance and Public Management. New York: Routledge.
  • Eulau, Heinz, John C. Wahlke, William Buchanan, and Leroy C. Ferguson. 1959. “The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke.” The American Political Science Review 53 (3):742–56. doi: 10.2307/1951941.
  • Fenno, Richard F. 1978. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Boston: Little, Brown.
  • Fisher-Buttinger, Claudia, and Christine Vallaster. 2008. “Brand Ambassadors: Strategic Diplomats or Tactical Promoters?” In Marketing Metaphors and Metamorphosis, edited by Philip J. Kitchen, 132–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Freelon, Deen. 2017. “Campaigns in Control: Analyzing Controlled Interactivity and Message Discipline on Facebook.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 14 (2):168–81. doi: 10.1080/19331681.2017.1309309.
  • Gulati, Girish J. 2004. “Members of Congress and Presentation of Self on the World Wide Web.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 9 (1):22–40. doi: 10.1177/1081180X03259758.
  • Guzmán, Francisco, and Vicenta Sierra. 2009. “A Political Candidate’s Brand Image Scale: Are Political Candidates Brands?” Journal of Brand Management 17 (3):207–17. doi: 10.1057/bm.2009.19.
  • Haider-Markel, Donald P. 2010. Out and Running: Gay and Lesbian Candidates, Elections, and Policy Representation. Washington: Georgetown University Press.
  • Jackson, Robert J. 1968. Rebels and Whips: Dissension, Discipline and Cohesion in British Political Parties since 1945. London: MacMillan and Co.
  • Jones, Helen. 2016. How to be a Government Whip. London, UK: Biteback Publishing.
  • Kam, Christopher J. 2009. Party Discipline and Parliamentary Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaneva, Nadia, and Austin Klemmer. 2016. “The Rise of Brandidates? A Cultural Perspective on Political Candidate Brands in Postmodern Consumer Democracies.” Journal of Customer Behaviour 15 (3):299–313. doi: 10.1362/147539216X14594362874054.
  • Karlsen, Rune, and Eli Skogerbø. 2015. “Candidate Campaigning in Parliamentary Systems: Individualized vs. Localized Campaigning.” Party Politics 21 (3):428–39. doi: 10.1177/1354068813487103.
  • Karlsson, David. 2013. “Who Do the Local Councillors of Europe Represent?” In Local Councillors in Europe, edited by Björn Egner, David Sweeting and Pieter-Jan Klok, 97–119. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-01857-3_6.
  • King, Ceridwyn, Debra Grace, and Scott Weaven. 2013. “Developing Brand Champions: A Franchisee Perspective.” Journal of Marketing Management 29 (11–12):1308–36. doi: 10.1080/0267257X.2013.796322.
  • Klein, Naomi. 2000. No Logo. London: HarperCollins.
  • Kvale, Steinar. 2007. Doing Interviews. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Lilleker, Darren. 2015. “Interactivity and Branding: Public Political Communication as a Marketing Tool.” Journal of Political Marketing 14 (1–2):111–28. doi: 10.1080/15377857.2014.990841.
  • Loat, Alison, and Michael MacMillan. 2014. Tragedy in the Commons: Former Members of Parliament Speak out about Canada’s Failing Democracy. Toronto: Vintage Canada.
  • Löhndorf, Birgit, and Adamantios Diamantopoulos. 2014. “Internal Branding: Social Identity and Social Exchange Perspectives on Turning Employees into Brand Champions.” Journal of Service Research 17 (3):310–25. doi: 10.1177/1094670514522098.
  • Malloy, Jonathan. 2006. “High Discipline, Low Cohesion? the Uncertain Patterns of Canadian Parliamentary Party Groups.” In Cohesion and Discipline in Legislatures, edited by Reuven Y. Hazan, 116–29. New York: Routledge.
  • Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes.” Journal of Politics 61 (3):627–57. doi: 10.2307/2647821.
  • Marland, Alex. 2003. “Marketing Political Soap: A Political Marketing View of Selling Candidates like Soap, of Electioneering as a Ritual, and of Electoral Military Analogies.” Journal of Public Affairs 3 (2):103–15. doi: 10.1002/pa.139.
  • Marland, Alex. 2016. Brand Command: Canadian Politics and Democracy in an Age of Message Control. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Marsh, David, and Paul Fawcett. 2011. “Branding, Politics and Democracy.” Policy Studies 32 (5):515–30. doi: 10.1080/01442872.2011.586498.
  • McGrane, David. 2019. The New NDP: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
  • Men, Linjuan Rita. 2014. “Strategic Internal Communication: Transformational Leadership, Communication Channels, and Employee Satisfaction.” Management Communication Quarterly 28 (2):264–84. doi: 10.1177/0893318914524536.
  • Morhart, Felicitas M., Walter Herzog, and Torsten Tomczak. 2009. “Brand-Specific Leadership: Turning Employees into Brand Champions.” Journal of Marketing 73 (5):122–42. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.73.5.122.
  • Needham, Catherine. 2005. “Brand Leaders: Clinton, Blair and the Limitations of the Permanent Campaign.” Political Studies 53 (2):343–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00532.x.
  • Nimijean, Richard. 2006. “Brand Canada: The Brand State and the Decline of the Liberal Party.” Inroads 19:84–93.
  • Och, Malliga and Shauna L. Shames, editors. 2018. The Right Women: Republican Party Activists, Candidates, and Legislators. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
  • Olson, David M. 2003. “Cohesion and Discipline Revisited: Contingent Unity in the Parliamentary Party Group.” The Journal of Legislative Studies 9 (4):164–78. doi: 10.1080/1357233042000306326.
  • O’Shaughnessy, Nicholas. 2009. “Selling Hitler: Propaganda and the Nazi Brand.” Journal of Public Affairs 9 (1):55–76. doi: 10.1002/pa.312.
  • Pich, Christopher, Dianne Dean, and Khanyapuss Punjaisri. 2016. “Political Brand Identity: An Examination of the Complexities of Conservative Brand and Internal Market Engagement during the 2010 UK General Election Campaign.” Journal of Marketing Communications 22 (1):100–17. doi: 10.1080/13527266.2013.864321.
  • Pitkin, Hanna F. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Rehmet, Jonas, and Keith Dinnie. 2013. “Citizen Brand Ambassadors: Motivations and Perceived Effects.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2 (1):31–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.02.001.
  • Scammell, Margaret. 2001. “The Media and Media Management.” In The Blair Effect, edited by Anthony Seldon, 509–34. London: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Scammell, Margaret. 2015. “Politics and Image: The Conceptual Value of Branding.” Journal of Political Marketing 14 (1–2):7–18. doi: 10.1080/15377857.2014.990829.
  • Shane, Scott A. 1998. “Making New Franchise Systems Work.” Strategic Management Journal 19 (7):697–707. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199807)19:7<697::AID-SMJ972>3.0.CO;2-O.
  • Speed, Richard, Patrick Butler, and Neil Collins. 2015. “Human Branding in Political Marketing: Applying Contemporary Branding Thought to Political Parties and Their Leaders.” Journal of Political Marketing 14 (1–2):129–51. doi: 10.1080/15377857.2014.990833.
  • Trimble, Linda. 2008. “Assembling Women, Gendering Assemblies.” In Gendering the Nation-State: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Yasmeen Abu-Laban, 79–96. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Vallaster, Christine, and Leslie de Chernatony. 2005. “Internationalization of Services Brands: The Role of Leadership during the Internal Brand Building Process.” Journal of Marketing Management 21 (1–2):181–203. doi: 10.1362/0267257053166839.
  • Xiong, Lina, Ceridwyn King, and Rico Piehler. 2013. “That’s Not My Job’: Exploring the Employee Perspective in the Development of Brand Ambassadors.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 35:348–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.07.009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.