DNA hypermethylation as a predictor of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in rectal cancer

References

• Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, Jemal A, Schymura MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Seeff LC, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer. 2010;116(3):544–73. doi:10.1002/cncr.24760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antelo M, Balaguer F, Shia J, Shen Y, Hur K, Moreira L, Cuatrecasas M, Bujanda L, Giraldez MD, Takahashi M, et al. A high degree of LINE-1 hypomethylation is a unique feature of early-onset colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 2012;7(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg B, Decosse JJ, Harford F, Michalek J. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: the natural history reviewed in 1704 patients. Cancer. 1982;49(6):1131–4. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19820315)49:6%3c1131::AID-CNCR2820490611%3e3.0.CO;2-T.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton MH, Hughes AO, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. The clinical significance of invasion of veins by rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1980;67(6):439–42. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800670619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton MH, Hughes AO, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. Spread of rectal cancer within veins. Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg. 1981;141(1):15–7. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(81)90004-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krasna MJ, Flancbaum L, Cody RP, Shneibaum S, Ben Ari G. Vascular and neural invasion in colorectal carcinoma. Incidence and prognostic significance. Cancer. 1988;61(5):1018–23. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19880301)61:5%3c1018::AID-CNCR2820610527%3e3.0.CO;2-H.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich T, Gunderson LL, Lew R, Galdibini JJ, Cohen AM, Donaldson G. Patterns of recurrence of rectal cancer after potentially curative surgery. Cancer. 1983;52(7):1317–29. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19831001)52:7%3c1317::AID-CNCR2820520731%3e3.0.CO;2-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchi K, Sugawara T, Ono H, Fujiya T, Kamiyama Y, Kakugawa Y, Mikuni J, Tateno H. Histologic features and clinical significance of venous invasion in colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis. Cancer. 1996;78(11):2313–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19961201)78:11%3c2313::AID-CNCR7%3e3.0.CO;2-N.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor F, Mangat N, Swift IR, Brown G. Proforma-based reporting in rectal cancer. Cancer Imaging. 2010;10(1A):S142–S150. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.9092.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NICE. Colorectal cancer: diagnosis and management. [CG131]. 2014; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG131.
   Google Scholar
• Smith NJ, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Swift RI, Abulafi AM, Brown G. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging-detected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2008;95(2):229–36. doi:10.1002/bjs.5917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERCURY Study Group. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2006;333(7572):779. doi:10.1136/bmj.38937.646400.55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puli SR, Reddy JB, Bechtold ML, Choudhary A, Antillon MR, Brugge WR. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound to diagnose nodal invasion by rectal cancers: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(5):1255–65. doi:10.1245/s10434-009-0337-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor FG, Quirke P, Heald RJ, Moran B, Blomqvist L, Swift I, Sebag-Montefiore DJ, Tekkis P, Brown G, MERCURY study group. Preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can identify good prognosis stage I, II, and III rectal cancer best managed by surgery alone: a prospective, multicenter, European study. Ann Surg. 2011;253(4):711–9. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820b8d52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith NJ, Shihab O, Arnaout A, Swift RI, Brown G. MRI for detection of extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(5):1517–22. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown G, Radcliffe AG, Newcombe RG, Dallimore NS, Bourne MW, Williams GT. Preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in rectal cancer using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Surg. 2003;90(3):355–64. doi:10.1002/bjs.4034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugg WG, Andreou AK, Biswas D, Toms AP, Williams SM. The prognostic significance of MRI-detected extramural venous invasion in rectal carcinoma. Clin Radiol. 2014;69(6):619–23. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2014.01.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chand M, Siddiqui MR, Swift I, Brown G. Systematic review of prognostic importance of extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(4):1721–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel UB, Brown G, Machado I, Santos-Cores J, Pericay C, Ballesteros E, Salud A, Isabel-Gil M, Montagut C, Maurel J, et al. MRI assessment and outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy only for Primary Rectal Cancer: longterm results from the GEMCAD 0801 trial. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(2):344–353. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chand M, Evans J, Swift RI, Tekkis PP, West NP, Stamp G, Heald RJ, Brown G. The prognostic significance of postchemoradiotherapy high-resolution MRI and histopathology detected extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2015;261(3):473–9. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M, Nakamura Y, White R, Smits AM, Bos JL. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(9):525–32. doi:10.1056/NEJM198809013190901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology. 2007;50(1):113–30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02549.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dienstmann R, Vermeulen L, Guinney J, Kopetz S, Tejpar S, Tabernero J. Consensus molecular subtypes and the evolution of precision medicine in colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(2):79–92. doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunal A, Hui P, Kilic S, Xu R, Jain D, Mitchell K, Robert M, Kenney B. KRAS mutations are associated with specific morphologic features in colon cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(6):509–14. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182703030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Farahani RK, Haghighi MM, Aghdaei HA, Kuppen PJ, Zali MR. Clinical implications of BRAF mutation test in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2013;6(1):6–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Missiaglia E, Jacobs B, D'Ario G, Di Narzo AF, Soneson C, Budinska E, Popovici V, Vecchione L, Gerster S, Yan P, et al. Distal and proximal colon cancers differ in terms of molecular, pathological, and clinical features. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(10):1995–2001. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi M, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Imamura Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Liao X, Waldron L, Hoshida Y, Huttenhower C, et al. Assessment of colorectal cancer molecular features along bowel subsites challenges the conception of distinct dichotomy of proximal versus distal colorectum. Gut. 2012;61(6):847–54. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson JS, Harris DA, Beynon J, Jenkins GJ. Review of the development of DNA methylation as a marker of response to neoadjuvant therapy and outcomes in rectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2015;7(1):70. doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0111-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jo P, Jung K, Grade M, Conradi LC, Wolff HA, Kitz J, Becker H, Rüschoff J, Hartmann A, Beissbarth T, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype infers a poor disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer. Surgery. 2012;151(4):564–70. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2011.08.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyota M, Ahuja N, Ohe-Toyota M, Herman JG, Baylin SB, Issa JP. CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(15):8681–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, Young J, Long TI, Faasse MA, Kang GH, Widschwendter M, Weener D, Buchanan D, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2006;38(7):787–93. doi:10.1038/ng1834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogino S, Kawasaki T, Kirkner GJ, Kraft P, Loda M, Fuchs CS. Evaluation of markers for CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer by a large population-based sample. J Mol Diagn. 2007;9(3):305–14. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneda A, Yagi K. Two groups of DNA methylation markers to classify colorectal cancer into three epigenotypes. Cancer Sci. 2011;102(1):18–24. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01712.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughrey MB, Quirke P, Shepherd NA. G049: Standards and datasets for reporting cancers dataset for colorectal cancer histopathology reports, R.C.O. Pathologists, Editor. London; 2014. https://www.rcpath.org/resourceLibrary/dataset-for-colorectalcancer-histopathology-reports--3rd-edition-.html.
   Google Scholar
• Maughan NJ, Morris E, Forman D, Quirke P. The validity of the Royal College of Pathologists' colorectal cancer minimum dataset within a population. Br J Cancer. 2007;97(10):1393–8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi K, Akagi K, Hayashi H, Nagae G, Tsuji S, Isagawa T, Midorikawa Y, Nishimura Y, Sakamoto H, Seto Y, et al. Three DNA methylation epigenotypes in human colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(1):21–33. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson JS, Jones HG, Williams N, Griffiths AP, Jenkins G, Beynon J, Harris DA. Extramural vascular invasion and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: Influence of the CpG island methylator phenotype. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;9(5):209–17. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i5.209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CH, Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. CpG island methylator phenotype is an independent predictor of survival after curative resection for colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(8):1469–1474. doi:10.1111/jgh.13734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha Y, Kim KJ, Han SW, Rhee YY, Bae JM, Wen X, Cho NY, Lee DW, Lee KH, Kim TY, et al. Adverse prognostic impact of the CpG island methylator phenotype in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016;115(2):164–71. doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallois C, Laurent-Puig P, Taieb J. Methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer: A prognostic factor or not? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;99:74–80. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahari VM, Saarialho-Kere U. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumour growth and invasion. Ann Med. 1999;31(1):34–45. doi:10.3109/07853899909019260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki Y, Mimura T. Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Activation Resulting from Disordred Epigenetic Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(5):pii: E905. doi:10.3390/ijms18050905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HF, Hsi E, Huang LC, Liao YC, Juo SH, Lin RT. Methylation in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene is associated with cerebral ischemic stroke. J Investig Med. 2017;65(4):794–9. doi:10.1136/jim-2016-000277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang JS, Vencken S, Sharaf O, Leen E, Kay EW, McNamara DA, Deasy J, Mulligan ED. Global DNA methylation is altered by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer and may predict response to treatment – A pilot study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40(11):1459–66. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2014.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy K, Pearson K, Fulton R, Hewitt J. Pre-operative chemoradiation for non-metastatic locally advanced rectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:Cd008368.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reggiani Bonetti L, Lionti S, Domati F, Barresi V. Do pathological variables have prognostic significance in rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(8):1412–23. doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair RCF, Sumpter K, Griffin SM. Fitness after chemotherapy. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(1):140. doi:10.1093/bja/aev419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretschmer C, Sterner-Kock A, Siedentopf F, Schoenegg W, Schlag PM, Kemmner W. Identification of early molecular markers for breast cancer. Mol Cancer. 2011;10(1):15. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-10-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Gu H, Wang S, Qian H, Zhu W, Zhang L, Zhao C, Tao Y, Xu W. Circulating miR-17-5p and miR-20a: molecular markers for gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep. 2012;5(6):1514–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann C, Hentschel B, Tatagiba M, Schramm J, Schnell O, Seidel C, Stein R, Reifenberger G, Pietsch T, von Deimling A, et al. Molecular markers in low-grade gliomas: predictive or prognostic? Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(13):4588–99. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-3194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Siena S, Freeman DJ, Juan T, Sikorski R, Suggs S, Radinsky R, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(10):1626–34. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.7116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoi K, Yamashita K, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Nishizawa N, Tsutsui A, Miura H, Katoh H, Yamanashi T, Naito M, et al. Comprehensive molecular exploration identified promoter DNA methylation of the CRBP1 gene as a determinant of radiation sensitivity in rectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2017;116(8):1046–1056. doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiovitz S, Bertagnolli MM, Renfro LA, Nam E, Foster NR, Dzieciatkowski S, Luo Y, Lao VV, Monnat RJ Jr, Emond MJ, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype is associated with response to adjuvant irinotecan-based therapy for stage III colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(3):637–45. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donada M, Bonin S, Barbazza R, Pettirosso D, Stanta G. Management of stage Ii colon cancer – the use of molecular biomarkers for adjuvant therapy decision. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013:36. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-13-36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jover R, Nguyen TP, Pérez-Carbonell L, Zapater P, Payá A, Alenda C, Rojas E, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Morillas JD, et al. 5-fluorouracil adjuvant chemotherapy does not increase survival in patients with CpG island methylator phenotype colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(4):1174–81. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.12.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada H, Miyamoto K, Yamashita Y, Taniyama K, Ohdan H, Okada M. Methylated DLX4 Predicts Response to Pathologic Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99(5):1746–54. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.12.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu F, Lu M, Qu L, Li DQ, Hu CH. DNA methylation of hMLH1 correlates with the clinical response to cisplatin after a surgical resection in Non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(5):5457–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montenegro MF, González-Guerrero R, Sánchez-del-Campo L, Piñero-Madrona A, Cabezas-Herrera J, Rodríguez-López JN. Targeting the epigenetics of the DNA damage response in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2016;7:e2180. doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larijani L, Madjd Z, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Younespour S, Zham H, Rakhshan A, Mohammadi F, Rahbari A, Moradi A. Methylation of O6-methyl guanine methyltransferase gene promoter in meningiomas–comparison between tumor grades I, II, and III. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(1):33–8. doi:10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.1.33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van den Bent MJ, Erdem-Eraslan L, Idbaih A, de Rooi J, Eilers PH, Spliet WG, den Dunnen WF, Tijssen C, Wesseling P, Sillevis Smitt PA, et al. MGMT-STP27 methylation status as predictive marker for response to PCV in anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas and Oligoastrocytomas. A report from EORTC study 26951. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(19):5513–22. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade AF, Borges KS, Castro-Gamero AM, Silveira VS, Suazo VK, Oliveira JC, Moreno DA, de Paula Queiroz RG, Scrideli CA, Tone LG. Zebularine induces chemosensitization to methotrexate and efficiently decreases AhR gene methylation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2014;25(1):72–81. doi:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi P, Rao SX, Zeng MS. Clinical value of MRI-detected extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer. J Dig Dis. 2017;18(1):2–12. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.12439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar